1. Wine Sage Du Kang
"Dukang, courtesy name Zhongyu, was a native of Kangjiawei in our county and was good at making wine." The spring water in Dukang Valley "guys out faintly, and does not dry up until winter. It flows four miles into the Baishui River. The villagers say that the water still smells like wine." It is said that Du Kang took some water to make wine, and there are writings to prove it: "His wine is enough to nourish the wine; white wine can only cure diseases. Therefore, if you drink it all day long, you will not be in trouble; if you drink it for a lifetime, you will have the harmony of Qi and blood." . The neighborhood is hundreds of miles away, and many people sell wine in Baishui. The legacy of Xianze is unique to this place, and it is clear that Du Kang was born and died in Baishui. The pride of the people. Dukang wine brews honest local customs and ancient Baishui culture. During the Ming and Qing dynasties and the Republic of China, there were thousands of Baishui pot cookers and wine shops all over the country. During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao sung the eternal masterpiece of "generosity should be used as generosity, and worries are unforgettable. Du Kang is the only one who can relieve worries." There is a beautiful poem about "drinking and labor frequently": Pi Rixiu, a poet of the late Tang Dynasty, also wrote a beautiful poem about "drops and drops of sound, and Dukang language condensed in the air". The fragrant Dukang wine fully demonstrates the simplicity and enthusiasm of the Loess Plateau. To.
2. Literary Sage Confucius
Confucius (551 BC to 479 BC) was named Qiu and given the courtesy name Zhongni. A great thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and the founder of Confucianism. A native of Lu. He is the founder of the Confucian school and put forward the idea of ??"benevolence". He is a famous thinker and educator in ancient China.
He is determined to learn and is knowledgeable and versatile. He created a trend of private lectures and recruited many disciples, regardless of wealth or poverty. It is said that he had 3,000 disciples, 72 of whom were outstanding. He became a messenger of cultural dissemination. He traveled around the world, and in his later years he concentrated on the compilation and dissemination of ancient documents. He devoted himself to education, collated ancient classics such as "Poems" and "Books", and deleted and revised "Spring and Autumn". His students recorded his thoughts, words and deeds in The Analects of Confucius.
Through Confucius’ lifelong advocacy and the development of Confucianism in the past dynasties, Chinese Confucianism has become the mainstream of Chinese culture and has been the guiding ideology of the Chinese for more than two thousand years. The core of Confucius' ideological system is the rule of virtue. He persistently advocated a moralized society and a moralized life. The highest standard of a moralized society is "propriety", and the highest value of a moralized life is "benevolence". Confucius taught people to actively pursue the 'principle of loyalty and forgiveness' of "to establish oneself, establish others; to achieve oneself, to achieve others" and "don't do to others what you don't want others to do", in order to establish a correct outlook on life and correctly handle the relationship between people. Confucius advocated the teaching of "the unity of nature and man" to deal with the relationship between man and nature. He also elaborated and promoted the principle that people should not only "benevolent to the people", but also "love things". The country must implement the virtuous policy of "teaching the rich" so that society and culture can develop. Confucius believed that the highest achievement of civilization is to cultivate ideal personality to create an ideal society, and to achieve "the world is a common people" by practicing "the way of the inner saint and the outer king". ", "Great Harmony World": the realm of Confucius. Because of Confucius' outstanding contributions and far-reaching ideological influence, he was respected by the Chinese as the most holy teacher and a role model for all generations.
3. Sima Qian, a historical sage
Sima Qian was a historian and writer of the Western Han Dynasty. He was born in Xiayang (now southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi Province) in the fifth year of the Han Dynasty (145 BC). It is said that he was born in the sixth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (135 BC), and the year of his death is unknown. At the age of 10, Sima Qian began to study ancient scripts and biographies. Around the years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Yuan Guang and Yuan Shuo, he studied "Gongyang Chunqiu" from the modern writer Dong Zhongshu. At the age of 20, he traveled south from Chang'an, the capital, and traveled throughout the Jianghuai River Basin and the Central Plains. He investigated customs and collected legends wherever he went, and soon became a doctor and became Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The bodyguards and retinues accompanied him on many western tours, including as an envoy to Bashu. In the third year of Yuanfeng (108 BC), Sima Qian succeeded his father Sima Tan and was appointed Taishi Ling, in charge of astronomical calendars and royal atlases, so he was able to read the official historian's office. Collection of books. In the first year of Taichu (104 BC), the Taichu Calendar was compiled with Tang Du, Luo Xiahong and others to replace the "Zhuan Xu Calendar" inherited from the Qin Dynasty. The new calendar adapted to the needs of the society at that time. Sima Qian began to write "Historical Records". Later, he was convicted and imprisoned for defending Li Ling who surrendered to the Huns.
After he was released from prison, he served as Zhongshu Ling and continued to write "Historical Records". Written by some people, it is called "Tai Shi Gong Shu". It is China's first biographical general history and has a profound influence on later generations of history. "Historical Records" has vivid language and vivid images. It is also an excellent literary work. It records his experience of being imprisoned and tortured and his ambition to write a book, which has been praised by generations. Sima Qian is a great historian in Chinese history. "He was castrated for speaking out and admonishing, but he became even more passionate about writing books and created famous works at home and abroad." Shi Xuechen wrote "Historical Records" and left a precious cultural heritage to the Chinese people and the people of the world.
