What are the world-famous "four major cut flowers"?
The four major cut flowers in the world are roses, chrysanthemums, carnations and gladiolus.
(1) Rose. Broadly speaking, roses include roses, roses and roses, and the main ones used for cut flowers are modern roses.
Roses attract people with their brilliant colors, huge flowers, various flower shapes, and their role in attracting people. In the past century, horticulturists in many countries have developed thousands of excellent varieties. There are seven categories of pink, red, yellow, orange, purple, white and complex colors. There are countless types of hues and tens of thousands of varieties, ranking first in the world's flower beds, so it is known as "Hope in Flowers".
"There is no day when the flowers are red without the spring breeze." This is a famous poem by the ancients praising the rose. The traditional Chinese flowering plant has the characteristics of large flowers, many petals, and rich colors, and it blooms continuously all year round. After the end of the 18th century, Europeans used Chinese roses as the main parent for sexual hybridization, blending the advantages of Chinese roses and European roses to create graceful and graceful modern roses. Nowadays, rose cultivation is very common in most countries, and roses can be supplied all year round.
For a long time, rose has been regarded as a symbol of happiness, wealth and love. Therefore, rose is very suitable for flower arrangement decoration on festive and ceremonial occasions. It is also the most commonly used flower arrangement in bouquets and wedding cars. Whether in China or in Western countries, rose is the most popular public flower.
(2) Chrysanthemum. It is the most popular cut flower in the world. Chrysanthemum has a long history of cultivation in my country. Since the Jin Dynasty, people have regarded chrysanthemums as an ornamental object, and many praising poems have been left, such as "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountains" by Tao Yuanming.
Chrysanthemums used for cut flowers include cold chrysanthemum, summer chrysanthemum, National Day chrysanthemum, autumn chrysanthemum, etc. The chrysanthemum varieties currently used for flower arrangements in China are not much different from ordinary varieties.
Chrysanthemums are characterized by bright colors, good luster, diverse flower shapes, non-shedding petals, and a long viewing period when grown in water. Chrysanthemums are often kept in a vase on the desk.
In artistic flower arrangements, chrysanthemums are often combined with nandina, red leaves, autumn fruits and other materials to express "autumn charm" or "harvest"; they are also paired with plums, orchids and bamboos to create traditional literati designs. Flower Arrangement "Four Gentlemen". Chrysanthemums also have the characteristic that their petals do not fall off even when they are dry. Therefore, since ancient times, there have been praise poems such as "Cold Fragrance in the Late Festival", "Qingfeng Late Festival", "Hanying Late Festival", etc. Therefore, it is very popular to give chrysanthemums to the elderly who deserve respect. Suitable, but should be particular about color.
(3) Carnation. Also known as Carnation and Dutch Dianthus, it is native to the northern shores of the European Mediterranean and from France to Greece, and is now widely cultivated around the world. Carnations are fragrant, have many wrinkled petals, rich and bright colors, long flowering time, good decorative effect and high taste. Therefore, carnations are widely used when decorating flower baskets, garlands, bouquets, corsages, headdresses, wedding cars, etc.
Carnations symbolize mother's love. International Mother's Day stipulates that red carnations are given to mothers when they are alive to express their love for their mothers; white carnations are given to mothers after their death to express their condolences.
(4) Gladiolus. Also known as irises and gladioli, it is a horticultural hybrid. There are many horticultural varieties around the world, and there are about hundreds of varieties in our country. Gladiolus is mostly a large flower species that blooms in summer and autumn, but through cultivation, it can also be supplied to the market in winter and spring.
Gladiolus leaves are sword-like and tall, and the inflorescences are spike-shaped, usually arranged in two rows, but sideways, with 12-24 flowers in each inflorescence. The corolla tube is enlarged and funnel-shaped, and the diameter of a single flower is 8-12 cm. The flower colors include white, yellow, pink, red, purple and multicolored. Its flowers are bright and colorful, and the spikes are upright and generous. They bloom gradually upward from the base of the inflorescences, and they have a long viewing period when grown in water. Therefore, it is widely used in making flowers, flower baskets and bouquets.
Among the five major cut flowers is the gerbera, also called the gerbera.
For garden cut flowers, there are ten major cut flowers, five major cut flowers, and four major cut flowers. Which flowers are included in each?
