Appreciation 1
This poem was written in the spring of the third or fourth year of Changqing (823-824) when Bai Juyi was appointed governor of Hangzhou.
Qiantang Lake is another name for West Lake. Speaking of the West Lake, people will think of the famous line in Su Shi's poem: "If you want to compare the West Lake to the West, it is better to put on light makeup and heavy makeup." ("Drinking on the Lake at the First Sunny and Later Rain") After reading Bai Juyi's poem, it seems that I have really seen that. Looking at the smiling face of Xi Shi, I feel the accuracy of Dongpo's metaphor even more.
When Lotte was in Hangzhou, he wrote many poems about the lakes and mountains. This poem closely grasps the characteristics of the environment and seasons, and depicts the West Lake, which has just put on the coat of spring, as full of life and just right.
"North of Gushan Temple and west of Jiating." Gushan is located between Houhu and Waihu. It has towering peaks and Gushan Temple. It is a scenic spot in the lake and a unique symbol of the whole lake. Jiating was also a scenic spot in West Lake at that time. With the description in the first sentence, the "water surface" in the second sentence naturally refers to the surface of the West Lake. The water falls in autumn and winter, and the water rises in spring. In the confusion of water color and sky light, overlapping white clouds roll up in the space and become one with the rippling waves on the lake, so it is called "the feet of the clouds are low". The sentence "the water surface is initially flat and the clouds are low" outlines the outline of early spring on the lake. The next two sentences vividly depict the vitality of spring and the spirit of spring as nature awakens from its slumber in autumn and winter from the movements of warblers and swallows. The warbler is a singer, singing about the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River; the swallow is a migratory bird, flying back from the north in spring. They are full of seasonal sensitivity and have become a symbol of spring. Here, the poet's choice of surrounding things is typical; and his use of pen is meticulous. When you say "several places", you can see that it is not "everywhere"; when you say "whose home", you can see that it is not "every home". Because it's still early spring. In this way, the "zao" of "zaoying" and the "xin" of "xinyan" are derived from each other in meaning, connecting the two into a complete picture. Because it is an "early warbler", it grabs the warm trees facing the sun to test its singing voice; because it is a "new swallow", when it pecks at the mud, picks up grass and builds a new nest, it will arouse people's surprise. The joy of seeing. Xie Lingyun's two sentences, "Spring grass grows in the pond, and willows in the garden turn into songbirds" ("Climbing the Pond and Going Up the Floor") are so wonderful that they are so wonderful in ancient and modern times and have been passed down by people precisely because he wrote about this sudden joy when the seasons change. This poem is quite similar in artistic conception.
The first four sentences of the poem describe the spring scenery on the lake, which is broad in scope. It is derived from the sentence "Gushan"; the last four sentences are dedicated to the scenery of "Eastern Lake", which is attributed to the "White Sand Embankment". In the front, the environment is highlighted first, and then the scene is described; in the back, the scene is described first, and then the environment is highlighted. The poem begins with "Gushan Temple" and ends with "White Sand Embankment", from point to surface, and from surface to point again, with no trace of the transition in between. The wonderful structure is just as Xue Xue pointed out: Lotte's poems "have changes in composition and are well organized" ("Yi Lao Poetry Talk"). This kind of "change" in "composition" is often reflected in the pure brushwork; if you don't observe it carefully, it is difficult to see its "organization".
Although the couplet of "Squandering Flowers" and "Asakusa" also describes a general spring scene, it is closely related to the "White Sand Embankment": in spring, everywhere in the West Lake is green carpet-like tender grass; But this flat and slender white sand embankment is the most visited by tourists. During the Tang Dynasty, the custom of riding horses for spring outings on the West Lake was very popular, and even singers and dancers loved riding horses. The poem uses "no horseshoes" to describe the tender green grass, which is the ready-made scene in front of us.
