original text
Give me papaya,
Give it back to Joan.
So is the bandit newspaper,
Always feel good!
Give me a peach,
Reward it with Qiong Yao.
So is the bandit newspaper,
Always feel good!
Give me a plum,
Return the favor to Joan.
So is the bandit newspaper,
Always feel good!
translate
You gave me papaya,
In return, I paid Joan money.
Not to thank you,
Cherish your's feelings and be friends forever.
You gave me a peach,
I repay Qiong Yao.
Not to thank you,
Cherish your's feelings and be friends forever.
You gave me Muli,
I repay Joan Jiu.
Not to thank you,
Cherish your's feelings and be friends forever.
Make an appreciative comment
In the Book of Songs, there is a phrase "Give me a peach and give me a plum", and later "Give me a peach and give me a plum" has become an idiom, meaning to give the other party a reply and a gift. Comparatively speaking, although Feng Wei's Papaya also has the idiom "Give a papaya (peach, plum) and return it to Qiong (Yao, Jiu)" (for example, Song Youmao's Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty recorded that "Give a tree to Qiong, and you will be righteous"), it would be a big mistake to think that "suppression" is more recited than "papaya". A little investigation will show that this "Papaya" is one of the most popular poems in the Book of Songs.
For such a well-known pre-Qin ancient poem with uncomplicated sentences, there are as many as seven ways to analyze its theme through the ages (according to Zhang Shubo's Collection of National Styles), which is really interesting. According to the preface to Mao Shi in the Han Dynasty, "Papaya is beautiful now. Tijen was defeated by Cao in Wei, but Qi Huangong saved him and sealed him, leaving only his chariots and horses. Wei people think about it, want to report it thick, and make poems. " This view was supported by Yan Gan and others in the Song Dynasty, and by Wei Yuan and others in the Qing Dynasty. According to the textual research of three poems about the same period as Mao Dawei, Chen Qiaozong's Textual Research on Lu's Legacy, Lu's "writing this article to reward the courtiers' thoughts" and Wang Xianqian's "The Collection of Three Poets' Righteousness" also have the same opinion. Since Zhu in the Song Dynasty, the theory of "men and women answering each other" has become popular. "Biography of Poetry" said: "I want to repay you with a little thing. Although it is not enough to repay you, I want to think it is good and don't forget my ears. Doubt is also a word that men and women give answers to, such as "fine woman." This reflects the innovative spirit and the spirit of doubting the ancient times of the school of poetic abandonment in Song Dynasty. However, this statement was refuted by Yao Jiheng, one of the important representatives of the independent thought poetry school in Qing Dynasty. "The Book of Songs General Theory" said: "It is ridiculous to be a friend, why should it be a man or a woman!" Modern scholars generally draw lessons from Zhu's theory and point out more clearly that this poem is a love poem. In all fairness, it is precisely because the text semantics of a poem is very simple that it is possible to explore its theme with greater freedom, just like the smaller the connotation of a concept, the greater the extension. Therefore, it is not advisable to deny a theory easily. In view of this, the author tends to understand this poem in a broader sense and regard it as a poem expressing deep affection through giving and answering.
The poem "Papaya" is very distinctive in both text and sentence structure. First of all, there is no typical sentence pattern in The Book of Songs-four sentences. It is not impossible to use four words (using four words will become "give me papaya (peach, plum) and give me Joan (Yao, Jiu); Bandits think that reporting is always good, but the author intentionally or unintentionally uses this sentence pattern to create a kind of ups and downs charm, and it is easy to achieve the effect of sound and emotion when singing. Secondly, statements have a very high degree of coincidence and overlap. Don't say that the last two sentences in each chapter are exactly the same, even the first two sentences are only one word apart, and although the meanings of the three words "Qiongju", "Qiongyao" and "Qiongjiu" are slightly different, according to Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica, papaya, "Mutao" and "Li Mu" belong to the same plant. The difference between the two is roughly the same. In this way, we might as well say that the three chapters are basically repetitive, and such a high degree of repetition is not much in the whole Book of Songs. The format looks like the music of Three Chapters of Yangguan written by Wang Weishi in Tang Dynasty, which is naturally determined by the duality of music and literature in The Book of Songs.