The world’s five major cut flowers: chrysanthemum, rose, carnation, gladioli, and gerbera.
The four major cut flowers in the world: rose, chrysanthemum, carnation, and gladiolus.
The top ten cut flowers in the world: rose, tulip, chrysanthemum, gerbera, carnation, lily, orchid, amaryllis, Chinese narcissus, anthurium
What about the four major cut flowers? Painted
Cut flowers, what are they? This is the first time I see this? Hard to answer
What are the “Four Major Cut Flowers” ??in the world?
The four major cut flowers in the world;
Rose, gladiolus, carnation, and gerbera.
The four world-famous cut flowers
Carnation, rose, gladiolus and chrysanthemum.
The four major cut flowers (4) Gladiolus
Also known as irises, gladioli, flat bamboo lotus, Shiyangjin, and Shisan Taibao, it is a horticultural hybrid that is grown all over the world. There are many horticultural varieties, and there are about hundreds of varieties in our country. Gladiolus is mostly a large flower species that blooms in summer and autumn, but through cultivation, it can also be supplied to the market in winter and spring. The leaves of Gladiolus are sword-like and tall, and the inflorescences are spike-shaped, usually arranged in two rows, but sideways, with 12-24 flowers in each inflorescence. The corolla tube is enlarged and funnel-shaped, with a single flower diameter of 8-12 cm. The flower colors include white, yellow, pink, red, purple and multicolored.
Its flowers are bright and colorful, and the spikes are upright and generous. They bloom gradually upward from the base of the inflorescences and have a long viewing period when grown in water. Flower language - elegance, longevity, and corning. In production, bulbs are mainly planted. In spring, the bulbs are graded according to their size, and mixed with 70% thiophanate methyl powder 800 times or carbendazim 1000 times and captan 1500 times and soaked for 30 minutes, then germinate at 20-25°C, and can be planted in about 1 week. For varieties with serious virus infection and obvious degradation, stem tip detoxification can be used to rejuvenate the plants. Conventional cultivation of gladioli refers to cultivation under natural conditions, and bulbs with a diameter of more than 2.5 cm are generally selected. There are two planting methods: ridge planting and border planting, with a planting depth of 5 to 10 cm. When Gladiolus produces its second leaf, it is the time when the flower buds are differentiating. It is particularly sensitive to environmental factors. If it encounters low temperature and low light, the number of "blind flowers" will increase. Generally, during land preparation, 6 to 9 kilograms of nitrogen, 6 to 12 kilograms of phosphorus, and 7 to 12 kilograms of potassium are applied per mu. Top dressing is required three times throughout the growing season, that is, once when 2 to 3 leaves are drawn, when the inflorescence is drawn out from the leaves, and once after 15 days of flowering. For gladiolus cultivation, bulb dormancy needs to be broken first. After the bulbs are harvested, under natural conditions, from late autumn to early winter, dormancy can be broken only after being affected by low temperatures. To promote cultivation, dormancy must be broken manually. That is, after harvesting the bulbs, they are first treated with a high temperature of 35°C for 15 to 20 days, and then treated with a low temperature of 2 to 3°C for 20 days, and then transplanted to allow normal germination and growth. If flowers are required from January to February, they should be planted from October to November; if they are planted in December, they should bloom from March to May. That is, it takes 100 to 120 days from planting to flowering. The plant-row spacing for cultivation is 15 cm × 15 cm or 25 cm × 7 cm, and 40 to 60 bulbs are planted per square meter. After planting, the temperature should be maintained at 20 to 25°C during the day and around 15°C at night. Delayed cultivation can also be used. After the bulbs are harvested, they are stored in a dry cold storage at 3 to 5°C, and then planted in the greenhouse from July to August of the following year. The management work is the same as that for cultivation. Biological characteristics: Gladiolus is native to tropical Africa and the Mediterranean. It likes cool climate conditions and is afraid of heat and cold. Requires fertile, loose, moist, well-drained soil. Specific habit: scorpion-tailed umbels with 8 to 24 large flowers. Gladiolus prefers cool weather, is intolerant to cold, and is afraid of heat. It requires loose, fertile, moist, and well-drained soil. The optimal temperature for growth is 20-25℃ during the day and 10-15℃ at night. Gladiolus is a long-day plant, which requires 16 hours