The poem "The fresh leaves in the forest are stirring up the old leaves, and the waves in front of the flowing water give way to the waves behind" come from the poem "Lots of Love in Seeing the Weakness of the World". Uncle Hui and the three gentlemen all have deep differences. This poem is based on send". The straightforward meaning of the poem is: New leaves in the fragrant forest constantly replace the old ones, and the front waves in the flowing water always give way to the back waves. What philosophy does it contain? Nature always maintains vitality and continuity in this never-ending metabolism, and so does human beings. It contains simple dialectical thinking.
Source
"The Poetry of Lotte Expressing His Sorrow, Uncle Hui and the Three Gentlemen All Have Deep Differences, This is the Poetry to Send"——Liu Yuxi
Original text
The two quatrains of chanting about the passing of the king made me sad and played a short song.
There are few people in the world who are surprised by the deceased, but there are many memorial tributes.
The new leaves in the fragrant forest urge the old leaves, and the waves in the flowing water give way to the waves behind.
How can we share this hatred from all eternity to this day, and shed tears when we hear the piano.
Translation 1
The two quatrains that lament your passing make me sad and play a short song.
There is panic in the sky, so there are few people, and only the culture of sacrifice is concentrated.
The fragrant new leaves urge the old leaves, and the waves in front of the flowing water give way to the waves behind.
I feel this regret for all eternity. I heard that Qin Lei was thinking about what to do.
Translation 2
Reciting your two quatrains in mourning for your deceased friend made me write this short song with sadness in my heart.
I marvel in vain that there are fewer and fewer old friends in the world, but I feel that there are more and more tributes in the collection.
New leaves in the forest are constantly replacing old ones, and the front waves always give way to the back waves in the flowing water.
From ancient times to the present, everyone has the regret of mourning the deceased. Even if you shed all your tears for your deceased friend, what will happen?
Keyword Notes
1. Insight: Show me. Injury: mourning. Wei Zhi: That is Yuan Zhen, who died as an official in Wuchang Army. Dun Shi: That is Cui Qun, who was the Minister of the Ministry of Officials at the end of his official career. Uncle Hui: Cui Xuanliang, who ended his official career as the governor of Guozhou. Deep division: deep friendship.
2. Double quatrains: refers to Bai Juyi's "Wei Zhidun's poem Hui Shu's passing away for a long time, but he hurt himself and became two quatrains". The first one says: "We have lost the couple of 铓鸸鸾 and the body of the elk is left empty. We should only go down to Songluo and live as a solitary traveler." The second one says: "Mr. Changye will go first. How old will I be? The autumn wind fills my sleeves, and I can walk under the spring." There are many old friends. ”
3. Collection: Anthology. Sacrifice: An article in memory of the deceased. The article about Liu Yuxi paying homage to the three people no longer exists.
4. Fanglin: the forest in spring when the flowers are blooming.
5. This hatred: refers to the hatred caused by the death of friends one after another.
6. Wenqin: a metaphor for close friends. ?
Creative background
This poem was written in the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty (833), when Liu Yuxi was appointed governor of Suzhou. Yuan Zhen died in July of the fifth year of Yamato (831), Cui Qun died in August of the sixth year (832), and Cui Xuanliang died in July of the seventh year (833). These three people are not only friends of Bai Juyi, but also friends of Liu Yuxi. After the three people died one after another, Bai Juyi wrote two mournful quatrains and sent them to Liu Yuxi. Liu Yuxi felt the same after reading them, so he wrote this poem as a response.
Appreciation of Works
The first couplet narrates the origin of the poem and highlights the title. "Sadness" summarizes the author's grief; "short song" refers not only to the short length, but also to the sadness of the song, because the lyrics of the famous poem "Dan Ge Xing" by predecessors all have a sense of sadness. "Yin" and "Shi" echo, "Jun" and "I" are related, and the reason for "sadly playing a short song" shows that "Jun" and "I" are both grieving for the deceased with "deep feelings", and "taking the dead" "Double Quatrains" is too sad, which makes me sad, and also makes me worry about "Jun" (Bai Juyi was sixty-two years old at the time and sickly). This leads to the following two meanings of mourning and consolation, which determines that this poem has more consolation than mourning, reflecting the author's true feelings and painstaking efforts.