4. Poet Du Fu
Du Fu (712-770), courtesy name Zimei, was born in Gong County, Henan Province (now Gong County, Henan Province). He is a famous poet. Du Shenyan's grandson. Because he once lived in Shaoling, south of Chang'an City, he called himself Shaoling Yelao, and was known as Du Shaoling in the world. Read and travel before the age of thirty-five. When he arrived in Chang'an during the Tianbao period, he had no way to enter the officialdom. After ten years of hardship, he got the small post of right guard and led the governor of the government to join the army. When the Anshi Rebellion began, he went into exile and was captured by the rebels. After escaping from danger, he was awarded the rank of Zuo Shiyi.
In the second year of Qianyuan (759), he abandoned his official position and traveled westward, finally arriving in Sichuan and settling in Chengdu. He served as Yan Wumuzhong, the envoy of the Jiannan Festival, and served as Wailang, a member of the School Inspection and Engineering Department, so he was also known as the Du Gongbu. In his later years, his family moved eastward, staying in Kuizhou for two years before leaving the Xiaxia. He wandered around Hubei and Hunan and died of poverty and illness.
Zimei lived during the historical period when the Tang Dynasty was transitioning from prosperity to decline. His poems mostly dealt with social unrest, political darkness, and people's suffering, and are known as the "history of poetry." He was concerned about the country and the people, had a noble personality and superb poetic skills, and was regarded as the "Sage of Poetry".
Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and developing them creatively. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu style of poetry. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the New Yuefu Movement in the mid-Tang Dynasty. His May 7 ancient novel is both poetry and history. It unfolds the narrative, but also focuses on the convolution of the entire article, marking a high achievement in the art of poetry in my country. Du Fu also showed significant creativity in the Five and Seven Rhythms, and accumulated complete artistic experience in rhythm, antithesis, word and sentence refining, etc., bringing this genre to a fully mature stage. There is "Du Gongbu Collection" handed down from generation to generation.
5. Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing
Zhang Zhongjing was a famous doctor in the Eastern Han Dynasty. His surname was Zhang Mingji and his courtesy name was Zhongjing. A native of Nieyang, Nanyang County (now Rangdong Town, Deng County, Henan Province), he was born in about 150 AD and died in 219 AD. Zhang Zhongjing was talented, diligent and eager to learn. When he was young, he studied medicine from Uncle Zhang in the same county and learned all about it. "Li Lian's Medical History" of the Ming Dynasty said: "Zhongjing's skills are better than those of his uncle. Even ghosts and gods can't know the diagnosis of the onset of illness. He is truly a miraculous doctor."
Zhang Zhongjing read a lot of books and picked up a wide range of books. Zhongfang, systematically summarized the essence of medicine before the Han Dynasty, and based on his rich medical practice experience, wrote "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" in sixteen volumes (after the Tang and Song Dynasties, "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" was divided into "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases") and the two books "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber"). Later generations of medical practitioners called Zhang Zhongjing the "Medical Sage" and regarded "Shanghan" and "Jingui" as medical classics. Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" is the first medical classic with complete "principles, methods, prescriptions, and medicines" in the history of human medicine. He was the first to systematically and completely expound the causes and pathology of epidemics and various internal diseases. As well as treatment principles and methods, it laid a solid theoretical foundation for the development of various clinical disciplines in later generations.
6. Martial Saint Guan Yu
Guan Yu, also known as Yunchang, was a general of the Shu Kingdom in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He valued loyalty and excelled in martial arts. Later generations called him "Guan Sheng" and "Guan Emperor". ".
During his lifetime, except for Cao Cao's request to Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty to confer Guan Yu the title of Marquis of Shouting of the Han Dynasty, Guan Yu's official official positions were as governor of Xiangyang and governor of Jingzhou affairs. The titles conferred by Liu Bei were first Dangkou General and then Former General, ranking first among the "Five Tiger Generals" of the Shu Han Dynasty. Forty-one years after his death, that is, the third year of Shu Jingyao in the Three Kingdoms (260, which happened to be the 100th anniversary of his birth), Liu Chan, the later master, was posthumously named Marquis Zhuangmu. However, from the beginning of the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the end of the Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu received more and more titles from feudal emperors. "A lord is a king, a king is an emperor, an emperor is a saint, and a saint is heaven." There are endless praises and titles, and endless temple worship. Guan Yu became famous at home and abroad and became one of the most worshiped sacred idols in history. He was as famous as Confucius and was called the "Two Saints of Civilization and Military Affairs". Guan Yu is famous for his loyalty, righteousness, bravery and martial arts. Feudal rulers of all ages needed such typical figures as patron saints to maintain their rule, so they exaggerated and exaggerated their character of loyalty, righteousness, courage, and martial arts. They hoped that more civil servants and generals would be as loyal as Guan Yu. To the king, to offer bravery to the country.