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Mind is one of Su Xun's "Politics". This paper discusses the method of using troops in sections, which is divided into eight aspects: governing the mind, respecting righteousness, being a monk, being wise and foolish, anticipating the enemy, sizing up the situation, winning by surprise, and defending the situation, with governing the mind as the core, so the title is "mind" It contains some simple dialectical views, but there are also feudal political techniques such as "it is difficult to fill the gap" and "the scholar wants to be stupid". The whole paragraph is clear and orderly.
original text
In order to teach the truth, we should first treat the heart. Mount Tai collapses in front of it, but its color remains the same. Elk thrives on the left without blinking, and then it can control its interests and rule its enemies.
Every soldier is just; Don't move if you are unjust. If you don't move, you will be at a loss, and one day you will be at a loss. A righteous man can anger a scholar, and a righteous scholar can anger a hundred battles.
Every way of fighting, not fighting to raise money, fighting to raise strength, not only raises the spirit, but also raises the heart. I want to express my regret and severely reprimand the tiller, so that he has no scruples, so he raises his wealth; Rich and excellent, so raise its strength; Small wins are urgent, small setbacks are beneficial, and their qi is raised; People don't do whatever they want, so they nourish their hearts. Therefore, scholars often have their own desires. Endless anger leads to excessive courage, and endless desire leads to excessive greed. Therefore, although he is at peace with the world, scholars are tireless in fighting, and the reason why the Yellow Emperor fought seventy wars was that the soldiers were not in danger. If you don't cultivate your heart, you will win the first battle, so you can't use it.
Anyone who wants wisdom is strict, and anyone who wants stupidity is stupid. Wisdom is unpredictable, and strictness cannot be made. Therefore, all scholars are under their own orders, and husbands are not stupid. Husband is only a fool, and then he can die with him.
Whenever a soldier moves, he knows the enemy's master and the enemy's general, so that he can move in danger. Wargo's invasion of Shu is none of Liu Chan's business, and millions of troops can do nothing. Naturally, he was touched by the insult. Therefore, the ancient sages can taste the enemy with soldiers and taste themselves with enemies, so they can decide when to go.
Every master's way, know the reason and then you can transfer troops, know the situation and then you can add troops, and then you can fight. Be unyielding in knowledge, not depressed in knowledge, and never poor in knowledge. Don't move when you see small interests, and don't avoid small troubles. Small interests and small troubles are not enough to humiliate my skills, and then my husband has a big fight with Italy. A husband who loves himself only by practicing skills is invincible in the world. Therefore, patience can support a hundred braveness, and silence can control a hundred actions.
Soldiers are long and short, and the enemy and I are also one. Dare to ask: "my strengths, I will use them when I am out, and he will not learn from me;" What I lack, I will make up for it, and he will be stronger than my horn. what can I do? "yue:" I am short, I am resistant and violent, which makes me suspicious; "My strengths, I cultivate them in the shade, and make them fall into it. This is also the skill of length. "
Those who make good use of soldiers make them ignore and rely on them. If you don't care, you know that death is not enough; If you rely on something, you won't know that you will fail. When the ruler is a tiger, he roars and attacks; When you meet a lizard with your bare hands, you will become discouraged, and so will your feelings. If you know this, you can do it. If he makes a sword with his head bare, Wu Huo will not dare to force him; If you wear armor and sleep like a soldier, the boy will be killed with a bow. Therefore, those who are good at using soldiers are solid. If a husband can be solid in form, he will be more powerful.
To annotate ...
Scheming: scheming, scheming. Here is the meaning of being short. Operation, method.
Governing the mind: refers to training soldiers' courage, will and hard-working spirit. Treatment, research. This refers to sports.
Elk: Elk, a kind of deer.
G: I'm sorry, it means to appear suddenly.
Yu Zuo: From the side. On the left, around, near.
Instant: blink.
Then: this is the only way.
Control interests: control interests and losses. Control, control and master.
Deal with the enemy: deal with the enemy. Treatment, treatment, treatment.
Soldier: Military, war.
Shangyi: Advocating justice. On "Shang", cherish Shang.
Interest: The original text chose "interest", and the word "interest" was not used in the "four-part" Jia.
Another day: some day in the future.
Measure: placement.
Nushi: Inspire soldiers. Anger, as a verb, inspires.
