The endless grass on the plain comes and goes with each season.
How lush the long grass is. Every autumn and winter, the grass in spring is yellow and thick.
Wildfire never completely devoured them, and they grew taller again in the spring breeze.
Ruthless wildfires can only burn dead leaves, and the spring breeze blows the earth green.
Sweet they pressed on the old highway and reached the crumbling gate.
Weeds and wildflowers pave the ancient road, and your journey is at the end of the grass under the sun.
Oh, my friend's prince, you left again, and I heard them sigh behind you.
I once again sent off my bosom friend, and the thick grass represented my deep affection.
A brief analysis of this poem is the author's childhood work, but also a masterpiece at that time. The whole poem is rigorous in structure and fresh in style. By praising the weeds in the wilderness, the author's enterprising spirit is reflected.
2. Grass represents many images in ancient poems. Please use a poem to prove: "Herbs are heartless, but in a specific environment and in a special state of mind, they are also infected with a specific emotional color and have a specific meaning."
The author's understanding of images is correct, but the author did not explain and analyze this specific environment and special mood in the article, which made the emotional color and specific meaning of the poem a castle in the air, especially the four or six cultural meanings of "grass" explored by the author in ancient poems, which still have great errors and are worth re-exploring. In the chapter of "pinning hopes and ideals", the author first quotes two poems from Xie Lingyun's "Pond Upstairs", "Changchun grass in the pond and willow trees in the garden become songbirds".
Then analyze these two poems: "Describe the changes of scenery when winter and spring alternate, express the poet's frustration with officialdom, and reveal the poet's contradictory mood of wanting to be an official and hiding." It seems that the two poems quoted by the author, or the image of "spring grass", completely express the theme of the whole poem.
It seems a little too easy for the author to simply copy the theme of the poem after quoting it, instead of analyzing and demonstrating it. Moreover, the image of "spring grass" is by no means the poet's frustration with officialdom, nor is it entirely the poet's contradictory state of mind of being an official and hiding, not to mention the cultural implication of his wishes and ideals.
It is true that the two poems quoted by the author really describe the scene of alternating winter and spring. "Spring grass grows in the pond" and everything recovers; "The garden willow leaves", full of spring. This is just the appearance of "spring grass" and "songbirds", or their images.
Yu Guangzhong, a poet in Taiwan Province, defined the image as follows: "The so-called image is the image that the poet's inner meaning tells to the outside world, and readers can restore it to the poet's inner meaning according to the external image." According to the author's understanding of the first paragraph, this paper analyzes the specific environment of Xie Lingyun's writing Climbing the Pool upstairs and the poet's special mood in writing this poem. Based on the analysis and understanding of two poems quoted by many people, I personally think that the image expressed in Spring Grass, that is to say, the poet's emotion and state of mind are as follows: First, Xie Lingyun was pushed out from the prosperous capital city to the remote coastal Yongjia County as a satrap and poet in the third year of Yong.
In Yongjia, a secluded place, the poet wants to make progress in moral study, and he is deeply lacking in intelligence. He also wants to retire and work hard, but he feels powerless. Such depressed feelings made the poet physically and mentally exhausted, and even fell ill and stayed in bed for a long time.
In such a specific environment and special state of mind, the poet saw that spring had come, everything was revived and spring was full. The poet pinned his joy of recovery from a long illness on "spring grass" and "bird singing" With the poet's love and sensitivity to nature, these two poems are the climax of the poet's emotional excitement after his long illness, the relaxation of the poet's depressed mood, and the temporary comfort to the poet's disappointment in being an official. This is the image of "Chuncao", which is the cultural significance given by "Chuncao" here, and has little to do with the "resentment" and ambivalence described by the author.
Second, the poet Xie Lingyun is a well-read person. When he saw the resurrection of the grass and the spring grass that would thrive after being moistened by the pool water, he naturally remembered the sentence "Spring comes late, bloom is numerous" in the Book of Songs, and the wind was in July. The poem "The female heart is sad, and the child is almost the same"; I also remembered the poem "The wandering prince and grandson never return, and the spring grass grows flowers" in "The Songs of Chu Recruit Hermits".
This made Xie Lingyun quickly fall out of excitement, relaxation and comfort. He felt lonely and lost his heart, showing the bitterness and sadness of homesickness but not returning. This is the second image of "Spring Grass", with the sadness of "petals falling like tears, lonely birds wailing". Therefore, immediately after that, "Spring grass grows in the pond, and willow in the garden turns into a singing bird", the poet wrote "Qi Qi's sad song is sentimental". These last two poems are the best complement to the thoughts and feelings contained in the first two poems, Spring Grass and Singing Birds.
