2. Dark clouds: This describes that the smoke and dust of the war are overwhelming and diffuse near the border town, and the atmosphere is very tense. Said it was a real dark cloud in the sky.
3, Guang Jia sentence: describe the armor shining in the sun. Day: a book of the month. It is said that Wang Anshi criticized these two poems as unreasonable: "Dark clouds overwhelm the city, is there still light in the sun?" Yang Shen thinks that the natural scene with dark clouds and sunshine is a "congratulatory message", while Wang Anshi thinks that "the old headscarf in the Song Dynasty doesn't know poetry" (Sheng 'an Poetry). Shen Deqian also said that "the clouds cover the sky, and the sun suddenly appears, which is really a scene" (Tang Poetry).
There are different explanations for the above sentence: one is that the twilight is getting darker, the night falls, the sunset turns purple, and the sky and mountains are dim. For example, there is a saying in Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Teng-ting that "smoke condenses mountains and purple flowers". It is said that the fighting was fierce and cruel. From day to night, the blood on the battlefield appears a deep purple when the night is coming.
5. Yishui: Yixian County, Hebei Province today. Xiao is far from the fortress, so Jing Ke's story is used to express the tragic significance. During the Warring States Period, the Prince of Yan sent Jing Ke to stab the King of Qin at Yishui, and Jing Ke sang "The Song of Yishui": "The wind blows and the water cools, and the strong men are gone forever".
6, no sound: due to the cold and heavy frost, the drum can not be knocked. This sentence implies that the war is fierce and even the drums are dumb.
7. Huang Jintai: "The Warring States Policy Yance" contains Yan Zhaowang's thirst for talents, building a high platform, putting gold on it, and recruiting talents from all over the world.
8. Yulong: The name of the sword refers to the sword of this generation.
Yan Men Tai Shou Hang-Poetry Translation
Li he
The situation is like a dark cloud on the wall,
Armor shines like golden fish scales in the sun.
In autumn, horns sounded everywhere.
The crimson blood on the plug is like purple in the twilight.
The troops marched along Yishui,
The wind rolls red flags, thick frost drums, and the drums are low.
In return for the king's love,
Willing to hold high the sword and die in battle.
Wild goose gate is too defensive-interpretation of poems and songs
The first sentence and the second sentence of Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing describe the urgency of the war. "Dark clouds crush the city and destroy it" means that the rebels roll like dark clouds. The Book of Jin says, "Whoever has a dark cloud like a house in a fortified city is called a fine army." The essence of the army can reflect the dark clouds, which is naturally an absurd and superstitious statement. However, Li He is curious about writing poems. He introduced this statement into his own artistic conception and forged this famous sentence, which effectively described the aggressive momentum of enemy oppression and the emergency situation that Cheng Wei wanted to break through with a symbolic image. The word "pressure" vividly depicts the fierceness of the rebels, while the word "extermination" further depicts the overwhelming emphasis on the word "pressure", presenting us with a scene in which Cheng Wei tries to destroy enemy territory. The poet painted a layer of "black" color on the rebels with angry brushstrokes, giving people a harsh, gloomy, cold and oppressive feeling. "A bright light shines on the sun", which translates into a situation in which the defenders are in high spirits and ready to fight. "Guang Jia" refers to a samurai's armor shining with golden scales under the sunlight, and the word "Kai" is used for hard painting, which attracts people's attention. It vividly shows the full emotions of both men and women, and sees the war lined up in an orderly manner. The words "destruction" and "opening" are relative, which embodies the dauntless spirit of the border guards in safeguarding national unity. These two sentences are all due to their ability to brew atmosphere and have the power to show the essence of things more strongly. "Dark clouds overwhelm the city" is like the pressure of the enemy, and "a ray of sunshine shines on the sun" is like the hero god of the enemy. Both can be felt but cannot be described. The connotation of image is extremely rich. The poet used vivid metaphors and exaggerated techniques to describe the military strength and momentum of both sides before the fierce battle. At the same time, this "black cloud" and "golden scale" are in sharp contrast and set each other off. It is both a landscape and a narrative. With symbolic images, the author effectively rendered the tense atmosphere before the war and the high morale of the garrison soldiers, and revealed the poet's love and hate. As for Li He's writing this poem, it happened after the An Shi Rebellion, when the country was divided and the tyrant cruelly oppressed the people. He hates it. Therefore, he painted the frontier defense enthusiastically with fiery brush strokes. This sentence is suppression or promotion, and the scene is full of affection, and the praise is clear.