The use of words such as "chuping", "several places", "whose home", "gradual desire" and "talent" runs through the scenery sentences of the whole poem into a clue, which makes the West Lake in early spring The dots are dyed into half-faced light and even Qiantang Su Xiaoxiao. But this flourishing spring mood is developing rapidly. From the couplet "The wild flowers are gradually enchanting the eyes", another news is revealed: Soon the flowers will bloom everywhere, and Xi Tzu with heavy makeup will soon appear in the mirror on the lake.
Fang Dongshu said that this poem "has interest in the image, and there are people there, and it is no better than a dead sentence." ("Xu Zhao Mei Zhan Yan") This is a poem about scenery, and its beauty is not that The meticulous depiction of exhaustive images lies in embodying the emotions of the scene, describing the harmonious and graceful spring mood, and the concentrated and full feeling given to the poet by the beauty of nature. The so-called "there is excitement in the image, and there are people there"; the so-called "give shape to things, and fill the place" (Wang Ruoxu's "Hunan Poetry") should be understood in this sense. (Ma Maoyuan)
Appreciation 2
A wonderful and immortal poem of landscapes - Appreciation of Bai Juyi's "Spring Tour at Qiantang Lake"
There is a wonderful thing in the world, and that is The encounter between a talented poet and a wonderful landscape. Clear water and green mountains are a masterpiece of nature, but they are like virgins raised in a boudoir, waiting to be discovered by talented poets. Genius poets are talented and beautiful, but their spring-like ideas must find an optimal outlet. The former has been waiting silently, and the latter is also searching hard. Once they meet, the clear water and green mountains will become an excellent object to inspire the poet's creative passion and inspiration, and the talented poet will also discover and vividly depict its unique beauty with a discerning eye, soul and pen that are different from the world. And so, as the fruit of their happy union, the dazzling poem was born. Therefore, the encounter between a talented poet and the wonderful landscape is really a blessing for the landscape, a blessing for the poet, and a blessing for the poetry world and future generations of readers.
There was such a marriage between Bai Juyi, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, and the famous West Lake in Hangzhou. In the second year of Emperor Mu Zong's reign (822), due to deteriorating state affairs and strife between the cliques in the DPRK and China, and despite repeated petitions being ignored, Bai Juyi, who was currently serving as Zhongshu Sheren, applied for a foreign appointment and was appointed as the governor of Hangzhou. Bai Juyi, who has reached the age of "knowing his destiny", is no longer the angry young man who "sings only to make people ill and wants to be known by the emperor". His attitude towards life is more calm, detached and calm, and thus he has a more suitable attitude. The mood is to observe the world, appreciate the mountains and rivers, and taste life. Bai Juyi is no stranger to Hangzhou. When he was a teenager, due to the endless war in his hometown in Henan Province, he went south to join his cousin who was a county captain in Hangzhou and lived here for a while. This sentiment planted in his early years gave him not only a longing for Hangzhou, but also a sense of intimacy. More than thirty years have passed. Are the flowers and trees along the West Lake still as beautiful as before? All this undoubtedly haunted him in his dreams. The appointment to assassinate Hangzhou was exactly what he wanted. He went to take office in an extremely relaxed and joyful mood, and on the way he wrote such a masterpiece of sceneries as "Yin of the Dusk River" (A ray of setting sun spreads over the water). After arriving in Hangzhou, he flourished in poetry and left behind a series of immortal masterpieces depicting the beautiful scenery here. "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake" is one of them:
North of Gushan Temple and west of Jia Pavilion, on the water surface The clouds are low at first.
Early orioles are vying for warmth in several places, and new swallows are pecking at the spring mud.
The wild flowers are becoming more and more charming, and only in Asakusa can there be no horse hooves.
My favorite lake is the east side of the lake, with its green poplar shade and white sand embankment.
This poem is dated to the spring of the third year of Changqing's reign (823). When Bai Juyi arrived in Hangzhou at the end of last year, he probably had a lot of official duties that needed to be handed over urgently. In addition, the winter scenery of the West Lake was not as beautiful as in other seasons, so Bai Juyi did not leave anything to enjoy. After finally waiting until the spring of the second year came, nature had just revealed some news of spring, and Bai Juyi couldn't wait to come to the West Lake.