Hundreds of battles: many battles.
Increase its wealth: accumulate military materials. Raise and save. Money and materials.
Sincere advice (fēng suì): Do a good job in alarm work. Beacon, beacon fire and beacon smoke are two signals of ancient frontier defense newspapers. The smoke reported during the day is called "whistle" and the fire reported at night is called "bonfire", which is extended to the border police.
H2u: strictly observe the work on duty. Exclusion, an ancient earthen castle used to observe the enemy's situation, here refers to reconnaissance and waiting for the lookout. I also write "Hou".
Reward: used to treat soldiers with wine, food or property.
Youyou: A leisurely manner.
Frustration: Frustration, here refers to losing the battle.
Li: "encourage", encourage and motivate.
"employing people": don't satisfy all their desires at once when employing people. Whatever you want, what you want, and what you pursue are desires, desires.
Greed: Desire to realize unfulfilled wishes.
Merge the world: annex the world. Merge, merge, merge.
Boredom: I hate fighting.
Huangdi: The legendary ancestor of all ethnic groups in the Central Plains of China. According to legend, he defeated Emperor Yan and Chiyou and became the leader of the tribal alliance.
Almost: too lazy, slack off.
Clever and rigorous: witty and dignified. Wisdom, wisdom. Strict and dignified.
Desire: Should.
Self-discipline: wronged yourself. Committee, injustice.
W: Just like Wei. Just because, just because.
Move: attack, attack.
Master: Coach, boss.
General: General.
Act in danger: attack in a dangerous place. Risk, as a noun.
Wargo sent troops to Shu: In the fourth year of Jingyuan (263), during the Three Kingdoms period, Wei led Wargo to attack from a steep mountain road. The mountains are high and the valleys are deep, and the soldiers are tied with ropes. Wargo wrapped himself in felt cloth and slipped down the hill. Tie it to the rope and put it down.
Liu Chan: The last ruler of Shu in the Three Kingdoms period, nicknamed Adou, was the son of Liu Bei, who reigned from 223 to 263.
Sit down and finish it: it means easy to catch.
P: It refers to Wargo.
Solid: Originally.
Insult: contempt, contempt.
translate
As a general's principle, we must first cultivate our minds. Only when Mount Tai collapses in front of our eyes without changing color, and elk scurry around without blinking, can we control the interests and deal with the enemy.
The military advocates justice. If it is not justice, don't act even if it is profitable. It's not that every move is harmful, but something that can't be handled will happen in the future. Only justice can anger morale, and if you anger morale with justice, you can devote yourself to fighting.
The operational measures are roughly as follows: before the war has happened, we should accumulate financial resources; When the war is about to happen, we should cultivate combat effectiveness; When the war begins, we should cultivate morale; If you win the war, you must cultivate your mind. Carefully set up warning lighthouses, strictly patrol the border, and let farmers have no scruples and farm with peace of mind. This is the way to accumulate financial resources. Comfort soldiers with rich food, wine and other things, let them relax and save their strength. This is the way to cultivate combat effectiveness. To achieve a small victory, what is more urgent is the feelings of soldiers; If you suffer a little setback, you should encourage more soldiers. This is the way to cultivate morale. When using soldiers, we should pay attention to prevent soldiers from fully realizing their desires. This is the way to cultivate their minds. Therefore, soldiers often accumulate anger, but they have desires in their hearts and cannot fully realize them. If the anger is not eliminated, there will be more courage than praise. If the desire is not fully realized, it will continue to pursue, so even if the world is annexed, soldiers do not hate fighting. This is why the Yellow Emperor's army has never slackened after 70 battles. If you don't cultivate your mind, soldiers can't continue fighting after winning a battle.
Generals should be smart and strict, and soldiers should be ignorant. Smart and unpredictable, severe and offensive, so how can soldiers not be ignorant when they all give their lives to obey orders? Only soldiers are stupid, and then they can risk their lives.
Generally, when sending troops, we must know the enemy's king and the enemy's generals before sending troops to dangerous places. Wei general Deng Ai led the troops to cut. He trudged more than 700 miles from Yinping Hutong, tied the soldiers with ropes and fell from the mountain into a deep valley. If it weren't for Liu Chan, the late ruler of Shu Han, who was fatuous and incompetent, the million-strong army might have done nothing but give in easily. Wargo always looked down on Liu Chan, so he sent troops to dangerous places. Therefore, a good general in ancient times could use his army to test the strength of the enemy, and at the same time measure himself with the enemy's reaction, so as to decide his own course of action.
