Poetry can be divided into narrative poetry and lyric poetry according to the way of expression. 1. Narrative poetry: The poem has a relatively complete storyline and characters, which are usually expressed in the poet's passionate singing style. Epic poems, story poems, verse novels, etc. all belong to this category. 2. Lyrical poetry: mainly reflects social life by directly expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings, and does not require the description of complete storylines and characters. There are love songs, odes, laments, elegy, pastoral and satirical poems, etc. Of course, narrative and lyricism are not completely separate. Narrative poetry also has a certain degree of lyricism, but its lyricism must be closely integrated with the narrative. Lyric poems also often narrate certain segments of life, but they cannot be extended and should be subject to the needs of lyricism. Extended information Other classification methods of poetry can be divided into: 1. Ancient poetry: including ancient poetry (poems before the Tang Dynasty), Chu Ci, and Yuefu poetry. Poems with ancient poetry themes such as "song", "gexing", "yin", "qu" and "yin" also belong to ancient poetry. Ancient poetry does not focus on antithesis and rhymes more freely. The development trajectory of ancient poetry: "The Book of Songs" → Chu Ci → Han Fu → Han Yuefu → Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties folk songs → Jian'an poetry → Tao Shi and other literati five-character poems → the ancient style and new Yuefu of the Tang Dynasty. 2. Modern poetry: As opposed to ancient poetry, it is also called modern poetry. It is a metrical poetry formed in the Tang Dynasty. It is divided into two types: quatrains and rhymed poetry. There are strict regulations on the number of words, the number of sentences, the rhythm, and the use of rhyme. 3. Ci: Also known as poetry, long and short sentences, tunes, tune lyrics, Yuefu, etc. Its characteristics: the tune has a definite pattern, the sentences have a definite number, and the words have a definite tone. Depending on the number of words, it can be divided into long tune (more than 91 words), middle tune (59~90 words), and small tune (within 58 words). 4. Qu: Also known as Ciyu and Yuefu. Yuan opera includes Sanqu and Zaju. Baidu Encyclopedia - Poetry There are many ways to classify poetry, which can be divided into different categories according to different principles and standards. The basic ones are as follows: 1. Narrative poetry and lyric poetry. This is divided according to the expression of the content of the work. (1) Narrative poetry: The poem has a relatively complete storyline and characters, which are usually expressed in the poet's passionate singing style. Epic poems, story poems, verse novels, etc. all belong to this category. Epics such as "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" by Homer of ancient Greece; story poems such as "Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang" by Chinese poet Li Ji; poetic novels such as "Don Juan" by British poet Byron, and "Don Juan" by Russian poet Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". (2) Lyric poetry: mainly reflects social life by directly expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings, and does not require the description of complete storylines and characters. Such as love songs, odes, elegies, elegy, pastoral and satire. There are many such works and it is not possible to list them all. Of course, narrative and lyricism are not completely separate. Narrative poetry also has a certain degree of lyricism, but its lyricism must be closely integrated with the narrative. Lyric poems also often narrate certain segments of life, but they cannot be extended and should be subject to the needs of lyricism. 2. Metrical poetry, free verse and prose poetry. This is classified according to the phonological rhythm and structural form of the language of the work. (1) Metric poetry: It is poetry written according to certain formats and rules. It has strict regulations on the number of lines of poems, the number of words (or syllables) in poems, tones and rhymes, word antithesis, sentence arrangement, etc. For example, the "rhymed poems", "quatrains", "ci" and "qu" in ancient Chinese poetry, European "Sonnets". (2) Free verse: It is a poetry style newly developed in modern Europe and America. It is not restricted by meter, has no fixed format, pays attention to natural and inner rhythm, rhymes with roughly similar rhymes or no rhymes, has a relatively free number of words, lines, sentence patterns, and tones, and the language is relatively popular. The American poet Whitman (1819-1892) is the founder of European and American free verse, and "Leaves of Grass" is his main collection of poems. This style of poetry has also been popular since the May 4th Movement in my country. (3) Prose poetry: It is a literary genre that has the characteristics of both prose and poetry. The works contain poetic artistic conception and passion, are often philosophical, pay attention to the natural rhythm and musical beauty, are short in length, and have no lines or rhymes like prose, such as Lu Xun's "Wild Grass". 1 Classification of Poetry The Chinese nation is an ancient nation. China is an ancient oriental civilization with a long history. Chinese literature, with its special content, form and style, constitutes its own characteristics and is on the same track as other national literatures in the world. Poetry is one of the earliest art forms in Chinese literature, and it is also the most fully developed genre in Chinese literature. Ancient poetry is a wonder of China's literary heritage. Tracing the development of Chinese poetry has a long history. However, due to different themes of poetry, the thoughts and feelings expressed are different, and the expression techniques and lyrical methods will also be different. Therefore, in order to appreciate ancient poetry well, one must have a clear understanding of subject matter classification and be able to make accurate judgments on specific poems. 1. Love poems are poems with the theme of love (including mourning), also known as "love songs" and "poems of boudoir". Love poems have a long history since the Book of Songs. They mainly describe the admiration and love life of men and women, or express the feelings of parting and missing each other. Such as "Jianjia", "Far Far Away Altair", "Untitled" ("It's hard to see each other and it's also hard to say goodbye" Li Shangyin), "Magpie Bridge Immortal" ("The delicate clouds are clever" Qin Guan) and so on. 2. Satirical poems are poems that use satirical or persuasive techniques to expose the darkness of society and the bleakness of the world, and to express the voice of the people or upright people. They are also called "ironic poems" and sometimes "political satirical poems". Satirical poetry also has a long history and has never disappeared from the Book of Songs to modern times.
