What is the name of the poem "Jiang Nanchun"? - Answer: "Jiang Nanchun·Thousands of miles of orioles singing green and reflecting red".
Introduction to the work
"Jiangnan Spring: Thousands of Miles of Orioles Crying and Green Reflecting Red" is a landscape poem written by Du Mu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty. It is a seven-character poem describing the scenery of Jiangnan. Quatrains. In this poem, Du Mu not only depicts the bright spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also reproduces the misty and rainy terrace scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, making the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River more magical and confusing, and has a special interest.
Original text of the work
Jiang Nanchun
Tang·Du Mu
Thousands of miles of orioles sing green and reflect red,
Water Cunshanguojiuqifeng.
There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasty,
How many towers are in the mist and rain.
Notes on the work
1. Guo: A kind of exterior wall built outside the city in ancient times. Wine flag: wine curtain, a sign hung high outside the hotel.
2. Shanguo: the city wall backed by the mountain.
3. Southern Dynasties: After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the four dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen that established their capital in Jiankang (now Nanjing) were collectively called the Southern Dynasties. The rulers at that time were fond of Buddhism and built a large number of temples.
4. Four Hundred and Eighty Temples: The emperors and big bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties loved Buddhism and built large Buddhist temples in the capital (now Nanjing City). According to "Southern History·Xunli·Guo Zushen Biography": "There are more than 500 Buddhist temples in the capital." The four hundred and eighty temples mentioned here are approximate figures.
5. Tower: refers to the temple.
Translation of the work
Thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, there are singing and dancing birds everywhere, red peach and green willows, a scene full of spring. In the villages near the water, in the city walls nestled against the mountains, there are wines blowing in the wind everywhere. flag. There are temples filled with incense and pavilions standing in the hazy mist and rain.
Appreciation of Works
This song "Jiangnan Spring" has been famous for thousands of years. The four lines of the poem describe not only the richness and variety of the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also its vastness, depth and confusion. "Thousands of miles of orioles are singing, green is reflected in red, and water villages and mountains are drinking flags and winds." At the beginning of the poem, it is like a rapidly moving movie camera, passing over the southern land: in the vast thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, orioles are singing happily, and clusters of green trees reflect the Red flowers; villages near the water, city walls nestled against the mountains, and wine flags fluttering in the wind are all in sight. The reason for the swaying, in addition to the magnificence of the scenery, is probably also because this magnificence is different from a certain garden scenic spot, which is only limited to a corner, but because this magnificence is spread over a large piece of land. Therefore, if there is no word "Qianli" at the beginning, these two sentences will be inferior. However, Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty said in "Sheng'an Poetry Talk": "Who can hear the oriole's cry for thousands of miles? Who can see the green and red for thousands of miles? If it is ten miles away, the oriole will cry and the green and red scenery will appear, including the village, the terrace, and the red. Monk temples and wine flags are all among them." Regarding this opinion, He Wenhuan once refuted this opinion in "Research on Poems of the Past Dynasties": "Even if it is written ten miles away, it may not be possible to hear or see it. "Spring", the south of the Yangtze River is thousands of miles wide, and among the thousands of miles, the orioles are singing and the green is reflected, there are no wine flags in the water villages and mountains, and most of the 480 temples and towers are in the mist and rain. The meaning of this poem is broad, and it cannot be specific. One place, so the general name is "Jiang Nanchun"..."He Wenhuan's statement is correct. This is due to the need for a typical summary of literature and art. The same principle applies to the last two sentences.
"In the Four Hundred and Eighty Temples of the Southern Dynasties, there are many towers in the mist and rain." From the first two sentences, the orioles are chirping, the red and green contrast with each other, and the wine flags are fluttering. It should be a scene on a sunny day, but these two sentences clearly I write about mist and rain because within a thousand miles, the cloudiness and sunshine vary from place to place, which is completely understandable. However, what needs to be seen is that the poet used typical techniques to grasp the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery. The characteristics of Jiangnan are - mountains and rivers, dark willows and bright flowers, intricate tones, rich layers and a three-dimensional sense. While shrinking the size of the poem, the poet focused on expressing the colorful and beautiful scenery of the south of the Yangtze River in spring. In the first two sentences of the poem, there are red and green colors, mountains and rivers, villages and city walls, movement and stillness, sounds and colors. But these alone seem not to be rich enough, and they only depict the bright side of the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. So the poet added a wonderful stroke: "There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and there are so many towers in the mist." The splendid Buddhist temple with its numerous buildings inherently gives people a profound feeling, and the poet deliberately made it hidden in the mist. In the misty rain, this adds a hazy and blurred color. This kind of picture and tone, combined with the bright and gorgeous "the orioles are singing thousands of miles away, the green is reflected in red, and the wine flags in the mountains and rivers of water" make this "Jiangnan Spring" picture more colorful. The word "Southern Dynasties" adds a distant historical color to this picture. "Four hundred and eighty" is a way of saying that people in the Tang Dynasty emphasize the large number. The poet first emphasizes that there is more than one Buddhist temple with magnificent architecture, and then goes on to sigh like "how many towers are in the mist and rain", which is particularly fascinating.
This poem expresses the poet's praise and fascination for the scenery in Jiangnan. However, some researchers have put forward the "irony theory", believing that the emperors of the Southern Dynasties were famous for their monstrances in Chinese history. Buddhism also developed viciously in Du Mu's era, and Du Mu had anti-Buddhist thoughts, so the last two sentences are ironic. In fact, when interpreting poetry, we should first start from the artistic image and should not make abstract inferences. Du Mu's opposition to Buddhism does not necessarily mean that he also dislikes Buddhist temple buildings left over from history. When he was in Xuanzhou, he often visited Kaiyuan Temple and other places. I also visited some temples in Chizhou and made friends with monks.
Famous poems, such as "Yunzhe Temple on Jiuhua Mountain Road, Liufu Bridge on the Qingyi River" and "Where spring rains sing in the autumn mountains, leaning against the towers of Jiangnan temples" all show that he still appreciates the towers of Buddhist temples. Of course, while appreciating it, it is possible to occasionally have a little historical emotion. The author's emotions are very neutral, with no obvious hatred or hatred. He is simply describing scenery and Wing Chun.
About the author
Du Mu (803-854), courtesy name Muzhi and Fanchuan, was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) and is a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. Born into a family of bureaucratic landlords for generations. At the age of twenty-six, he became a Jinshi and became the school secretary of Hongwen Hall. Later, in addition to serving as a local staff member for ten years, he also served as governor in Huang, Chi, Mu, Hu and other states. He also served in the central government as supervisory censor, food department, ratio department, and official wailang. A native of Shushe, he is the author of "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".