An analysis of the "Made and Graceful Chapter" in "Red Cliff Ode"
"Reciting the poem of the bright moon and singing the graceful chapter" is a famous line in "Red Cliff Ode". How to understand this sentence? The textbook explains: "Recite the chapter 'Yaoyou' in the poem 'Ming Yue'. The poem of Mingyue refers to "The Book of Songs? 6? 1? 6? 1 Chen Feng? 6? 1? 6? 1 Moonrise'. This poem In the first chapter, there is the word "Shu Yao Jiu Xi" (in ancient times, the sound of "Yao Jiu" and "Yao Yao" were similar), so it is called "Yao Yao Zhi Zhang". The meaning is very clear. "The Poetry of the Bright Moon" refers to "The Poetry of the Bright Moon". "Chen Feng? 6? 1? 6? January Moonrise", "The Chapter of Yaoyao refers to the chapter of "Yaoyao".
Mr. Wu Xiaoru also made this explanation in "Reading Su Shi's "Red Cliff Fu"" Mr. Wu said in the article: "Here we write that the moon has not risen yet, so we first use "The Book of Songs? 6? Sentences are intertextual, but sometimes such intertextual sentences cannot be interchanged. Because the "Yaoyouzhizhang" is in the "Poetry of the Bright Moon" and has different connotations, the smaller one cannot be placed before the larger one. "It is very clear that "The Chapter of Graceful and Graceful" is a chapter in "Poetry of the Bright Moon".
Mr. Zhao Qiping also held this opinion in "Appreciation of "Red Cliff Ode"". He wrote: "'The Poem of the Bright Moon' and 'The Beautiful Chapter' refers to the first chapter of the poem "Moonrise" in "The Book of Songs? 6? Come here, you are relaxed and graceful, and you are busy and quiet. ’ This chapter of the poem describes how the poet saw the beauty’s delicate appearance and leisurely posture under the bright moonlight, which aroused his emotional yearning and anxiety. Singing such a poem not only leads to the author's own song "looking at the beauty" below, but also has the purpose of calling the moon to come by "the moon rises brightly". "
The three commentaries said that they reached the same goal by different paths: "The Chapter of Yaoyao" is the first chapter in "Moonrise", which is the chapter of "Yaojiu". Their explanations are conclusive and convincing. . However, this also raises a question: why did Su Shi only recite the first chapter of "Moonrise" that night and ignore the second and third chapters? It was because the poem was too long and he could not remember the contents of the second and third chapters. "Moonrise" has a total of 48 words in three chapters, and it has a structure of repeated chapters. If you remember the first chapter, it is not difficult to remember the second and third chapters of this poem. , for Su Dongpo, who was born as a Jinshi, he would not only remember the first chapter but not the other two chapters. So, would it be because the content of the other two chapters is far from the first chapter, and it would be difficult to convey "Wang Meiren". I found "Moonrise" and read it carefully, and found that this is not the case. In order to make it easier to see the relationship between the three chapters, the whole poem is copied as follows:
Chen Feng: The moon rises on June 1, June 1.
The moon rises brightly, and the outstanding people are there, the people are relaxed and graceful, and the hard work is quiet.
The moonrise is bright. The outstanding person is burnt, the comfortable one is tired, and the tired heart is miserable.
It is not difficult to see. , each chapter has the same sentence structure and the same number of words. Only five words are changed in each chapter, and there is no big difference in the meaning of these five words. They are similar and completely interchangeable, just like triplets, only the order of birth is different. There is no difference in appearance. The first chapter is reduced to the second or third chapter, and the third chapter is upgraded to the first or second chapter. It does not affect the emotional expression of the three chapters with such similar contents. It is difficult to understand that only one chapter is recited and two or three chapters are discarded.
The structure of repeated chapters in the Book of Songs artificially divides the same content into three chapters, which seems to be insufficient writing. It is concise and contains too little information, but it is a lyrical way that is common to ancient and modern times. The same sentence structure and similar content are sung over and over again. The poem "Moonrise" is fully expressed in the repeated chanting. The repeated chant composed of multiple chapters strengthens the protagonist's admiration for the beauty under the moonlight and the irritability of longing for it. If there was only one chapter, it would not have such a lyrical effect at this time. Su Shi was demoted. Huangzhou, hoping for a wise king but not being able to do so, trying to serve the country but not being able to do so, is extremely worried, angry, and depressed. His mood is very similar to that of the lyrical protagonist in "Moonrise". In this way, "Moonrise" becomes his expression of hope and hope. The best poem about depression. Such a poem is enough to convey the author's mood at the moment. The author's mood at the moment cannot be conveyed without such a poem. How could the singer suddenly shut up when he just opened his mouth?
< p>In fact, it is not that Su Shi only recited the first chapter and ignored the second and third chapters, but that we have a wrong understanding of "Miaoyouzhizhang" throughout "Ming Yue" - not just the first chapter. It describes the poet's admiration and uneasiness when he sees the beauty under the bright moon. The bright moon and the beauty are the two most prominent and eye-catching images in the poem. Su Shi is well aware of this phenomenon that often occurs in ancient poetry. In the sentence "Recite the poem about the bright moon and sing the chapter about the graceful moon", "Mingyue" refers to the verse in "Moonrise" where the moonlight shines brightly, not the poem "Moonrise"; The poem about the graceful beauty in "Moonrise" is not the first chapter of "Moonrise". At the same time, "poetry" and "Zhang" are intertextual, "Poetry" is "Zhang", and "Zhang" is "Poetry", which is the meaning of poetry. The full sentence means "reciting a poem about the bright moonlight and the graceful beauty."To interpret ancient poems, we must start from the words and sentences, and interpret the text with emotion. We should not take it for granted, but we should not be too realistic, because the ancients often used literary methods such as metonymy, intertextuality, partial meaning and compound words in poetry and composition, and did not understand this. Every word is solid, and it is inevitable to make a joke. Why do various annotations interpret this sentence as "reciting the chapter 'Mair and graceful' in the poem 'Ming Yue'" instead of "reciting the poem about bright moonlight and graceful beauty"? It is because they did not see the "Ming Moon" and "Mair and graceful" The rhetorical nature of metonymy does not see the intertextual nature of "poetry" and "chapter". Once you see these two points, you will have a completely new understanding.