The principle of being a general is: be reasonable before sending troops, be reasonable before sending troops, and be reasonable before sending troops. If you understand the truth, you will not give in, if you understand the situation, you will not be discouraged, and if you understand moderation, you will not be embarrassed. Don't act rashly when you see small interests, and avoid small disasters. Small interests and disasters are not worth humiliating my skills, and then I can cope with big interests and disasters. Only those who are good at cultivating skills and cherish their own troops are invincible in the world. Therefore, forbearance can resist all kinds of courage, and quietness can control all kinds of actions.
The army has its own strengths and weaknesses, whether it is the enemy or the enemy. Excuse me: I use our strengths, but the enemy does not compete with me; I hid our shortcomings, but the enemy is trying to confront me. What should I do? A: I deliberately exposed our shortcomings and made the enemy suspicious and retreat; Our strengths, I secretly hide, let the enemy scoff, trap. This is a flexible way to use your strengths and weaknesses.
People who are good at fighting should let soldiers have no scruples, but rely on them. Soldiers have no scruples and know that sacrifice is not a pity; If you rely on something, you will know that you will not fail. Holding a foot-long whip, facing the tiger, dare to shout hard; When you meet a lizard empty-handed, you will turn pale and retreat again and again, which is human nature. If you understand this truth, you can lead troops. If you are naked but holding a sword, Hercules Wu Huo will not dare to approach; If he sleeps with a helmet and armor and a weapon, the child will dare to bow his head and shoot. Therefore, people who are good at fighting use various conditions to consolidate themselves; It is extremely powerful to be able to use various conditions to consolidate yourself.
Make an appreciative comment
The word "brain" has a complicated meaning. "Guanzi" has a chapter "Heart", which talks about the way of nourishing the heart and governing the country with the theory of emptiness. Su Xun's Mind is about the general's psychological cultivation, the way to treat the enemy, the skills of thinking and motivation.
The article first discusses the "general": "If you want to teach a general, first cure his heart". Governing the mind is psychological cultivation. In the author's opinion, the most important psychological qualities of a general are two points: first, superhuman calmness, not chaos in the face of major events. "Taishan collapses in front, and the color remains unchanged"; Second, extreme silence can effectively eliminate all interference. "Elk thrives on the left without blinking." If we can do this, we can grasp the gains and losses and resist the enemy. Sun Tzu's cultivation of generals includes "wisdom, faithfulness, benevolence, courage and strictness" (Sun Tzu's Art of War). Su Xun also stresses wisdom and strictness, which belongs to intellectual and moral cultivation, but he thinks that calm and quiet psychological quality is more important. This is the "general demeanor."
Secondly, on "soldiers": "All soldiers are righteous". Upholding righteousness means advocating justice, "not moving without justice" and taking justice as the criterion of military action. If you are not just, you will "take something for victory and avoid something for failure" (Ji Xiang). The theory of emphasizing righteousness has its own nature, but Su Xun is not repeating the theory of generalization. He is a unitarian of justice and benefit, and thinks that "justice and benefit are combined, and the world is in the palm of his hand" (On the Beneficiary's Justice and Harmony). He put forward the principle of respecting righteousness from the purpose of profit, because a treacherous and mercenary war can only gain temporary benefits and will eventually come to the point of "being at a loss", which is a great disadvantage. If you act according to justice, you can do the best. Because "only righteousness can anger soldiers", we should inspire soldiers with "righteousness", "ten can anger with righteousness", and the handsome justice is invincible in the world.
Re-discussion on "On War": There are four ways to "fight": "Don't fight to raise money, fight to raise strength, not only to raise spirit, but also to raise heart". There are many reasons for the poverty and weakness of the Song Dynasty, among which the following are important reasons: the lower class can "make the tillers have no scruples", the soldiers are redundant, the supply is poor, and the people use "reward the number and add reactive power" (balance theory, size up the situation). The method of four cultivation proposed by him is precisely: "I want to express my gratitude, severely punish the plowman, raise his wealth, swim well and raise his strength;" Small wins are urgent, small setbacks are beneficial, and their qi is raised; People don't do whatever they want, so they nourish their hearts. The most important of these four trainings is "cultivating the heart"-cultivating and maintaining soldiers' positive mental state and high fighting will. "People don't do whatever they want" coincides with the theory that management is the most exciting and constantly stimulating. Constant stimulation can maintain morale and have "",while moderate stimulation can often lead to "depression and greed", and soldiers will always maintain strong fighting spirit. "Therefore, although they are unified with the world, they never get tired of fighting." This is the reason why the Yellow Emperor fought seventy wars without bloodshed (seventy wars may not have a source). On the contrary, "if you don't raise your heart, you will win the first battle." Soldiers are arrogant and lazy, "not available."