You give me fruit, and I give you jade in return, which is different from "returning a peach to a plum". The value you return is far greater than the value you get, which embodies a noble feeling of human beings (including love and friendship). This kind of emotion focuses on soul-to-heart, which is a spiritual fit. Therefore, the returned things and their value are actually symbolic here, showing the treasure of others for their family, so there is a saying that "bandits repay you." The deep meaning of "Give me papaya (peach and plum) and repay my gratitude with Qiong Cong (Yao Jiu)" is: Although you give me papaya (peach and plum), your affection is more expensive than Qiong Cong (Yao Jiu); I cannot thank you enough for your kindness. Qing Niu Yunzhen commented on this number of words in Shi Zhi: "There are better people than papaya, but taking papaya as a word is a way to set off a pattern; Qiong Yao was enough to report it, but she said that the bandit's report was a layer of stripping. "What he said is not unreasonable, but it is obvious that he takes things that have been basically abstracted, such as papaya and Qiong Yao, too seriously, and other people who interpret this poem seem to have this disease. In fact, the author is too broad-minded to measure the thickness at all. What he wants to express is that cherishing and understanding the feelings of others is the noblest affection.
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The Book of Songs Guofeng Yao Tao
original text
The peach flew away, burning with its brilliance.
The son belongs to the family, so it is appropriate to stay at home.
Peaches die for five reasons.
The girl is going to get married, and the heir who gave birth early is going to make a fortune.
Peach dies, its Ye Zhenzhen ⑥.
The girl is getting married, and Comix is in harmony.
translate
Peach trees are full of tender buds,
Bloom is as clever as Xia Hong.
This girl is getting married,
Harmony between husband and wife is family.
Peach trees are full of tender buds,
Fruit is falling from the tree.
This girl is getting married,
Harmony between husband and wife is family.
Peach trees are full of tender buds,
Peach leaves are dense and green.
This girl is getting married,
Harmony between husband and wife is family.
reading comprehension
A simple and simple song sings a woman's hopes and longings for marriage life when she gets married, and compares the happiness of marriage life with the lush branches and leaves of peach trees and numerous fruits. There is no strong color, exaggeration and prosaic in the songs, just like the songs we are familiar with now, such as "Letter from Home", "You at the Table" and "Xiao Fang", everyone can sing. That's the charm.
In line with a basic truth between heaven and earth: simplicity is good.
Just like women's makeup, light makeup always has infinite charm. There are always places where there is no makeup, and some places always feel that there is no makeup, thick powder and thick paste, which are not only flashy, but also make people stay away from it, making people wonder how many real materials there are under the thick powder. Maybe he was a half-aged Xu Niang or freckles when he took off his makeup.
Simplicity means simplicity, truthfulness, truthfulness and kindness, and it is an unforgettable emotion that haunts my mind. Deliberate modification is kitsch, hypocrisy, superficiality, superficiality and boredom, which is what the ancients often say.
Simplicity is not only a realm of life, but also an artistic realm and the highest realm.
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The original "The Book of Songs, National Style, tang style Cricket"
Crickets are in the hall,
20 years old, I am very old. ①
I am not happy today,
The sun and the moon are separate. ②
Nothing is too healthy.
Think about your job. ④
Happiness is not lacking.
Liang Shi, go. ⑥
Crickets are in the hall,
I died when I was nine. ⑦
I am not happy today,
The sun and the moon are moving fast. ⑦
Nothing is too healthy,
Thinking outside work.
Happiness is endless,
Good people make mistakes. ⑧
Crickets are in the hall,
The service car rests. ⑨
I am not happy today,
The sun and the moon are shining. ⑩
Nothing is too healthy,
I'm worried about my job.
There is no lack of happiness,
Good man, take a break. ⑾
translate
The cricket is in the main room.
The year is coming to an end.
I'm not here to have fun today,
Time goes by.
Don't be too happy,
I must take responsibility.
Cheer up, don't make a mistake,
A wise man should be vigilant.
The cricket is in the main room.
The year is coming to an end.
I'm not here to have fun today,
Time will go or not.
Don't be too happy,
You must have both.
Cheer up, don't make a mistake,
Smart people should struggle.
The cricket is in the main room.
The service car will be collected.
I'm not here to have fun today,
Time can't catch up.
Don't be too happy,
Think more and worry.
Cheer up, don't make a mistake,
A saint should be kind.