The three or four sentences in "Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing" are about fierce fighting scenes. "The autumn horn is ringing all over the sky, the swallow is fat, and the night is purple." These two sentences closely follow the sentence of "Guang Jia", depicting the soldiers guarding the city fighting for their lives. The author did not describe the scene of the close combat between the two armies, but wrote the fierce and tragic battle from two aspects of hearing and vision. Due to the disparity between the masses and the helpless, they finally had to retreat to the isolated city. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the description of this desperate battle with a strong enemy is not as good as the scene of a weapon, and can only be implied by the sound of autumn horns all over the sky. "Trumpets all over the sky" means that drums and trumpets are ringing together, and the sound is very loud! The next sentence explains the location of the battle. "Purple" refers to the purple soil near the Great Wall. "Yan Zhi", or "rouge", refers to the color of the blood shed by the border guards, suggesting that the border guards suffered heavy casualties. It makes readers seem to see the blood as red as rouge, which condenses into purple in the thick night. The word "man" magnifies the scene of fierce fighting and embodies the heroic momentum of border guards to kill the enemy. The word "coagulation" vividly depicts the result of a river of blood in the border defense, that is, the great sacrifice set off a fierce battle. With the passage of time, it has melted in the empty and desolate desert. The Great Wall is purple, so it is called Zisai. The poet came to express the coagulation of blood, with novel ideas and vivid images. These descriptions of the bleak scenery on a cold night set off the emergency situation of the isolated city, and naturally transitioned to the description of border guards who went out at night. This artistic conception is different from others. From Asahi to Night Purple, there is a fierce battle from day to night. This is a vivid battle picture.
Write five or six sentences about the defender's attack. "Half a roll of red flag is near the Weihe River, and the frost is heavy and cold." This is a scene about how the defenders of the besieged isolated city will break through the cold night and attack the enemy unexpectedly. "Half-volume Red Flag" has a strong writing style, which shows a depressed atmosphere after the defeat; Linyi reminds people that "the wind blows and the water cools, and the strong soil goes away and does not return"-a strong pride, suggesting that the soil is ready to die for the country. "The frost is heavy and the drum is cold" means that the soldiers are fighting against the cold wind, which shows the arduousness of the battle. "I can't afford to hurt my voice" means that the war will be fierce with the drums, which has revealed a strong tragic atmosphere. The last sentence says that although the drum can't be played, it is still playing, indicating that it has been defeated and unyielding. Late at night in the cold autumn, first frost was fierce, the drums were hoarse and the red flag was half rolled. Border soldiers marched into Xiao and attacked enemy soldiers at night, just like a painting. The word "pro" depicts the powerful momentum and winning belief that the frontier has broken through the ground. A word "heavy" describes the cold as if it has weight and a low atmosphere. These two sentences are concise, desolate and shocking. These two sentences still focus on using atmosphere to express the situation of things. At the same time, these two sentences are another gap in composition, which sets off the heroism and perseverance of the last two sentences and serves the country with death. The above six sentences focus on the situation of war with atmosphere, creating a typical atmosphere for the latter two sentences.
Yanmen satrap
Write seven or eight sentences about the determination of soldiers to die for their country. "I'll give you a reward, Huang Jintai, for supporting Yulong". "Huang Jintai" allocated a large amount of funds to attract talents and land on the coast of yi river, that is, Yan Zhaowang. In the allusion of Yan Zhaowang during the Warring States Period, he built this platform to attract talents from all over the world, which is used here to refer to being reused by the state. Yulong is a sword. These two sentences are the theme of the whole poem. The poet lived in the late Tang Dynasty, when the country was in decline and wars continued. In the west, there was the Tufan Rebellion, while in the north, there were the Uighur, Xi and Qidan Rebellion. They seek hegemony over each other, sometimes rebel together, and sometimes rely on strong mergers, all eyeing up and trying to annex the royal family. As a descendant of the imperial clan in Tang Dynasty, the poet hated the forces of the buffer region, although he was depressed all his life and had no reward for his ambition. He hoped that the imperial court could select and appoint talents like Yan Zhaowang, so as to pacify the four seas. This thought reflected the people's desire to oppose separatism, resistance and national unity, which was of progressive significance at that time. These last two sentences saturated the poet's strong will, that is, once he was received by the monarch, he would devote himself to state affairs without hesitation.