The image expressed in Spring Grass only reflects part of the poet's feelings, part of his thoughts and, of course, only part of his theme. It is related to birdsong, diving, flying, Yunfu, deep, poor sea, empty forest, waves, winding paths, early scenery, breeze, new sun, old shade and its poems. Some poets are happy and sensitive to nature, have the pain and sadness of homesickness, and have the interest and determination of the poet to live in seclusion ... This is the poet's complex state of mind and complex thoughts and feelings, which is the whole theme of Climbing the Pool Upstairs, and it is by no means a single "spring grass" image can replace it.
Mr. Xu clearly pointed out in the article "Lecture on the Principles of China's Poetics: The Seventh Lecture on Images in Poetry (Part I)" in the Knowledge of Classical Literature in 2006: "In this paper,' image' refers to the form and characteristics of individual material influenced by the poet's emotions. The difference between the two is that the image is mainly used to refer to the' image' in the' image', and its application scope is not limited to individual substances. The difference between it and artistic conception is that artistic conception focuses on the whole picture of a poem and the theme contained in the picture. Of course, the whole picture is composed of a mountain, a water, a grass and a tree, which blends into the poet's feelings. A mountain and a water, a grass and a tree are an image, and the sum of images constitutes the artistic conception of poetry. "
I just use xu teacher's point of view to comment on this article. In this chapter, the author quotes a sentence from Meng Haoran's poem Farewell to Wang Wei: How fragrant the flowers on the roadside are.
If they don't say goodbye, old friend, the author analyzes that the words "desire" and "pity" convey the contradiction in the author's heart. The poet wants to retire from the mountains, but he is helpless. The author's analysis puts the poet's ambivalence in the grass of "seeking", which is really hard to bear.
"If they don't mean goodbye, old friends" is not in the image of "fragrant grass". Meng Haoran left this poem for Wang Wei in the capital before leaving Xiangyang, when he was forty years old. Because I am a scholar, I am very bitter.
Therefore, there is a desire to "seek grass" and retreat to the mountains, but poetry.
3. The images of flowers and plants in China's ancient poems:
Flowers bloom: I hope youth is brilliant.
Flowers fall: frustration in life and career, nostalgia and nostalgia for beautiful things in spring.
Peach blossom: a symbol of beauty
Lan: Really?
Peony: Rich and beautiful.
Grass: exuberant vitality, endless hope, desolation and remoteness, and hatred of humble status and status.
Corn: the sadness of parting (the prosperity of the country is now, and the decline of the country is in the past)
Three friends (pine, bamboo and plum) and chrysanthemums symbolize people's noble character.
Red bean: acacia bean refers to the token of love between men and women, which is a metaphor for love or friendship between men and women. From Wang Wei's poem "Acacia": "When those red berries come in spring, they flush on your southern branches, and I advise you to collect more as a symbol of our love." The poet expressed his affection for his friends through red beans born in the south.
Chrysanthemum: Quiet, noble and refined chrysanthemum: Although chrysanthemum can't be compared with peony, nor can it be compared with orchids, as the flower of Ao Shuang, it has always been favored by literati. Some people praise its strong character, while others appreciate its lofty temperament. Qu Yuan's Lisao: "Drinking Mulan Dew in the morning and eating Qiuju in the evening are not beautiful." The poet symbolizes his noble character by drinking dew and eating flowers. Tang Yuan Zhen's Chrysanthemum: "Autumn shrubs are like Taoist priests, and the more they surround, the more inclined they are." Not that chrysanthemums are favored among flowers, but that there is no bloom. Expressed the poet's pursuit of firmness and noble character. Other poems, such as "I'd rather hold incense on the branches and die than blow it away among the flowers" (Cold Chrysanthemum by Zheng Songxiaosi), and "Wet dew in the lonely east, according to the former gold and sand" (Two Chrysanthemums after Chongyang by Song Fan Chengda), all use chrysanthemums to express the poet's spiritual quality, and the chrysanthemums here undoubtedly become a portrayal of the poet's personality.
May: Aoxue is strong and indomitable in the face of adversity. Plum blossoms are the first to bloom in the cold, and then it leads to the fragrance of blooming flowers. Therefore, plum blossoms, like chrysanthemums, have always been admired and praised by poets. "Plum Blossom" by Chen Liang, a poet in the Song Dynasty: "A flower changes first, and a hundred flowers blossom." The poet grasped the feature that plum blossoms are the first to bloom, and wrote the quality of being the first in the world and not afraid of setbacks. This is not only Yongmei, but also praising himself. Wang Anshi's plum blossom: "It's not snow in the distance, because it has a faint fragrance." The poem not only describes the reasons why plum blossoms are scattered by the wind, but also implicitly shows the purity and whiteness of plum blossoms, which has received the artistic effect of good fragrance and lewdness. Lu You's famous sentence "Yongmei" wrote: "Everything is broken into mud and ground into dust, only fragrance remains." Plum blossom is used to describe a person's unfortunate experience of being destroyed and his noble sentiment of not wanting to go with the flow. "Mo Mei" by Wang Mian in Yuan Dynasty: "Don't praise his lewdness, just leave a breath to dry Kun." It is also the plum blossom that shows that it is unwilling to go with the flow, shallow and profound.