Such as "Shuo Shu", "Cutting Sandalwood", "Bee" (Luo Yin of the Tang Dynasty), "Inscribed on Lin'an Residence" (Lin Sheng of the Southern Song Dynasty), "Drunk Taiping" ("Scorning those who are greedy for small profits", an unknown person in the Yuan Dynasty), etc. . Philosophical poetry is a kind of poetry that embodies or elaborates a certain philosophy by describing and discussing specific things. Some point out the theme, and some are subtle and make people think. Famous ones include Su Shi's "Inscriptions on the West Forest Wall" and "Qin Poems", and Zhu Xi's "Reflections on Reading Books", etc. In addition, although some poems are not philosophical poems, some of them are full of philosophical lines (such as "There is no way out after mountains and rivers, and there is another village with dark willows and bright flowers", "The green mountains cannot cover it, after all, it flows eastward", etc.), so we should also pay attention to it. 3. Farewell poems are also one of the earliest and most common themes. They mainly express parting feelings and hatred, or are used to encourage and exhort, or to express deep friendship, or to express the sorrow of separation. Because farewell is often associated with mountain climbing and facing water, it is also called "landscape farewell poem". Such as "Farewell to Du Shaofu in Shuchuan" (Wang Bo), "Farewell to Meng Haoran in Guangling" (Li Bai), "Two Poems of Farewell to Dong Da" (Gao Shi), etc. 4. Travel poems are also called travel poems and travel poems. It may describe personal travel experiences, or express feelings of homesickness and nostalgia, combining narrative and lyricism. This type of poetry is inseparable from the description of landscapes and scenery, so it is also called "landscape poetry". This is slightly different from pure landscape poetry, which is mainly about "recording lyrical feelings". For example, Du Fu's "Sentiments on a Night Journey" and Ma Zhiyuan's "Autumn Thoughts" cannot be regarded as landscape poems. 5. Frontier poems are poems whose basic content is to describe the scenery of the frontier and reflect the life of the soldiers on the frontier. Famous frontier poets in the Tang Dynasty include Gao Shi, Cen Shen, Wang Changling, Wang Zhihuan, Li Qi, etc. Gao Shi's "Yan Ge Xing", Cen Shen's "Baixue Ge Sends Magistrate Wu Back to the Capital", Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci", Wang Changling's "Out of the Fortress" and Fan Zhongyan's "The Proud of the Fisherman" ("The scenery under the fortress is strange in autumn"). "), etc., are all well-known masterpieces. 6. Epic poems are poems that chant or comment on historical stories and historical figures as a way to express feelings and satirize current events. They usually narrate first and then discuss. Some only describe comparisons without discussion, allowing readers to thinking. Among the poems with the theme of "Ode to History", Ban Gu's "Ode to History" and "Eight Poems in Ode to History" by Zuo Si of the Western Jin Dynasty are famous early masterpieces. Since then, it has continued to develop, and more epic poems have appeared, such as Zhang Jie's "Book Burning Pit", Li Shangyin's "Jia Sheng", Du Mu's "Ti Wujiang Pavilion" (Wang Anshi once opposed it), Wen Tingyun's "Five Essays on Classics" "Original" and so on, are all famous works. 7. Poems about things. This is poetry that expresses thoughts and feelings by chanting about natural or social things. Symbols and comparisons are common techniques. This type of poetry had already appeared before the Qin and Han Dynasties, and after the Tang Dynasty, more and more excellent poems were produced. Such as Wang Wei's "Acacia" ("Red Beans Are Born in the South"), Li Bai's "Egret", Du Fu's "Returning Wild Geese", Lu You's "Bu Suanzi·Yong Mei", Yu Qian's "Lime Song", Wang Mian's "Ink Plum Blossoms" " and so on are all famous poems that use natural objects to express one's own aspirations. 8. Chanting poems. This is a poem with the theme of chanting personal ambitions and reflecting or satirizing society. Paraphrasing, symbolism, association, etc. are its main techniques. Poems about eulogy also originate from the Book of Songs and are one of the most important poems in ancient poetry. Such as Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" and "She Jiang", Li Bai's "The Journey Is Difficult" and "About to Enter the Wine", Chen Zi'ang's "Dengyouzhou Taige", Su Shi's "Ding Feng Bo·Encounter on the Shahu Road", Lu You's " "Book of Anger" and so on, are all touching masterpieces. 9. Nostalgic poems. These poems are nostalgic poems that generate associations and imaginations due to paying homage to ancient relics, and arouse emotions and express aspirations. Nostalgia poems can be classified into the category of poems about the past, but they have unique characteristics; poems about the past are slightly different from poems about the past. Poems about the past are about expressing emotions and aspirations while visiting the historical sites of old places, while poems about the past do not need to go to the historical sites in person. You can write in it. Nostalgic poems such as Du Fu's "The Prime Minister of Shu", Liu Yuxi's "Woyi Alley" and "Stone City", Li Bai's "Ascend the Phoenix Tower of Jinling", Su Shi's "Niannujiao·Chibi Nostalgia", Xin Qiji's "Yongyu Le·Jingkou Beigu" Pavilion Nostalgic for the Past", Zhang Yanghao's "Shanshan Sheep·Tong Caring for the Past", etc., have left a lasting legacy. 10. Since readers are familiar with landscape poetry and pastoral poetry, we will not introduce them here. In addition, there are also poems on paintings, poems on palace complaints, poems without titles, etc. Because their themes may be compatible with other themes or determined by the content of the poems, they will not be described again.
41
Poetry can be divided into narrative poetry, lyric poetry, and philosophical poetry according to the way of expression.
The source of the two major poetic traditions of Romanticism, "The Peacock Flies Southeast" (Han Dynasty), "Yuefu Shuangbi" 1"
?
Another "Mulan Ci" has been learned in junior high school