The first sentence of the poem explains the poet’s starting point for viewing the West Lake. It is also the starting point of the poet’s “spring trip” and determines the angle for the unfolding of the entire picture below. "Gushan" is located between the inner lake and the outer lake of West Lake. It is not connected to other mountains, so it is named. According to Volume 6 of "Tang Yulin" by Wang Can of the Five Dynasties: "In Zhenyuan (785-804), Jia Quan was in Hangzhou and built a pavilion in the West Lake, which was called 'Jia Gong Pavilion'." Bai Juyi's spring trip was only more than 20 years after Jia Quan built the pavilion. , "Jia Gong Pavilion" should still exist, but it is difficult to find traces of it now. According to Bai Juyi's poem, Jia Gongting is roughly on the northwest side of Gushan, so the starting point of Bai Juyi's trip is about the middle section of Beishan Road on the west bank of West Lake today. Anyone who has been to the West Lake knows that this is a good angle to enjoy the scenery of the West Lake. From here, people's line of sight can be extended like a fan. They can not only see the inner West Lake clearly at a glance, but also see the wider and far-reaching surface of the outer West Lake through the white embankment. There are near and far, virtual and real, and the beautiful scenery of the West Lake can be taken in. In eyes.
The second sentence is always written. When the poet came to the lake, he naturally looked around in order to have a complete grasp of the scene of the West Lake at this time. I saw that the spring water was coming, and the lake surface changed from being shallow and dry in winter to becoming full and swaying, seeming to contain infinite vitality. "Initial level" is not necessarily the most full, but it means that it is still in the ascendant and has the momentum to continue to rise. This is a sight that can arouse more excitement among viewers than reaching stable saturation. Because the best time of a thing is not necessarily when it reaches its peak state, but often when it is vigorous and upward. The drooping cloud legs are also a unique sight in spring. It seems that it may rain suddenly at any time, giving birth to all things. In short, spring is here, everything in nature wakes up from hibernation, becomes so active, and is constantly changing.
What is more worthy of consideration is the poet's writing style. Whether it is explaining the viewing standpoint or describing the overall scene on the lake, he does not describe it rigidly. When writing about location, he goes north and then west; when writing about scenery, he goes up and down. It changes left and right, echoes up and down, and is full of ups and downs. It vaguely reveals the poet's excitement and leisure, affectionate and calm viewing mentality, and sets a relaxed and lively emotional tone for the whole poem.
If the first couplet depicts the mountains, temples, clouds and water of the West Lake like a long shot, then the chin couplet retracts the gaze and performs partial close-ups, deliberately depicting the flowers and birds of the West Lake in early spring. The poet still does not make a rigid and static description, but uses a questioning tone to express it. When writing about early warblers fighting for trees, asking "how many places", it is obvious that it is not everywhere; when writing about new swallows pecking at the mud, asking "whose house", it is obvious that it is not everywhere. This not only accurately depicts the unique scenery of early spring in a very measured and precise manner, but also the poet himself is sometimes fascinated by the early warblers fighting for the trees, and sometimes attracted by the passing swallows. He is completely immersed in this early spring scenery of singing and dancing swallows. The postures and expressions of shock, doubt, joy and laughter are also vividly displayed before the readers. Fang Dongshu commented on this poem that "there is excitement in the image, and there are people there, no more dead lines" (quoted by Gao Buying, "Tang and Song Poems"), and he deeply understood the samadhi in it.
In the two lines of the neck couplet, the poet slightly opens his eyes again, as if observing from a middle distance, and then focuses on writing about the flowers and plants of the West Lake in early spring. The Yingyan in the first couplet is flying nimbly, but the poet is basically motionless, looking left and right, looking around. The flowers and plants in this couplet are still, but the poet still refuses to describe them as still. He turned his back on himself and let himself move, watching the flowers, so the motionless flowers and plants also started to move.