Enjoy 1
As far as poetry is concerned, the meaning of this article to persuade people to be diligent is obvious, but the preface to Mao Shi says it is "stabbing the public" Thrift is not polite, pretend that poetry is based on (compassion), and I want it to be self-satisfied (self-entertainment) in time. "Sunny Yurun retorted well:" In today's poetry view, it doesn't matter whether it's' stabbing' or' frugality is not a gift'. If you see it, it must be for the public. "The preface is attached to the meeting, but it is unreasonable and often happens." (Original Book of Songs) It was Wang Zhi in the Song Dynasty who corrected the Preface of Poetry earlier. His poem "General News" points out that "this doctor's appearance is also called warning", and the content of "warning" is "it is harmless for fun, but it is also considered. Don't go to Taikang, always thinking about what to do; Don't be barren, there are always good people, and then be kind. " The explanation is reasonable and consistent with the original poem. Better than he said. My book "The Book of Songs and National Style" defines this book as "a poem to persuade people to work hard", which is inspired by Wang Zhi's theory.
The three chapters of this article have the same meaning, and the first two sentences are when everything is done by man. The poet moved from the wild to the house, and the weather became colder and colder. He thought that "the season has suddenly changed" and this year has reached the end of the year. The ancients often used to wait for the response of insects to climate change to express the time sequence easily. The Book of Songs, Wind and Wind in July wrote: "In July, I was in the wild, in August, at home, and in October, crickets entered my bed." September at Home and Cricket in the Hall are the same poems. July uses the summer calendar, this poem uses the weekly calendar, and September in the summer calendar is November in the weekly calendar. The poet is feeling that crickets enter the house in November and lamenting that "it is too late to be old." In the first sentence, Feng Fang's Shi Shuo is regarded as "Xing", while Zhu's Shi Zhuan is regarded as "Fu". Different angles of understanding have their own reasons. As a "xing", it is different from some "xing" with "bi" in the Book of Songs. It has no direct meaning connection with the following, but it is inseparable in deep emotion, that is, it plays an emotional role. Therefore, it is "Fu" from the perspective of "Chen Qi Affairs". In terms of arousing emotions, it is "xing". This lyrical way of writing based on feeling things has a great influence on the poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. Nineteen ancient poems are used a lot, and Ruan Ji's Eighty-two Poems of Feelings are also very common, such as his fourteenth poem (collated according to Ruan Ji's Collection):
Autumn brings chill, and crickets sing curtains. It's sad to feel things with sadness and sadness quietly. How many words can be said, countless words can be said. ...
The beginning is inseparable from the following, which is in the same strain as the first sentence of The Cricket, except that the meaning of "feeling things" is pointed out here, while the third and fourth sentences of The Cricket directly introduce narrative: the poet's feelings about the passage of time caused by "being old" declare that he should seize the opportunity to enjoy himself, otherwise it is a waste of time. In fact, this is just a futile advance and retreat, and the last four sentences are directed at three or four sentences. Five sentences and six sentences in the three chapters together mean: don't pursue pleasure excessively, think about your own work, don't be indifferent to external affairs, especially don't just focus on the present, but also think about the worries that may arise in the future. It can be seen that the word "thinking" is the main eye of the whole poem, and the "three commandments" are meaningful. This kind of repeated exhortation contains the poet's valuable life experience, which is both an example and an example. The last two sentences are linked with the three chapters: If you like to have fun, don't neglect your career. Just like a saint, always remind yourself to be diligent and enterprising. Although the last four sentences are preaching, they are measured. The poet affirms "joy", but demands moderation, that is, "joy is not lacking". This warning is still relevant today.
The author of this poem, some people regard it as a farmer according to the sentence "the chariot rests on it", which is actually a misunderstanding. The poet didn't say that he was "resting in the service car", but only used what he saw to arouse his feelings. Because "the service car is resting, and the peasants and workers have nothing to do after finishing their work" (Kong Ying Da's Justice in Shi Mao), it means that the time sequence has changed, which is the same as "the year has passed". It is difficult to determine the authorship of this poem. Yao Jiheng said: "The word" good scholar "in the poem is neither a gentleman nor a good citizen, but a poem by a scholar-bureaucrat." (The Book of Songs) can be prepared.
The whole poem is a feeling of blurting out, straightforward and sincere, repeatedly expressed in thick chapters, and the language is natural and simple. Rhyme is different from most articles in The Book of Songs, which adopts one chapter and two rhymes, and the first sentence, the fifth sentence and the seventh sentence of each chapter have the same rhyme. Two sentences, four sentences, six sentences and eight sentences have the same rhyme, and the latter is a regular interval rhyme. The translated poem retains the original rhyming format. (Jiang Lijun)