Looking for chapters and excerpts from old carvings, the dawn moon is like a curtain hanging with a jade bow.
If I don’t see the sea every year, how can I cry about the autumn wind.
A popular short poem is like an exquisite bonsai. Its profound meaning and rich charm can arouse the viewer's endless artistic associations and feel the existence of beauty. Li He's "Seven Absolute Similar Bonsais" can be regarded as an excellent work that is inspiring and full of vitality.
Anyone who understands the background of writing the poems "South Garden" knows that due to the poison of social prejudice and feudal consciousness, jealous people used the excuse of avoiding family taboos to block Li He's path to the imperial examination. . This was a blow to the head for a scholar who was quick-thinking, had few literary names, and had great ambitions. The blow was quite heavy. In addition, his experience as a "concubine" during his three years in Kyoto gave him a clearer understanding of the feudal ruling group and a deeper understanding of social reality. With a feeling of sorrow, anger and resentment, he returned to his hometown to live in seclusion, reflecting on the hardships and miserable experiences in life. He was always writing poems, chanting and singing, to vent his inner injustice. The first two sentences of this poem are the author's own life experience, expressing the sorrow of a talented person being abandoned and his ambition being fulfilled. A scholar in the feudal era had to study hard and study hard for a long time before he gained fame. As the saying goes, "his mouth is constantly reciting articles on the six arts, and his hands are constantly writing about hundreds of schools of thought." However, there are many people with Confucian titles and commoners, but few people who work in the world. Most of them are poor and depressed, and they have been sinking their whole lives. "Looking for chapters and extracting sentences from old eagles" is an image reflection of their unfortunate fate. In his later years, Yang Xiong, a writer of the Western Han Dynasty, believed that Ci and Fu were "little skills" that "strong men could not do" and that they were despised and despised. The first line of the poem is borrowed from an allusion, implying that the deep-seated anger in the heart cannot be suppressed, like a bone in the throat, and it must be vomited. This caused a lot of complaints and an overwhelming momentum. Isn't it, in that decadent society where "qiji lurks and phoenix emperors fly high" and the country is declining day by day, the literature of poems and chapters does nothing to help the world's people and people. Therefore, the poor scholars have become redundant members of society and have been thrown into oblivion. In the corner, he lived a lonely life like "a lonely Yang Ziju, with a book on the bed every year". Your efforts are wasted, your years are wasted, and you end up growing old among paper and ink. It can be seen that the image of "old eagle" in the poem contains personal bitterness and the misfortune of the times! The second sentence is about the scene. By briefly describing the scene of the scholar reading at night, the profound connotation of the first sentence is faintly revealed, and the desolation and loneliness of study life are vividly presented to the readers: The more leaks are about to fade away, and the dawn moon is like this. The bow is hung on the curtain. The cold light shone, the empty room turned white, and there were bursts of chill. But the scholar who stayed up all night was still working tirelessly, reading famous chapters, reciting beautiful words, composing sentences, composing poems and compositions. However, the scholar's eagerness to learn and the spirit of hard work and self-motivation look so ridiculous and incongruous in the face of the world where reading is useless and elegance has declined.
The abnormality of things is often the most indispensable form of examining the essence of things. In the same way, it is more meaningful to understand the true face of society through distorted social phenomena than social normality. Therefore, the first sentence of the poem has a certain suggestiveness, which plays a cornerstone role for the poet to reveal the nature of society and satirize the ugliness of feudal rulers. "If I don't see the sea every year, how can I cry about the autumn wind"? From the pain of his own situation and the difficult experience of the world, the author realizes the social roots that lead to the tragic fate of scholars. The "Liaohai" in the sentence refers to the northeastern border of the Tang Dynasty. Because it includes the vast land of Liaodong and borders the Bohai Sea to the south, it is called Liaohai. From the fourth year of Yuanhe (809) to the seventh year of Yuanhe (809) of Emperor Xianzong, the separatist forces here launched mutinies one after another. The imperial court sent troops to attack the rebels and spent a lot of manpower and material resources, but still could not quell the rebellion. In the era when Li He lived, the country was already in crisis and in dire straits. The local vassal towns held their own troops, and the warriors were domineering and arrogant. Often due to their ambitions, they fight for cities and land, provoke wars, loot, burn and kill, which has become a major public nuisance that cannot be solved by society. Is this not just the only social phenomenon in the Liaohai border area? The poem covers all dynasties and briefly reminds people that the country is in a crisis of great difficulty and turmoil. The feudal ruling group originally only used Confucian scholars to flaunt civility, and used poetry to whitewash peace and beautify itself. Times have passed, the situation has changed, and the rulers no longer have so many concerns. Scholars and scribes were discriminated against and ignored. This was a social consequence accompanying the decline of the feudal dynasty. It brought huge trauma to the very sensitive poet's mind and produced a strong pessimism and sense of loss. The last sentence of the poem is a true reflection of Li He's mentality. The "articles" in the sentence refer to scholars who have the same feelings as myself, but readers of "Crying the Autumn Wind" have different understandings. It is said that "crying the autumn wind" is a synonym for sad autumn. The main idea of ??the poem is that even if Song Yu is good at writing sad autumn, where can he use it? It is also said that "Crying the Autumn Wind" is related to Qu Yuan's "Sorrow for the four winds shaking the grass, and the heart is filled with grievances and hurt internally... The fish trims its scales to say goodbye, and the dragon hides its articles" ("Nine Chapters: Sadness for the Four Winds") Contains quite a lot. In fact, Li He's poems lamenting the hardships of the times and lamenting the decline of scholars are similar to Qu Yuan's poems, so we should not be too attached to them.
This quatrain, which expresses the sorrow and complaint of a talented scholar, is one of the more moving works in the "South Garden" poem series. Its artistic skills are worth exploring by readers. The first is lyrical typicality. In the feudal society, in the era of darkness and darkness, it was difficult for all upright and virtuous people to escape the tragic fate of being left idle, or even being deposed and killed. Therefore, writing about the suffering of misfortune has become a traditional theme of classical poetry.
Although the thoughts and emotions reflected in this poem have the special characteristics of the mid-Tang Dynasty, it has great universal significance in revealing the social roots that caused the bitter and miserable life of feudal scholars. This is the basis for stirring up the emotions in the hearts of ancient readers, and it also has its cognitive value today. Secondly, he is able to control complexity with simplicity, and his lyrical expression has the characteristics of being timeless and implicit. The first two sentences of the poem are connected by the classics and the painting. There are several layers of meaning hidden in the words of self-pity, which increases the information value of the poem. The last two sentences describe the matter in terms of time and place, and use sighs and sighs to root the self-feelings in the complex objective world, which can easily form aesthetic flexibility. Only through the emptiness of the surface can the appreciator understand the hidden spirit and feel an endless sense of irony.