If we don’t understand the change of moving and immobile positions between the poet and the scenery, we can’t understand why flowers are “random flowers” ??and how they can be charming to the eye; why “Asakusa” comes as “no” or “horse’s hoof” instead of “ "Horse hoof" tramples "Asakusa". In fact, the flowers are not "messy", nor are they intended to attract the eye. This is just the subjective feeling of the poet as he rides through the flowers. The scenery in the first four sentences is moving, but the entire picture itself is not moving. In this couplet, the scenery in the picture is basically motionless, but the entire picture switches rapidly, forming a kind of interlacing of movement and stillness. At the same time, "gradual desire", "talent" and "chuping" echo each other, once again highlighting the characteristics of the early spring scenery.
In the two last couplets, the poet returns his sight to the distant Baishadi and the east of the lake, depicting the overall outline of the West Lake to echo the first couplet and make the content of the whole poem more complete. If the first six sentences are all actual writing, then these two sentences are virtual writing; if the first six sentences are said to contain feelings within the scenery, then these two sentences are feelings within the scenery. The poet finally couldn't restrain the joyful attachment in his heart and confessed his "favorite". At the same time, it also leads the reader's eyes to a broader realm, where the dike marks are faint and the green trees are hidden. Everything is so beautiful and hazy. Readers can use their imagination and make rich associations based on appreciating the various scenery in front. The virtual and the real complement each other, and the artistic conception of the whole poem has been expanded.
What we can analyze is the technique of this poem, and the poet may have used these techniques either through careful planning or without thinking. But technique alone cannot produce good poetry. The perfect combination of Bai Juyi's incomparable love for nature and immortal talent with the beautiful scenery of West Lake is the fundamental reason why this poem, one of the most beautiful movements to sing about West Lake, came out. Hangzhou West Lake is famous all over the world, which is inseparable from the moving praises given to it by many literati. In this group, we will never forget Bai Juyi, nor will we forget this song "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake". (Liao Kebin)
Appreciation Three
Spring Paradise Scenery of Orioles Singing and Swallows Dancing in the West Lake
A Guest in the Flower Room of the Romantic Prefecture in Colorful Colors
——Bai Juyi's seven-rhythm poem " Appreciation of "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake"
Bai Juyi was appointed as the governor of Hangzhou in July of the second year of Changqing (822 AD), and in March of the first year of Baoli (825 AD) He served as the assassin of Suzhou, so this poem "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake" should have been written in the spring of the third or fourth year of Changqing. Qiantang Lake is another name for West Lake.
In Chinese history, it can be said that there are many celebrities who served as assassins in the paradise Hangzhou, but the most famous ones are Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo, the two great writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Not only did they leave political achievements in Hangzhou that will be remembered by future generations, but they also handed down many poems, articles, and anecdotes describing the beautiful scenery of Hangzhou and West Lake, so some people call them "Romantic Prefects." Bai Juyi's seven-character "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake" is a well-known poem. This poem not only describes the beautiful spring scenery of the West Lake and the vitality of all things in the world bathed in the spring scenery, but also intoxicates the poet himself in this beautiful scenery. The state of mind in the beautiful scenery of the good time is put together. While enjoying the intoxicating scenery of West Lake, people are also deeply infected and moved by the author's passion for spring and life without knowing it.