Lotus: Because "lotus" and "cherish" are homonyms, there are many poems about lotus in ancient poetry to express love. For example, "Xizhou Qu" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "In autumn, lotus is picked in Nantang, and the lotus is over the head; Bow your head and make lotus seeds, green as water. "Lotus seed" means "Reiko Kobayakawa" and "green" means "clear". There are both real and imaginary here, which means pun. The rhetorical device of homophonic pun is used to express a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love. Thirty-five midnight songs in the Jin Dynasty: "Fog dew hibiscus, lotus is not clear. "The dew in the fog hides the true face of the lotus, and the lotus leaf is visible but not very clear. This is also a way of homophonic pun, writing about a woman who vaguely feels that the man loves her.
Compare the maturity of plum to a girl's desire for love, such as "looking back by the door, but smelling plum fragrance" (Li Qingzhao's "Dianjiang Lip").
Lilac refers to melancholy or complex, such as "I have been worried about seeing lilac knots since Nanpu Bie" (Tang Niuqiao's Grateful).
Trees:
Straightness of the tree: ups and downs of career and life.
Yellow leaves: the metabolism of dying mature beauty
Green leaves: vitality, hope and vitality
Bamboo: Honest and positive.
Willows: Farewell to the beautiful willows that miss sadness in spring: it is the custom of farewell in Han Dynasty. After the implication, there is a meaning of farewell and nostalgia. Willow: Sad Feelings
Willows pile up smoke: it can trigger the past, and is often used to express the feeling of ups and downs.
Red leaves: it is called the thing that conveys feelings, and later refers to poetry to convey feelings.
Pine and cypress: Strong and proud, strong and energetic. Pine trees are a model of snow and frost resistance, and naturally they are the object of praise. Li Bai's "Book for Huang Shang": "I hope you are loose, but be careful not to be peaches and plums." Wei always flatters powerful people, and Li Bai writes poems to persuade him to be an upright person. During the Three Kingdoms period, Serina Liu wrote: "If you don't suffer from cold, pine and cypress have sex." The poet used this sentence to encourage his cousin to be as loyal as sending pines and cypresses, and to maintain noble quality under any circumstances.
Indus River: The Indus River is a symbol of desolation, bitterness and sadness. For example, Wang Changling's "Autumn Long Letter Poetry" says: "Jin Jing Wu Tong Huang Ye Qiu, the bead curtain does not roll frost at night." The jade pillow in the smoke cage has no color, so I can lie down and listen to the missing sound in the Nangong. It is about a girl who is deprived of youth, freedom and happiness. In a desolate and lonely palace, she lay alone, listening to the palace leak. The first sentence of the poem begins with a phoenix tree with yellow leaves by the well, which sets off a bleak and cold atmosphere. Ren Yuan Xu Zaisi "Double Narcissus? Rain at night: "Autumn heard the sound of a leaf, and the little plantain was a little sad, dreaming of the third night." "With buttonwood leaves falling and rain hitting plantains, write down all your worries. Others, such as "One leaf makes a sound, and the empty steps drip to the light" (Tang Wen and Ting Yun's "More Leaky"), "The phoenix tree is raining even more until dusk" (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice") and so on.
4. Poems related to vegetation images are best appreciated; It is better to have more plants and trees to compare the prosperity and desolation of plants and trees to express ups and downs. For example, "the spring breeze is ten miles, and the wheat is green." (Jiang Kui Yangzhou Slow) Yangzhou Road, which is very prosperous, is now full of green wheat and desolate. "The old garden is desolate, Yang Liuxin, Lingge can't sing in spring." That magnificent scenery is more beautiful than spring. Here, lush willows set off desolation. "The green grass in front of the steps is spring, and the birds are singing happily under the leaves." A generation of sages and their achievements have disappeared. Now, only the grass reflecting the green stone steps produces spring scenery every year (spring scenery is illusory), and the oriole makes this beautiful call in vain. The poet lamented that the past was empty. The sun sets at the entrance of Wuyi Lane. "(Liu Yuxi Wuyi Lane) Suzaku Bridge's former prosperity has gone, the bridge is covered with weeds and wild flowers, Wuyi Lane has lost its former glory, and the sunset reflects the dilapidated and desolate entrance.