-Appreciation of the ancient poem On the Spring Grass (1)
Wang chuanxue
What is spring? Spring is actually a hazy vision in people's hearts, and it is all the vision and hope for life. "A year's plan lies in spring". In spring, time has just begun. People can plant their dreams on real land bit by bit, watch them sprout, watch them blossom, watch them heading and watch them bear fruit. This process of growth and maturity can be expected.
In nature, grass can best convey the message of spring. Spring grass is the messenger and symbol of spring. In ancient poetry, the image of spring grass is rich in meaning and interesting.
Spring grass, as the messenger of spring, shows the vitality and vigor of spring everywhere in the poet's pen.
Let's look at the spring grass in Xie Lingyun's Climbing the Pool upstairs in the Northern and Southern Dynasties;
I was lying on the pillow, ignorant of the season and climate, and I took a temporary peek.
Listen to the waves with your ears open, and look at the place with your eyes open.
At the beginning of the scene, the wind direction changed, and the new sun became old and cloudy.
Spring grass grows in the pond and garden willows become songbirds.
The whole poem is divided into three levels. On the first floor, I wrote about his ambivalence as a magistrate of Yongjia. Unfortunately, he can neither retire safely like a hidden dragon nor make contributions like a flying swan. On the second floor, it says that he was looking out of the window when he was ill. The third layer writes about his homesickness.
These eight excerpts are the second layer of the whole poem, describing the spring scenery seen when going upstairs. The poet was very ill. Although spring had come, he turned to his pillow. When he was well, he went upstairs and looked out. The pleasure at this time can be imagined. "Tilting one's ears" and "lifting one's eyes" describe the poet's extreme love for natural scenery. The faucet of the pond water wave is worrying if you listen carefully; The remote mountains are rugged, overlooking and relaxing. At present, there is a beautiful scenery: a new scene in early spring is to eliminate the afterwind of winter; The warm sun in the New Year replaces the cold in winter. The pond is surrounded by green grass, and the birds on the willows in the garden are singing happily. "The First Scene" and "Xinyang" are written about the whole feeling, not a virtual pen; The words "pond" and "garden willow" became detailed descriptions of close-ups.
? "Spring grass grows in the pond, willow becomes a songbird" is one of Xie Shi's most famous poems, which has attracted many people's appreciation. At first glance, this couplet (especially the previous sentence) is really ordinary, with no tempering power and nothing special about the scenery. However, it should be noted that it well shows the characteristics of early spring and the poet's mood at that time. The grass around the pond (especially in the sunny places) recovered early and grew fast because of the moisture of the pool water and the cold wind blocking the hillside, and the green was particularly fresh and tender and thriving. But it is so common that most people don't notice it. At the beginning of the poet's long illness, this ordinary scenery suddenly touched him and made him feel the vitality of everything in spring, so this vivid sentence naturally came into being. "The willow in the garden has become a songbird", which means that the newly migrated birds are singing on the willow branches, which is also a subtle change. The two poems show the poet's keen feeling and the oscillation of melancholy mood in the rhythm of spring. Yuan Haowen, a poet in the Yuan Dynasty, said in Thirty Poems: "Spring grass in the pool thanks Jia Chun, and five words are new through the ages", pointing out the subtlety of this sentence in describing spring scenery.
Look at "Grass in Early Spring" written by Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu, it seems nothing:
The rain in Tianjie is as slippery as crisp.
The color of the grass is close in the distance, but not at all.
What is the greatest benefit of spring?
It's better than the smoke willow in the imperial city.
? ("Eighteen Members of Zhang Shui Department in Early Spring")
The light rain is like delicate and lubricated cream, giving people a soft and lubricated feeling. From a distance, even patches of grass seem to be full of foggy green, but when you look closer, it seems to disappear! A faint touch in the distance has disappeared before our eyes. This visual deviation is a "mystery" for poets who are looking for and exploring spring. "The most important thing is the benefits of a spring, which is better than the smoke willow pouring into the imperial city." Now is really the best time in spring. The almost transparent green color in early spring is shallow, faint and hazy, which can only be seen from a distance but difficult to observe; And this delicate and provocative spring scenery is really better than the late spring scenery in Liu Yin!