"North of Gushan Temple and west of Jia Pavilion, the water surface is initially flat and the clouds are low." The first sentence of the poem is the location, and the second sentence is the distant view. Gushan is located between the back lake and the outer lake of West Lake. It has verdant peaks and mountains, and there is Gushan Temple on it. The scenery when climbing up is breathtaking. Jia Ting is also called Jia Gong Pavilion. According to Volume 6 of "Tang Yulin", in the Zhenyuan Dynasty, when Jia Quan was appointed as the governor of Hangzhou, he built a pavilion in the West Lake. Hangzhou people called it Jia Gong Pavilion. It was abandoned fifty or sixty years later. Zhenyuan is the reign name of Tang Dezong, from 780 to 805 AD. When Bai Juyi wrote this poem, the pavilion was still there and it was considered a scenic spot in West Lake. Bai Juyi first came to the north of Gushan Temple and the west bank of Jia Gong Pavilion. Looking around, he saw rippling spring water, low clouds, and a panoramic view of lakes and mountains. "Chuping" expresses Bai Juyi's unique feelings about the West Lake in spring. Due to the continuous spring rain, the lake surface now seems to have risen a lot compared to winter, and it seems to be level with the line of sight. This feeling of water level with the line of sight can only be experienced by people facing a vast body of water. The feeling is also something that can only be written by a person who has a deep understanding and love for West Lake. At this moment, the calm water under the feet and the low clouds in the sky formed a peaceful ink painting of the West Lake. While the poet was silently admiring the quiet and virginal charm of the West Lake, bursts of crisp birdsong came to his ears. The sound broke his contemplation, so he withdrew his sight from the junction of water and cloud, and discovered that he was actually already in a beautiful world full of spring.
"A few early orioles are vying for warmth in the trees, and the swallows are pecking at the new mud. The wild flowers are gradually charming the eyes, and the weeds can have no horse hooves." These four lines are the core part of Bai Juyi's poem, that is, The most eye-catching sentence is also the finishing touch of the poem's description of spring, especially the description of spring in West Lake. Several places means several places, or it can even mean multiple places. The use of "zao" to describe the oriole reflects Bai Juyi's sincere love for these vibrant little lives: the oriole on the tree is busy early in the morning to seize the "warm tree" that is the first to see the sun, for fear that it will be unable to catch up soon. . The word "struggle" makes people feel how rare and precious spring is.
And the swallows under the eaves of someone's house were busy making their nests with mud in their mouths. The word "pecking" was used to describe the busy and excited expression of the swallows, which seemed to bring the little swallows to life. These two sentences deliberately depict the dynamics of warblers and swallows, making the whole poem filled with the vitality and vitality of spring. Orioles are recognized as spring singers. Listening to their melodious singing voices makes people feel the charm of spring; swallows are migratory birds. They return to their hometowns with spring and are busy rebuilding their homes and welcoming a new life. Watching them fly Flying in and out of the ground to build a nest makes people feel the beauty of life even more.
After vividly anthropomorphizing the birds in the sky, Bai Juyi turned his attention to the vegetation at his feet, "The flowers are gradually charming the eyes, and only Asakusa has no horse hooves." This is also a story. Lianji's descriptions of scenes that are full of emotion and vitality fully demonstrate Bai Juyi's meticulous observation of the objects he describes and his ability to accurately grasp their characteristics. Flowers are so messy that they can even bewilder the eyes of flower appreciators. This kind of writing is rarely seen in other people's poems. However, this unique feeling is exactly what Bai Juyi experienced when he was appreciating the scenery of the West Lake. , colorful flowers bloomed all over the mountains and fields. Against the backdrop of the lakes and mountains, they were in various shapes and colors. Bai Juyi simply didn’t know where to turn his eyes, and he couldn’t tell the difference between them. He just felt that his eyes were dazzled and his mind was dazzled. I'm also fascinated. It's so beautiful that I can't take it all. The sentence "The flowers are gradually enchanting the eyes" refers to stopping and taking a closer look, while "Asakusa can only be without horse hooves", it is already an outing on horseback. On the bank of the West Lake with green grass and blooming flowers, with two or three friends, the horse is free to rein in the reins. It must be such a pleasant thing to travel around the mountains and scenery freely. The horse seemed to have realized the relaxed and leisurely mood of the owner on its back, so it took its time to step