Mechanized harvesting not only improves agricultural production efficiency, but also increases the amount of grain leakage. In the past, when harvesting corn artificially, the corn stalks were cut off first, then the corn cobs were broken off one by one, and then they were dragged home for threshing.
During this period, most of the work depends on manpower, and the work is meticulous, with little loss in the harvesting process. But it changed after mechanized harvesting. Sometimes the corn has less water and the corn kernels are crisp, so it is easy to lose corn kernels when harvesting corn cobs. Catch up with the lodging of corn, some corn cobs will fall off, which is a considerable loss every year.
2. storage; stock
In some rural areas, many farmers still store food directly on the ground. Storing grain in this way not only causes waste, but also tends to be moldy. In the main grain-producing counties and cities in Jilin, 80%-90% of farmers store grain on the ground, and the grain loss is as high as 1 1.77%.
In addition to farmers' grain storage, the loss of "state-owned grain depot" caused by abnormal reasons can not be ignored. Last year, a fire broke out in China's central grain reserve warehouse directly under Lin Dian, burning more than 40,000 tons of grain. On June+10 this year, a fire broke out in Hailin warehouse in Heilongjiang Province, which lasted for more than 50 hours.
Step 3 transport
Some grain storage enterprises not only increase the risk of grain storage, but also limit the transit and transportation of grain and increase the loss of grain in circulation because of poor storage facilities and backward transportation methods. At present, a large amount of grain in the northeast has to be transported to the south through many routes: grain merchants collect grain from farmers and transport it to local grain depots;
After arriving at the grain depot, if you take the railway, you need to transport it to the railway station by car and then transport it to the sales area before you can reach the market. For example, from the northeast to Dongguan, the railway has moved down at least three or four times, and each time it moves down, the loss is a little more. However, the specific losses are difficult to count.
Step 4 deal with
With the improvement of living standards, people demand not only the taste but also the appearance when buying rice. Jing Hu, director of the Institute of Agriculture, Rural Areas and Farmers of South China Normal University, said that in the past, rice was simply washed after shelling, but now consumers want to be "glamorous", and most rice will be polished or even polished many times.
"After the rice is polished, it looks really crystal clear and beautiful, but once polished, the rice will be reduced by one layer and the rice yield will be reduced. The more polished the same amount of rice, the less rice products will be produced. Excessive processing wastes food in disguise. "
5. Eating habits:
Cheng Shengkui's team from Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences has been studying food waste for six years. The research group investigated and analyzed 366 restaurants in Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, Lhasa and other places, including restaurants and canteens, with nearly 8,000 consumption samples and 8,200 questionnaires. It was found that food waste in urban catering industry in China was serious:
According to the survey data of 20 13 to 20 15 years, the waste of catering food in China is about170,000 to180,000 tons per year, which is equivalent to the annual rations of 30 million to 50 million people.
People's Daily Online-China wastes 35% of grain and 70 billion A Jin every year.