The spring grass in Xizi Lake in the Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi's Spring Tour in Qiantang has a unique flavor.
Gushan Temple is north of Jiating West.
Low water level and low cloud feet.
Several early songbirds compete for warm trees,
Whose new swallow pecks at spring mud.
? Flowers are becoming more and more charming,
? Only shallow grass can have no horseshoe.
? The lack of eastbound love for the lake,
? Qingyang White Sand Embankment in under the greenwood tree. ?
"Gushan Temple is in the north of Jiating West, and the water level is low." Write about the lake surface of West Lake. Looking from a distance, the spring water rises slowly, and the spring clouds on the horizon gradually hang down, and the water meets the sky. Take a closer look, everything is so fresh, exquisite, lively and smooth. When describing "early warblers" and "new swallows", the poet used "whose home is it" instead of "early warblers everywhere" and "new swallows in every family". Otherwise, there is no need to "warm the trees" and "peck at the spring mud" like flying birds and swallows. How can a Fuchun have such sporadic "several places"? "Flowers are more and more colorful, but shallow grass can have no horseshoe", bloom is becoming more and more popular, and people's eyes are beginning to become blurred and intoxicated in the chaotic world of mortals. In bloom, the grass grew with it, but the grass was not deep enough, and the budding grass just lost its horseshoe. In the face of the vigorous early spring weather, the poet changed his tone after careful description, from a close-up of spring to a straightforward expression: "I love the lack of eastward travel of the lake and the white sand embankment under the shadow of Qingyang." Expressed sincere love for the spring scenery of the West Lake.
Xixi Chuzhou Youcao by Wei, a poet in Tang Dynasty;
Alone, pitied by grass and streams,
There is an oriole singing in the tree.
? The rain brought by the spring tide comes late and urgently,
? Wild crossing, no boat crossing.
This poem was written by Wei when he was the secretariat of Chuzhou in the second year of Jianzhong (78 1). He often walks alone in the country, and Chuzhou on Xixi is his frequent place. The poet likes the tranquility of the Xijiang River. One day he visited Chuzhou on the Xijiang River and wrote this poem.
Poetry about the scenery in late spring. "Pity the grass by the river, and the orioles sing in the deep trees." The poet loves the grass by the river, and the orioles sing in the shade. This is an elegant scenery where beautiful colors and beautiful music are intertwined. At the end of spring, the crowd had passed, and the poet wandered to the stream, only to find a piece of grass growing. Here the grass is deep and the trees are deep, revealing the coolness of the realm. Although they are not as charming as flowers, their green posture, their self-indulgent loneliness and their refusal to keep pace with the times are all in line with the poet's quiet personality and naturally win the poet's love. The word "solitary pity" here is full of emotion, which is the poet's unique feeling. It reveals the poet's carefree and peaceful state of mind. The first sentence, write quietly; The second sentence reads. Lin Ying sings gracefully and glides in the depths of the forest. Yingying seems to have broken the silence and leisure just now, but in fact it has caused deeper ripples in the poet's quiet heart. The word "Shang" is written at the beginning of the second sentence, which is not only a time-space transfer of objective scenery, but also an open-minded and open-minded poet.
? The next two sentences focus on the wilderness and wilderness scenery. "The spring tide brings rain late, and there is no boat crossing in the wild." In the evening, the spring tide rises and the spring rain falls, and the water in Xijian suddenly sees fast. Originally desolate and indifferent country ferry, it is increasingly difficult to find people at the moment, and only empty boats go with the flow. "Spring tide" and "rain" are connected by the word "belt", as if rain came with the tide, and the dynamics of tide and rain were written by the word "urgency". At the end of the sentence, the word "nobody" is used to explain the "wildness" of the ferry. The scenes described in the two poems are somewhat bleak, but the word "self" embodies leisure and complacency. These two sentences set off a leisurely and quiet scene with the trend of flying and flowing. It can be said that there are pictures in the poem and feelings in the scene.