of light per day. The underground part of Gladiolus has bulbs, fibrous roots and contractile roots. Corms are dormant organs. Plant a cue ball in spring and harvest one or several new bulbs over 2cm in autumn. The bulb is oblate or oval. The outside of the bulb is covered with 4-6 layers of brown membrane, which protects the bulb. There are 3-6 bud eyes on the bulb, arranged in a straight line. The one in the middle is the main bud, and the ones next to it are lateral bud. Both the main buds and lateral buds can form new plants, and the plants formed by lateral buds can also bloom. The base of the bulb is surrounded by root primordia, which form fibrous roots after germination. When the plant grows with 3 leaves, a new bulb begins to form on the mother bulb, and multiple new roots - shrinkage roots - grow on the new bulb. With the formation of new corms and contractile roots, the mother ball and fibrous roots gradually shrink and dry up. After the new corm grows, a baby ball will be produced between the new corm and the contractile roots. Due to different bulb sizes and varieties, the number of bulbs produced is also different. The Dahongpao variety can have 50 to 70 bulbs, while the Ziqi Xiangyun variety has only 4 to 8 bulbs. Most of the balls are oval or peach-shaped. The flower stems of Iris are pulled out from the leaves, and the spikes are 30-75cm long. Each flower spike bears 8-24 flowers, usually sideways and arranged in two rows. The diameter of the corolla is 8-16cm. The corolla gradually grows from bottom to top. Small, the flowers bloom gradually from bottom to top. The corolla tube is enlarged funnel-shaped, trumpet-shaped, bell-shaped, etc., and is slightly curved upward.
What are the four major cut flowers in the world?
1) Introduction to roses
Broadly speaking, roses include roses, roses and roses. Modern roses are mainly used for cut flowers. Rose
Rose attracts everyone with its brilliant colors, huge flowers, various flower shapes, and fragrance. In the past century, horticulturists in many countries have developed thousands of excellent varieties. There are seven major color systems of pink, red, yellow, orange, purple, white and complex colors. There are countless types of hues and tens of thousands of varieties. It ranks first in the world's flower beds, so it is known as the "King of Flowers".
"There is no day when the flowers are red without the spring breeze." This is a famous poem by the ancients praising the rose. Traditional Chinese roses have the characteristics of large flowers, many petals, and rich colors, and they bloom continuously all year round. After the end of the 18th century, Europeans used the Chinese rose as the main parent for repeated sexual hybridization, integrating the advantages of the Chinese rose with European roses and roses, and developing the graceful and graceful modern rose. Nowadays, rose cultivation is very common in most countries, and roses can be supplied all year round.
For a long time, rose has been regarded as a symbol of happiness, wealth and love. Therefore, rose is very suitable for flower arrangement decoration on festive and ceremonial occasions. It is also the most commonly used flower arrangement in bouquets and wedding cars. Whether in China or in Western countries, rose is the most popular public flower.
The four major cut flowers (5 photos) Cultivation of cut roses
The cultivation of cut roses only has a history of more than 200 years.
In 1867, the French developed a new system of modern roses - hybrid perfume roses, which later became the main variety group of modern roses. Through hybridization of modern roses, a group of varieties suitable for use as cut flowers have been developed, which are the cut rose varieties that are widely popular today.
Most of the cut flower varieties currently used in my country are introduced from abroad, mainly from France, Italy, Germany, the United States, the Netherlands and other countries.
Morphological characteristics
Rose is an evergreen or deciduous shrub with green branchlets and scattered prickles, some of which are almost thornless. Odd (odd) red rose flowers
The pinnate compound leaves are alternate, with 3-5 leaflets, elliptical or oval, 2-6cm long, with serrated edges and hairless leaves on both sides. Smooth, stipules and petioles connate. Flowers are grown on the tops of branches, often in clusters, rarely solitary, and in many colors. There are thousands of varieties, most of them are double-petaled and some are single-petaled. The flowers are slightly fragrant. The flowering period is from April to October, with the most blooming in spring. The fleshy rose fruits are red-yellow when mature, and the top is split. The "seeds" are achenes, chestnut brown. .