on the green grass. Long white embankment. When the poet was pointing at the lakes and mountains and wandering around the scenery, he accidentally caught a glimpse of the horse's hooves rising and falling on the grass, disappearing and appearing. He found it particularly interesting and couldn't help but write it into the poem. Unexpectedly, it was This random stroke adds so much liveliness and elegance to the whole poem. The famous esthetician Belinsky once said, "No matter in which case, beauty comes from the depths of the soul, because the scenes of nature cannot be absolutely beautiful. This beauty is hidden in creating or observing them." "In the soul of that person." Bai Juyi's "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake" exactly illustrates this truth of aesthetic appreciation. Because no matter how beautiful the scenery of the West Lake is, there will be some unsatisfactory aspects, but in Bai Juyi's eyes, it is undoubtedly the most beautiful scenery in the world, because he is not only good at observing, but also better at discovering and experiencing. Nowadays, we often have the experience that sightseeing is worse than listening to the scenery, or we hear about it from friends, or see it in film and television scenery films. We hear and see that the scenic spots and landscapes are so beautiful that we can’t help but feel infinite yearning in our hearts. But often once we are there, , facing the real mountains and rivers, I felt that it was far less moving and beautiful than expected. This is because we cannot look at natural landscapes with a perspective of discovery and appreciation, but with a preconceived and overly high and even somewhat picky perspective when visiting mountains and rivers. Just imagine how many times the West Lake has shown people wonderful spring scenery throughout the ages? And how many people have witnessed the spring beauty of West Lake? But in the end, we can still only recite a few works by a few great poets. Could it be that West Lake only showed its astonishing beauty like a peacock in full bloom when a great literary giant like Su Dongpo came to visit? The birds in the West Lake can only "fight for the warm trees" and "pecking at the spring mud" when they are in front of the great poet Bai Juyi? In fact, no matter when and where, the West Lake is the most beautiful. Don’t we also know this famous saying: "If the West Lake is compared with the West, it is always better to wear heavy makeup and light makeup."
It is because of this that Bai Juyi has such a Only with the rare appreciation of an esthetician can one be able to discern the beauty of West Lake among countless tourists and truly enjoy this paradise on earth given to mankind by nature. Bai Juyi did not see many "Early Warblers" and "New Swallows", only "a few places" and only "someone's home". If it were us, we might still miss the "Early Warbler" and "New Swallow" because we didn't go to "Everywhere" to hear the Warbler and "Every Home". "It is the season of Yan, and I feel regretful. I wish I had come ten days and a half later. But Bai Juyi doesn't think so. There are advantages to having less. It is precisely because of being few that it is the "early warbler" and the "new swallow", and only then can there be a joy of sensing the arrival of spring. If the poet does not have a young mentality and love The mind of life and spring may not be moved and intoxicated by these few heralds of spring, and happily write this moving poem. It is precisely because of this that he can smell the fragrance of flowers, see the beauty of grass, be fascinated by the various wild flowers dotted everywhere, and sigh at the grass that is not covered by horse hooves. If you think about it carefully, grass that is not covered by horseshoes is actually the most common. To see such a lawn, you don’t have to rush to the West Lake in spring. It can be found in the green space on our streets. However, there is a green space between us and the lawn. There is probably an eye-catching sign: "Please do not trample on the grass." Therefore, everything is closer to nature, and in an instant, it becomes a serious warning. However, people in today's cities pay more attention to natural landscapes than man-made ones. The landscape's indifference or indifference can be forgiven.
However, Bai Juyi is lucky, because he has a pair of eyes that discover beauty and spring, so he can't help himself in the beautiful scenery of the West Lake, and even lingers: "My favorite lake is eastward, the green poplars White sand embankment in the shade.
"The White Sand Embankment, also known as the White Embankment or the Broken Bridge Embankment, is surrounded by mountains on three sides of the West Lake and runs through the middle of the White Embankment. It is located in the east of the lake and takes over the entire lake. When Bai Juyi was appointed as the governor of Hangzhou, he did build it. The embankment stores water and irrigates people's fields, but the embankment is north of Qiantang Gate. However, later generations often mistakenly think that Bai Di was built by the Bai family.