The chin couplet carries the words "sadness" and "sadness", directly expressing the grief for the long passing of an old friend. The author was in the same year as Bai Juyi. When he saw his friends such as Lu Wen, Liu Zongyuan, Yuan Zhen, Cui Qun, Cui Xuanliang, etc., passing away one by one, he couldn't bear to leave but couldn't stop talking, so he put it in a polite way. The sentence "in the world" contains "few old friends" to reflect the large number of dead people, and "empty shock" means that the living are shocked and helpless about this. The "concentration" sentence means that there are many deceased people from the side of "many sacrificial texts", and "weijue" means that the sacrificer has experienced too much and is particularly deep and painful, and his spirit seems to be in a trance. Instead of enjoying the joy of life with friends, we have no choice but to watch them pass away one after another. We can only express the sorrow of death to them through memorial poems one after another, which are deeply painful. This hatred of life and death is as strong as Bai Juyi's as a poet; as a philosopher, he has his own penetrating insights.
The neck couplet uses two profound metaphors to explain from the perspective of the development and change of things: the fragrance of the forest is always fresh because new leaves constantly urge the old leaves to fall; the long-lasting flow of water does not rot, This is because the front wave keeps avoiding the back wave. Nature always maintains vitality and continuity in this never-ending metabolism, and so do humans. This couplet forms a warning and inspires the whole article. It contains simple dialectical thoughts and has far-reaching implications.
The last couplet advances from vast space to infinite time, from nature to human beings, highlighting the theme of comfort. Throughout the ages, this kind of hatred of separation from relatives and friends has been common to people and cannot be avoided, because human life and death are just like the metabolism of nature.
Sentient people understand this and do not need to hurt themselves. Shedding tears in mourning for their deceased friends is of no use to the living and the dead, so they should cherish themselves. Finally, he used questions to tactfully comfort him, once again showing his deep affection for his close friend Bai Juyi.
This poem is full of deep mourning for the deceased friend and affectionate consolation for the close friend. It shows the attitude of this "poetry hero", a writer and philosopher, towards life, death and friendship. The whole poem is deep in emotion and lofty in intention. It is euphemistic in writing but vivid in image. It is heroic and cheerful in the sadness and implicitness, which reflects the characteristics of Liu Yuxi's poetry. ?
Wu Zaiqing, Professor of the Chinese Department of Xiamen University, "Collection of Liu Yuxi": This poem "There are few old friends in the world, but there are many tributes" best express Liu Yuxi's feelings at this time, and he is also one of the oldest people in the world. In his later years, Shi felt deep pain. In fact, this is also the sorrow of life, which is what the poem calls "the same hatred throughout the ages." This was the case with ancient people such as Cao Cao, Lu Ji and others. The two lines in the poem, "The new leaves in the forest urge the old leaves, and the waves in the running water give way to the waves behind" summarize the irresistible phenomenon of nature. They are also like the laws of human metabolism, which cannot be changed by human will. It can be described as an aphorism. These two sentences can be regarded as the poet's helpless sadness, and at the same time, they can also be regarded as the poet's open-minded masturbation and comforting words for understanding the laws of natural life. They can express the open-minded and open-minded side of Liu Yuxi's character and thought as a poet. .
About the author
Liu Yuxi (772-842), courtesy name Mengde, Han nationality, was born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou) in the Tang Dynasty of China. His ancestral home was Luoyang. He was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. Claiming to be a descendant of King Jing of Shanzhong Mountain in Hanzhong, he was a former supervisory censor and a member of Wang Shuwen's political reform group. A famous poet in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, he was known as the "Poetry Hero". His family is a scholarly family with Confucianism passed down from generation to generation. He advocated political innovation and was one of the central figures in the political innovation activities of Wang Shuwen School. Later, Yongzhen's reform failed and he was demoted to Sima of Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan). According to Mr. Zhou Xinguo, a historian and collector in Changde, Hunan, Liu Yuxi was demoted to Sima of Langzhou and wrote the famous "Spring View of Han Shou City" during his demotion.