Li He's poems often have novel and unique features, which are obvious in this poem. As far as his pursuit of novelty is concerned, Han Yu takes prose as poetry, momentum as power, and chapters as arrangement, and likes to use strange words to seek charm; Li He found a new way. What runs through his artistic creation is the amazing richness and strangeness of imagination, which is almost bizarre, unconventional, unexpected and novel. This remarkable feature is widely manifested in material selection, scene description, word selection and so on. Rich imagination. From the rampant and fierce momentum of the rebellion in the buffer region, it is novel to think of the rolling black clouds and the whole border town, and then think of the crisis in the isolated city and the upcoming tragic fighting. At the end of the poem, the wings of the poet's imagination leap into "Huang Jintai", which fully shows his strong feelings of serving the country. This rich imagination not only highlights the theme of poetry, but also opens up the realm of poetry and enhances the artistic appeal. This idea is very novel. This poem is about war, but it doesn't directly describe the fierce scene of hand-to-hand combat with staggered hubs. Instead, it focuses on rendering the atmosphere. Through fighting, the atmosphere is rendered layer by layer, gaining momentum step by step, making the theme of the work stand out.
Wild goose gate is too defensive-a brief introduction to poetry
The poem "Wild Goose Gate's Taishouxing" sings an ancient theme of life-serving the monarch, saving the country from disaster, and a scholar dying for a confidant. Du Zhao was quoted in Poems of the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty: "This poem says that the city is in danger and there is no shortage of armour. As for the mourning, the sunset glow is purple, everywhere sad, still in the forefront, there is no way out. Although the morale of the army is exhausted, the drums are not beaten, but the sword is still there, and it will not live up to the country. They are all very loyal and generous. " Since the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, border wars have occurred from time to time, and the war written in the poem refers to a certain place and time. The phrase "a light shines on the sun" also has the word "shines on the moon", so the time of war is day and night. In any case, it must be extremely tragic and tragic. It's a bit like Qu Yuan's "Guo Shang", which is not about victory but about failure. In the tragic defeat, it eulogized the heroic spirit of the soldiers fighting bloody battles and dying. At the same time, it also expressed the poet's own desire to make contributions to the monarch and the country.
Lu You said: "Congratulations are like a hundred flowers, dazzling." This poem uses rich colors such as black, yellow (gold), red, white and purple to describe intense and tragic battle scenes. The color contrast is large, and the contrast is very clear and strong, which complements the tragic mood in the poem.
Li He likes to use strange colors in his poems, such as shades, heavy colors, bright colors and variegated colors. For example, he wrote green: cold green, decadent green, silk green, condensed green and static green; Writing red includes: smiling red, cold red, worrying red and old red; Ghost lights write "paint", ghost fires write "green", candlelight writes "cold green", and so on.
Many of Li He's poems are difficult to understand, but this one has different interpretations, but there is no agreement. The understanding of poetry is also very different.
After this short poem, it is said that the enemy Xiao is not afraid of danger and will die with his sword? Its theme is really related to fighting. However, the first four sentences mainly focus on scenery, except for "flowers in flowers" and "the sound of horns", which indicate that there are soldiers here, and they do not clearly describe the siege and breakthrough. Therefore, the differences in interpretation are mostly due to the different experiences of "suggestion". Although the implication is beyond the words, it still comes from words. A poem accumulates words into sentences, and sentences into articles, becoming an internally related whole. The first four sentences of this poem are quite difficult to understand, but the last four sentences are quite clear. Explain the last four sentences clearly, and then look back at the first four sentences, the meaning of the whole article is not difficult to understand.