This poem is like a short and concise travel note. Starting from Gushan and Jiating, ending at Hudong and Baidi, along the way, in the beautiful paradise-like scenery of green lakes and green mountains, you can enjoy the singing and dancing of orioles, and be intoxicated by the singing of birds and the fragrance of flowers. Finally, you can walk along the white sand embankment with unfinished content. Under the green shade of the willows, I turned back three times and left reluctantly. The hymn of spring played by all things in the world was still echoing in my ears, and a song full of the joy of natural integration flowed out in my heart. The beautiful poem "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake" comes from
In fact, Bai Juyi's keen observation and experience of spring or beautiful things expressed in this poem is very popular among many ancient poets. It is common. Only in this way can they, like Bai Juyi, discover with joy when spring just comes to the world, and be moved by it, arouse their desire to create, write touching poems, and leave them to future generations. With rich aesthetic enjoyment, like Bai Juyi, you will not feel sorry because there are only a few orioles singing in the trees and only a few swallows building nests under the eaves. Instead, you will feel that the footsteps of spring are getting closer and closer. There are many examples of people who felt extremely happy and wrote such touching poems as "Where are the early orioles vying for the warm trees, and where are the swallows pecking at the new mud?" For example, Han Yu has a famous poem describing early spring, which is also not a praise. The beautiful scenery of spring, but it shows people a scene full of vitality and hope. The name of the poem is "Early Spring Presents the Water Department Zhang Shiba Yuanwai". Han Yu wrote two poems in one day. We might as well tell everyone. Introducing the first song:
The light rain on the street is as moist as crisp,
The color of the grass looks far away, but there is nothing close.
The most beautiful thing about spring is,
Jue Sheng Yan Liu Man Huangdu
This poem was written to his friend Zhang Ji, a member of the Ministry of Water Resources. Zhang Ji was the eighteenth among his brothers, so he was called "Zhang Shiba". "This kind of title was very popular in the Tang Dynasty. Everyone is familiar with Gao Shi's "Ren Ri Send Du Er Supplements" (Du Fu), and Wang Wei's poem "Send Yuan Er Envoy to Anxi" is even more famous. Han Yu's The most wonderful line of the poem is the second sentence, "The color of grass looks far away but there is nothing there." Imagine that in the early spring in the north, the spring is cold and cold. In the eyes of ordinary people, there is no trace of spring, but after a silent spring rain. , everything is different. On the earth, the grass has begun to crawl out of the ground impatiently, sprouting slender buds. Although they are so inconspicuous, even when you bend down to observe carefully, you can't see them. Seeing the green of life, Han Yu captured the image of the earliest heralds of spring. They were not the catkins flying in the sky, nor the eye-catching peach blossoms on the trees, but the obscure grasses, so innocuous. Publicity, but working together, everyone comes out together, so that people can look from a distance and see the green mountains and fields full of vitality. What an exciting and ubiquitous spring scenery! Han Yu was deeply touched by this, so he couldn't help but tell his friends that this is the most beautiful scenery in the four seasons of the year, and it is also the most cherished time of the year. Compared with the spring gardens and fireworks, there is something more What a charming charm and scenery. This is the reason why spring is the time of year, and the most beautiful spring scenery is in early spring. So to this day, we can't help but chant "The best thing about spring is the most beautiful thing in the year, and it is better than the smoke and willows all over the emperor's capital."
Appreciation 4
This is a poem about admiring the scenery of the West Lake. It is a famous poem in Bai Juyi's landscape poems. It was written in the spring of the third or fourth year of Changqing's reign when Bai Juyi was appointed governor of Hangzhou. Qiantang Lake, now West Lake in Hangzhou, was named after it was located in Qiantang County in the Qin Dynasty. Spring trip, walk around the lake in spring and enjoy the scenery. This poem closely follows the characteristics of the environment and seasons, describing the West Lake in early spring as full of vitality.