Growth habits
Strong adaptability, cold and drought tolerance, not strict on soil requirements, but slightly acidic sandy loam rich in organic matter and well-drained is best. It likes the sun, but too much direct sunlight is detrimental to the development of flower buds. The petals are easily scorched. It likes warmth. Generally, the temperature is 22-25°C, which is the most suitable temperature for flower growth. High temperatures in summer are detrimental to flowering.
It prefers an environment with sufficient sunshine, air circulation, good drainage and shelter from wind. It needs appropriate shade in midsummer. The optimal temperature for most varieties is 15-26°C during the day and 10-15°C at night. It is relatively cold-resistant and will enter dormancy when the temperature falls below 5℃ in winter. If the high temperature in summer continues to be above 30℃, most varieties will flower less, their quality will be reduced, and they will enter a semi-resting state. General varieties can withstand low temperatures of -15°C. It requires rich organic matter, fertile, loose and slightly acidic soil, but has a wide adaptability to soil. The relative humidity of the air should be 75% to 80%, but it can also be slightly dry or slightly humid. It has the characteristic of continuous flowering. It is necessary to maintain air circulation and no pollution. If ventilation is poor, powdery mildew will easily occur. Harmful gases in the air, such as sulfur dioxide, chlorine, fluoride, etc., are poisonous to roses.
Rose (6 photos) (2) Introduction to chrysanthemum
It is the most popular cut flower in the world. Chrysanthemum has a long history of cultivation in my country. Since the Jin Dynasty, people have regarded chrysanthemums as an ornamental object, and many praising poems have been left, such as "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountains" by Tao Yuanming.
Chrysanthemums for cut flowers have different flowering periods, including cold chrysanthemums, summer chrysanthemums, National Day chrysanthemums, autumn chrysanthemums, etc., and there are many varieties. According to the collection and survey of Nanjing Agricultural University, there are more than 3,000 chrysanthemum varieties in China. Most of them are traditional potted autumn chrysanthemums. Most of the varieties used as cut flowers in the international flower market are bred in Japan.
Chrysanthemums are characterized by bright colors, good luster, various flower shapes, non-shedding petals, and a long viewing period when grown in water. Chrysanthemums are often kept in a vase on the desk.
Chrysanthemum is one of the top ten famous flowers in my country. It has many varieties, rich colors, varied flower shapes and various postures. Every year in late autumn, chrysanthemum exhibitions are held in many places for people to enjoy. It can be placed in garden flower beds, flower borders or rockeries, and can also be used to make potted flowers, bonsai, flower baskets, wreaths, dahlias, cliff chrysanthemums, tower chrysanthemums, tree chrysanthemums, tie chrysanthemums, etc. It can also be used as cut flowers in vases,...
What are the four major cut flower plants in the world?
The four major cut flowers in the world;
Rose
p>Chrysanthemum
Carnation
Gladiolus
(2) Chrysanthemum of the four major cut flowers
It is the most popular cut flower in the world The most popular cut flower. Chrysanthemum has a long history of cultivation in my country. Since the Jin Dynasty, people have regarded chrysanthemums as an ornamental object, and many praising poems have been left, such as "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountains" by Tao Yuanming. Chrysanthemums used as cut flowers have different flowering periods, including cold chrysanthemums, summer chrysanthemums, National Day chrysanthemums, autumn chrysanthemums, etc., and there are many varieties. According to the collection and survey of Nanjing Agricultural University, there are more than 3,000 chrysanthemum varieties in China, most of which are traditional potted plants. Qiu Ju. Most of the varieties used as cut flowers in the international flower market are bred in Japan. Chrysanthemums are characterized by bright colors, good luster, various flower shapes, non-shedding petals, and a long viewing period when grown in water. Chrysanthemums are often kept in a vase on the desk. Chrysanthemum is one of the top ten famous flowers in my country. It has many varieties, rich colors, varied flower shapes and various postures. Every year in late autumn, chrysanthemum exhibitions are held in many places for people to enjoy. It can be placed in garden flower beds, flower borders or rockeries, and can also be used to make potted flowers, bonsai, flower baskets, wreaths, dahlias, cliff chrysanthemums, tower chrysanthemums, tree chrysanthemums, tie chrysanthemums, etc. It can also be used as cut flowers in vases. In recent years, ground cover chrysanthemum has begun to develop, and it is used as a "flowering ground cover". In addition, chrysanthemums also have medicinal value. Medicinal chrysanthemums such as chrysanthemum, yellow chrysanthemum, chrysanthemum chrysanthemum, and camellia chrysanthemum have certain curative effects in treating certain diseases. Some chrysanthemums can also be eaten as vegetables. For example, Dnankingense is a popular vegetable in Nanjing. Its young shoots and leaves are refreshing, delicious and nutritious. In artistic flower arrangements, chrysanthemums are often combined with nandina, red leaves, autumn fruits and other materials to express "autumn charm" or "harvest"; they are also paired with plums, orchids and bamboos to form the "Four Gentlemen" of traditional literati flower arrangements.