Yanmen satrap
Look at the last four sentences first. "Half-rolled red flag near Yishui" implies that there was a marching process before "near Yishui". "Half-rolled red flag" is to reduce resistance, which is a feature of marching, such as "half-rolled red flag going out of Yuanmen". The word "pro" also shows the momentum of marching. So, did you meet the enemy after Lin Yishui? If so, what is the strength comparison? Who is the situation in favor of? All this is not described positively in the last three sentences, but the implication is clear: First, "facing yi river" means that progress is blocked, which reminds people of "Song of yi river": "The wind blows and the water cools, and the strong man is gone forever." Second, drumming is marching, but "heavy frost and cold drums" imply the seriousness of the war situation through unfavorable natural conditions. Third, at the end of the two sentences, it is self-evident that the Lord will go into battle with his sword and swear to repay his debt with death, then the enemy is now.
The first sentence is marked "black" on the "cloud", and the atmosphere is already very heavy. And this "dark cloud" has "crushed the city" and even "the city is going to be destroyed", which is obviously symbolic. The word "black" on the "cloud" is naturally not used to symbolize our army but the enemy. The enemy's siege is so fierce that our army has only deus ex's chance. "A bright light shines on the sun" is in sharp contrast with the previous sentence in color and form. It obviously contains joy and praise, of course, referring to our army. At first, the city was surrounded by dark clouds, and then the dark clouds collapsed and the sun was shining. The shining armor of our soldiers is like golden scales in the sun, dazzling. In other words, we fought our way out and defeated the enemy.
The first sentence and the second sentence in the Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing describe siege and breakthrough, which constitute a meaningful unit. The following eight sentences are written to pursue the enemy until the enemy comes to Xiao, which is another meaning unit "horn", an ancient military instrument. There is a record of "blowing the horn and withdrawing troops" in the biography of the northern history of Jiande Wang Yanzong. Looking at the context, the phrase "the horn is full of autumn colors" is based on virtual realism. Show the magnificent scene of the enemy retreating and chasing in the reader's imagination. The word "night" in "blocking rouge and setting night purple" takes care of the word "day" in the first sentence, indicating that the breakthrough has been long, and the two sides are fighting each other. "Put on rouge", the old explanation quoted in Notes on Ancient and Modern Times, "Qin built the Great Wall, so it was called Zisai", is generally good. Closely following the "horn sound" and "autumn color" to describe the red and purple of the earth, people can't help but want to see the bloodiness of the war; Adding a word "coagulation" before "purple" further strengthens this association.
From "day" to "night" or even "frost" in the middle of the night, the pursuers had already arrived in Yishui, and the enemy naturally arrived in Yishui first. The pursuers followed, and if the enemy wants to cross the water, it may be that the whole army will re-serve, so it can only be the last fight. At the thought of Han Xin's backwater array, I knew how severe the situation facing the pursuer was! It is a reflection of this grim situation that the drum can't afford to fight, and the Lord swears to death. As for the result of a quick victory, let readers imagine it. Poets use special artistic techniques to express their unique artistic imagination, or use symbols, hints, or contrasts, or use virtual reality, sound visualization, and exchange parts for the whole, leaving readers with too broad imagination space, so readers' understanding varies from person to person.
The outstanding features of Li He's poems are novel images, bright colors, novel shapes and rich imagination. In Wild Goose Gate, these characteristics are fully and fully reflected. Take the last two sentences as an example to see how he pays attention to color setting and modeling. These two sentences say that the monarch will repay his kindness and he will fight to the death, but there is no conceptual language. The external image and internal activities of the monarch are highlighted through modeling and coloring. During the Warring States Period, Yan Zhaowang once built a platform to attract talents, because it was called "Huang Jintai". Jade Dragon was used as a sword in the Tang Dynasty. Gold and white jade are cherished by the world because of their texture and color. "Dragon" is a noble animal in ancient legends, and "Huang Jintai" is a symbol of longing for talents. The poet chose the shapes of "Jade Dragon" and "Huang Jintai", and wrote the poem "The Golden Platform repays the emperor's wishes and asks Jade Dragon to die for him", and the image of an energetic Lord came into view. His lofty spirit of not dying for his country and the virtue of the monarch attaching great importance to talents give readers a strong and beautiful feeling.