Sleeping in the grass on a sunny day, smelling the grass and looking at the white clouds and blue sky should be the most pleasant thing. In the Tang Dynasty, the monk Gao Jiaoran wrote in "Caotang on the Topic Lake":
Mountain houses can't buy mountains,
There are thousands of peaks on the lake, and everything is idle.
Grass and white clouds kept me alive,
What is the most important thing in the world?
The first sentence says seclusion, not in the mountains. "Buy Mountain" uses the story of Zhi Dun buying mountain. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Pai Diao" contains: "Zhi Dao Lin (Dun) because people buy Yinshan Mountain, Shen Gong said with a smile:' I don't know the nest when I buy a mountain'." Later, "buying a mountain" meant seclusion. Brush the middle, that is, brush the mountain, in Shengzhou City, Zhejiang Province today.
The poet thinks that seclusion doesn't have to be in a famous mountain, and the lake is also a good place for seclusion. This poem praises the beautiful environment of the lake house and the quiet island on the lake. "Let me live in the fragrant grass and white clouds", and write the deep feelings of the fragrant grass and white clouds in an anthropomorphic way, as if to leave the poet and live here. It shows the poet's sincere love for the fresh and comfortable seclusion environment.
Wang Anshi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote The Boat Topic, describing the comfort of sleeping with grass.
Love this river until sunset.
Sleeping on the yellow calf grass and sitting on the beach in Bai Ou.
The title of this poem is "The Topic of the Boat", but it is not about the boat, but about the scenery along the river where the boat is located, and about his behavior and feelings on the river.
The first word of the first sentence shows your attitude towards the riverside scenery: love! To what extent do you love? Stay until sunset. The last two sentences specifically describe the "lingering" thing. ?
On the banks of the river, there are green grasslands and idle cows, some are grazing, and some are lying idle. This grassland is usually dominated by cattle, and this grassland belongs to cattle. Today the poet came, lying on the grass, looking up at the white clouds in the sky and listening to the flowing water in the river. He is in a corner of the grass, and the cattle are still around him, getting along calmly. The poet's small piece of grass was separated from the cow, so he said, "Sleep with the yellow calf grass."
On the beach by the water, when no one comes, Bai Ou gathers together. Someone was sitting on it, but Bai Ou didn't dare to come, just watching from a distance. The beach originally belonged to Bai Ou, and now the poet is sitting here, but didn't he occupy the beach belonging to Bai Ou? It's called "Occupy Bai Ou Sandy Land".
In fact, these two sentences also describe the poet's shepherd's heart and his harmonious state with foreign objects.
Re-reading Li Dongyang s Knocking on the Door;
Spring waves suddenly arrive at night, and the gurgling stream is full.
Li Jing piled up the sand and sat watching the grass grow short.
"Huanmen", namely Huanmen Bridge, is located at the entrance of Crescent River in Qianhai, Beijing. Xiangzha Bridge is a stone bridge connected with sluice, also called "sluice bridge". It is named after the waterfall sound when the river flows through the bridge gate. The poet lives near the ringing door. In the poem, the waves come suddenly at night and the streams are full. The official in charge of the sluice bridge came from the sand and sat there watching the grass on the shore shorten because of the rising water level. In a few words, he wrote the beautiful scenery beside the fragrant residue bridge, which showed the poet's comfort when enjoying the scenery and relaxing.
Although grass is good, it has many admirable places. For example, the grass in Chun Lv is yellow in autumn. It is dry and glorious. Why did it ever get tired of fame and fortune? Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, has the reputation of "spring grass is unknown, velvet is far away"; Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said, "The rainy night has come, and I wonder how the spring grass grows.". Li Dongyang, a poet in the Ming Dynasty, said, "After a long journey, the Ye Ping Plateau is endless. It is also a praise for the general spring scenery, which attracts the east wind every year "("Spring Grass "). These poems praise the elegance of grass embellishing spring scenery without asking for a solution.