The first four sentences describe the spring scenery on the lake, first highlighting the environment, and then describing the scenery; the last four sentences are dedicated to describing the scenery east of the lake, and then highlighting the environment. The connection between front and back is very natural.
"To the north of Gushan Temple and to the west of Jia Ting, the water surface is initially flat and the clouds are low." It means: from the north of Gushan Temple to the west of Jia Ting, the newly raised lake water is level with the shore, and is in line with the low clouds. In one piece. Gushan is located in the West Lake, dividing the West Lake into two lakes, inside and outside. There is a temple on the mountain, named Gushan Temple, which was built during the Tianjia period of Emperor Chen Wen of the Southern Dynasty. The place is quiet and beautiful, making it a tourist attraction in the lake. Jia Ting was built by Jia Quan, a native of the Tang Dynasty, when he was the governor of Hangzhou. The first sentence makes it clear that the poet's spring outing started from the Gushan Temple and Jiating area. The second sentence describes the poet looking at the lake. The spring water has newly risen and is almost level with the shore, so it is said to be "early level"; the clouds in the sky are low and close to the water, so it is said to be "the clouds are low".
“A few early orioles are vying for a warm tree, whose new swallows are pecking at the spring mud.” It means: I saw several early spring orioles vying to fly to a sunny tree, and I don’t know whose family is building a nest with mud in their mouths. New swallow? These two sentences describe the weather in early spring based on the changes in animals. The oriole is the singer of spring, and the swallow is a migratory bird, flying from the south in spring. Therefore, people often use "singing orioles and dancing swallows" and "green leaves and red flowers" to describe the scene of spring. "Struggle for warm trees" and "Peck at spring mud" accurately describe the seasonal characteristics of early spring when it is warm and then cold. The whole picture is lively, interesting and full of vitality.
"Several places" and "whose house" also capture the "degree" of bird activity in early spring, which reminds people of the wonderful "one branch" in Qi Ji's poem "Early Plum" in "In the deep snow in the front village, a branch bloomed last night" at.
"The wild flowers gradually fascinate the eyes, and the shallow grass has no horse hooves." It means: the wild flowers on the shore gradually fascinate tourists; the light green grass on the road can only cover the horses' hooves. These two sentences describe the scene of early spring from the changes of plants. Random flowers refer to various unknown wild flowers. "Charming eyes" refers to the dazzling variety of wildflower colors and shapes. "Gradually desire" is used very accurately, indicating that it is not "wild flowers everywhere", but means gradually blooming and blooming. Asakusa, the newly grown grass, "without horse hooves" not only describes the shallowness of the grass, but also highlights the activities of horseback riding in the spring. The use of words such as "chuping", "several places", "whose family", "gradual desire" and "talent" runs through the scenery sentences in the whole poem as a clue, dyeing the West Lake in early spring into half a surface of light and even colors. Su Xiaoxiao in Qiantang reminds people of Su Shi's famous line in "Drinking on the Lake at First Sunny and Later Rain" "If you want to compare the West Lake to the West, it is always better to put on light makeup and heavy makeup." The "spring" scenery here is neither elusive like "the grass looks far away but not close up", nor is it the dim spring feeling like "the mountains are green and the rivers are white instead". It just gives people a message: the place will soon be in full bloom. The West Lake, which has just been wrapped in the coat of spring, was grasped just right by the poet.
"My favorite part of the lake is the east side of the lake, the white sand embankment in the shade of green poplars." It means: I like the beautiful scenery in the east of the lake the most. Sightseeing on the white sand embankment in the shade of green poplars makes people forget to leave. . The poet traveled on horseback, from the Gushan Temple area to the white sand embankment in the east of the lake. The wild flowers on the shore, the young grass on the road, and the green trees on both sides of the embankment made him deeply feel the breath of spring after winter. I still have the joy of enjoying spring.