Yan men tai shou hang-structure analysis
The first two sentences of the Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing say that in a high-pressure city with dark clouds, the city is like a force that is about to be destroyed. The sunshine in the cloud gap shines on the soldiers' armor, flashing golden scales, depicting the enemy soldiers under siege and the soldiers will be broken. In the three or four sentences, (horn blaring all over the sky) refers to fierce fighting during the day and (swallowing fat purple at night) refers to the battle of blood night, describing the scene after fierce fighting. Five or six sentences describe the retreat, the flag is half-rolled, and the drums are not lifted. At the end of the two sentences, it is the intention to fight for every inch of land, fight to the death with the enemy and serve the country faithfully. This poem is desolate in artistic conception and tragic in tone, much like the national mourning in Qu Yuan and Nine Songs. Du Mu said that the congratulatory poem was (the descendant of Miao Sao) and what he saw was true. Only by concentrating this kind of poem can we get its charm and righteousness.
The situation at that time was a poem written by the Tang Dynasty to defend the enemy. Enemy at the Gates, outnumbered, the war is very hard. But the soldiers in the Tang Dynasty were not afraid, showing a fearless spirit of serving the country. In the first two sentences, the word "dark cloud" has two meanings. One is the weather, and the other is the metaphor of enemy soldiers. The emergence of "pressing the city to run wild" is a military emergency, which is undoubtedly the content of "feather state". Because of this, the Tang dynasty rushed to send troops to participate in the war. The last two sentences are about soldiers' lofty sentiments and ambitions, which reveal the heroic loyalty to the country in mass festivals everywhere.
The words used in this poem are rich and colorful, such as "black, fat, purple, red and gold". And the poet is also very particular about rhyme. He first showed high spirits in a flat voice, and then turned to a low voice, full of changes. As Shen Deqian said, "Every word is tempered, and Hasega concentrates on pushing the works of the times." (Zhang Gu's Advocating Leisure) This shows that Li He cherishes this poem.
I like Li He's poems. It can be said that he is a fan, but I like him because his poems inherit the style of Chu Ci. I like his proposition, fate and destiny, which deeply stung the shortcomings of the time and the present. There are thoughts of grief and loneliness hidden between short sentences. Li He's poems had an aestheticism tendency in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. Li He's poems are rich in words, gloomy, strange, sad and Leng Yan, and make good use of metaphors, symbols, hidden thorns and contrasts. In the late Tang Dynasty, Du Mu prefaced five years after Li He's death. The preface of the abstract is as follows.
Yanmen satrap
Clouds and smoke are not enough for its state, water is far enough for its feelings, and the angel of spring is not enough for its harmony.
Autumn is bright and clean, not enough for its wind, not enough for its courage, not enough for its ancient times,
A beautiful woman doesn't deserve her color.
The first sentence of Li He's "Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing" says: "Dark clouds crush the city and light scatters the sun." He said that he praised Han's retirement with a poem. Han was tired in summer and wanted to make people retire. Open his collection of poems, the first one is "Wild Goose Gate", which is unexpected to read, but it is a tape. Wang Song Jeff: "This is a mistake! When dark clouds flood the city, is there still light in the sun? " Or ask Han and Wang Ergong to take the differences in this poem. who is it? Yu Yue said, "The old headscarf of the Song Dynasty didn't know poetry. Every soldier besieges the city, there will be strange clouds that change color. In the past, people gave Hong Men the saying that there is a dragon in the east and rain in the west, which explained this meaning. In Yunnan, it is worthy of the change of Anfeng. Living in a besieged city, you can see the double halo of the sun, and the dark clouds are like jiaozi beside it. I began to believe in the beauty of congratulations. "
Wild goose gate satrap-poet
Li he
Li He (790 ~ 8 16): Li. China was a poet in Tang Dynasty. The word is long and auspicious. No Shi Gui. Originally from Longxi, he was born in Changgu, Fuchang (now Yiyang, Henan), and later called Lichanggu. The imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty is descended from Li Liang, the king of Zheng, but his family has declined. Outstanding talent as a teenager, a minor celebrity in Beijing. The father's name is Jin Su, and he is not allowed to be promoted to the first place because he avoids his father's taboo. He was depressed and sickly all his life, and only served as Li Lang for three years. He was only 27 when he died, and later he called it.