Chrysanthemums also have the characteristic that their petals do not fall off even when they are dry. Therefore, since ancient times, there have been praise poems such as "Cold Fragrance in the Late Festival", "Qingfeng Late Festival", "Hanying Late Festival", etc. Therefore, it is very popular to give chrysanthemums to the elderly who deserve respect. Suitable, but should be particular about color. Cut flower chrysanthemum ranks first among the "four major cut flowers" in the world, accounting for about 30% of the total. Annual supply of chrysanthemum cut flowers The production of fresh cut flowers must achieve a balanced listing throughout the year. Commonly cultivated are spring chrysanthemum, summer chrysanthemum, autumn chrysanthemum and winter chrysanthemum (cold chrysanthemum), with many varieties. In the months when chrysanthemums are not blooming, the flowering period is artificially delayed to solve the supply problem. The flower bud differentiation and flowering of chrysanthemums are related to the number of leaves, plant height, sunlight and temperature. Flower bud differentiation needs to grow to about 10 leaves and a plant height of more than 25 cm. It will take 45-60 days to bloom. Generally, the flower buds of autumn chrysanthemums and winter chrysanthemums differentiate rapidly under short-day conditions (10-15 days), but under long-day conditions, the flower buds do not differentiate. As for summer chrysanthemum varieties, flower buds can complete differentiation under long-day conditions. Under conventional cultivation conditions, the latest varieties of summer chrysanthemums to bloom in Guangzhou are June Yellow, June White, Guifei Red, etc. However, with high temperatures and strong sunshine in summer, these varieties should also be placed under a shade shed when they bloom. The earliest autumn chrysanthemums to bloom are early yellow, early white, white crab claw, and yellow mud gold. They usually bloom in late October or early November. 7.8.9. Artificial lighting or shading is required in the four months of October. By adjusting the temperature and humidity, the autumn chrysanthemums can bloom in advance and the summer chrysanthemums can bloom later, so that the cut flower production can be put on the market in batches evenly throughout the year. For artificial light, a 100-watt or 60-watt light bulb is usually hung 1 meter above the plant, with each light illuminating an area of ??4 square meters. There are three methods of adding light and shading: one is to add light intermittently or briefly, that is, add light for 0.5-1 hour in the dark; the other is to give several hours of darkness during the day (that is, daytime shading); the third is to add light in the morning and evening Add light in advance to increase the number of hours of sunshine, or block light to extend the hours of darkness. The most important thing is to choose fertile sandy loam soil with good drainage. About 6,000 cut flowers can be planted per acre, that is, 8-9 plants per square meter. Leave 5 branches per plant, remove the tops 20 days after planting, and frequently remove side buds. When the budding stage is reached, the buds must be removed in time. Approximately 30,000 cut flowers can be harvested per acre. Common diseases include brown spot, black spot, powdery mildew and root rot. The pathogenic bacteria of the above diseases are all fungi, and they are all caused by excessive soil moisture and poor drainage, ventilation and light transmission. Therefore, it is advisable to choose a place with good ecological conditions for cultivation, and pay attention to drainage, remove diseased plants and leaves, and burn residual roots. The pot soil should be disinfected with 1:8 formalin solution, and then sprayed with Bordeaux solution, 80% wettable zinc solution, or 50% wettable thiophanate solution during the growth period. Insect pests include aphids, red spider mites, inchworms, chrysanthemum beetles, grubs, leaf miner larvae, etc., which can be controlled by manual hunting and spraying.
Chrysanthemum (Dendranthemamorifolium) is a cultivated species of the genus Chrysanthemum in the family Asteraceae. It is a valuable ornamental flower cultivated through long-term artificial selection. It is also called art chrysanthemum, and...