Li He took poetry as his career all his life, and his poems can be divided into four categories. (1) satirizes dark politics and bad social phenomena. Some of these poems express current affairs directly, while others satirize the present with ancient words. Representative works include Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing and Old Lady Picking Jade Songs. Among these poems, there are few five ancient poems and seven ancient poems, and most of them are Yuefu poems. Or borrow old questions, or innovative questions, mostly concise and gorgeous. Some words have vague meanings, such as The Golden Boy Ren Xian Ci Han Ge. Two people are angry and lyrical. This kind of poems not only have personal frustration, depression with illness, fleeting time and short life, but also have the grievance of "no one will ever know" and the lofty aspirations of "there is no hero in the world" and "gathering 50 States in Guanshan". (3) the theme of immortals and ghosts. The twists and turns of this kind of poetry show his disgust and denial of reality. Later generations called him a genius. (4) other themes such as chanting things. This kind of poems generally shows the breadth of Li He's poems and the depth of his thoughts. Li Heshi's imagination is rich and peculiar, profound and fantastic, with refined sentences, magnificent colors and romantic atmosphere. But there are a few poems that are easier to understand. He is good at short stories, such as Ballad in the Sky, Dream in the Sky, Song of Di Zi and Princess Xiang. These are his representative works, and they are called "long matrix". He wrote many ancient poems and Yuefu, but few, and there were no seven laws. His poems draw lessons from the style of Qi Liang Gong Ti poems, and are also contaminated with some unhealthy things. Because of too much emphasis on carving, some poems are often obscure in meaning and piled up in words. Li He once edited his anthology. There is an annotated collection of Li He's poems. I have read Li Shangyin's Biographies of Li He, Biographies of Old and New Tang Books, Xuanshizhi, You Xian Xuan He and Yan Yan in my life.
Wild Goose Gate's Defensive Behavior —— Artistic Features
Yanmen satrap
It is that the imagination is very rich, strange, and bleak, and every sentence is refined and vivid. Strange words such as "Why knock on the sun glass", "Drunk and drink the bright moon" ("Drinking by the King of Qin") and "Floating clouds learn the sound of water" ("Songs in the sky") abound. He is especially good at short stories, such as Ballad in the Sky, Dream of Heaven, Song of Di Zi, ChristianRandPhillips and so on. , is a masterpiece called "long body" by later generations. He also has several works that are easy to understand, such as Love Walks, Five Satiries, Beijing and Mocking Teenagers.
He wrote many ancient poems and Yuefu, rarely wrote modern poems that were popular at that time, and never wrote any seven-character poems, which shows his dissatisfaction with the poetic style at that time. On the other hand, he was influenced by the poems of Qi Liang Palace, borrowed their words, and was contaminated with some unhealthy things. Because of too much emphasis on carving, some works also have the defects of obscure meaning and piled up words. But as far as the basic achievement is concerned, just as he praised Han Yu's works, it is "28 nights in my heart, and the essence of Yuan is still there" (Guo). In the Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin and Wen's ancient poems followed the path initiated by Li He. Liu Kezhuang and Xie Ao in Song Dynasty, Sadu and Yang Weizhen in Yuan Dynasty, Li Jian and Yao Xie in Qing Dynasty were all influenced by Li Heshi. Li Changji's Collection of Song Dynasty Prints
Yanmen Taishouhang-Central Thought
This poem depicts a fierce battle: the nomadic people in the north attacked Yanmenguan in the south like dark clouds, and the defenders led the troops to meet the enemy. Fighting until the autumn night, there is blood everywhere, which gradually condenses like purple rouge. The general came to the river with a half-rolled red flag, and was urged by the drums to stand up no longer. In order to repay the emperor's kindness, a famous dragon died in battle. This article describes the war between the imperial court and the northern provinces. It describes that Chengwei will be broken, enemy soldiers will be pressed very close, and fierce fighting will take place. The war is arduous and very tragic, which shows the determination of the soldiers guarding the city to kill the enemy bravely and swear to serve the country.