The above discussion about "generals", "soldiers" and "war" focuses on the big aspects, which are the road of generals, the road of military affairs and the road of waiting for war. Let's talk about generals, soldiers and wars. Let's talk about how to be a general in wartime, how to use troops in wartime, and how to think in wartime. Generals who fight should be "wise and strict" and scholars should be stupid, so that soldiers can commit themselves to obey orders and live and die with the generals. Su Xun's argument of being wise and foolish is certainly not good, but it is reasonable to ask soldiers to obey and carry out orders unconditionally. Using troops in wartime lies in five senses. To know the enemy, we must "know the master of the enemy and the general of the enemy", and then "fight against the wise and embrace them, fight against the fools and take advantage of them" (legal system). To "take advantage of the enemy's weakness" is to seize the weakness of the enemy generals and "move in a crisis" to win by surprise. During the Three Kingdoms period, Wargo "captured Shu from Yinping Road", crossed the natural barrier of Shu Road and attacked Shu. He dared to do so because he saw through the "mediocrity" of the rulers of the post-Shu Dynasty. Those who can know the enemy can "go and decide" and learn from their intimate friends. In yourself, we should "know the reason", "know the situation" and "know the festival". Truth is truth, and situation is strategic situation. To know your own situation, section refers to the laws and regulations that should be mastered in military command, which can correctly determine the operational plan and adjust the troops by section. "After knowing the reason, you can dispatch troops." Know its reason but not surrender, know its feelings but not depression, know its festival but not poverty. "Know yourself and know yourself, knowing the festival is the key, and it is also the purpose and performance of other four senses. Su Xun believes that a general who knows the festival can be "forbearing" and "quiet", and has the characteristics of "Taishan collapses in front, and the color remains the same". Elk's psychological quality is thriving on the left, and its eyes are not instantaneous. Before the arrival of the fighter plane, we can be patient and brave, and stop quietly, so as not to expose the operational strategy because of small losses, in order to cope with the catastrophe in Italy. If you can do this, you can be invincible in the world.
In Sun Tzu's Art of War, the article puts forward two points: one is the dialectical thinking number of avoiding reality and attacking emptiness, and the other is the dialectical relationship between "relying on something" and "consolidating with form"
"Soldiers have their own strengths", and everyone wants to make use of their strengths to avoid reality and be empty. But war is a matter for both sides. "My strengths, if used, will be different from our school;" What I lack, what I make up, he will be better than me. what can I do? "There are surprises in the soldiers, and the soldiers are not cheating. Su Xun believes that if we want to use the long and avoid the short, we must set up the wonder of the short: "I am short, I resist violence and make it suspicious;" My strengths, I cultivate them in the shade and make them fall into it. "Su Xun believes that short and long can achieve the purpose of using long and avoiding short.
"Those who make good use of soldiers" must make the troops "have nothing to worry about" and "have something to rely on" in order to fight bravely. All favorable conditions, such as solid terrain and the superiority of weapons, are "dependent", and relying on attendants can strengthen fighting spirit and boost morale. Just like a person, "the ruler hits the tiger and screams; When you meet a lizard with your bare hands, you will be discouraged by discoloration. " Relying on it is brave, relying on it is timid. "Human feelings are also." This is one aspect of the matter. If you think you have something to rely on, you will not be able to rely on it. It's like a man pressing a sword with his head bare, so Wu Huo won't dare to force him, and if he sleeps in armor, then the boy will bend his bow and kill him. "Those who make good use of soldiers should pay attention to the spiritual role of favorable conditions in order to invigorate the morale and consolidate the lineup. This is "consolidating by shape" and consolidating yourself with favorable situation, "more than enough." This is Su Xun's dialectical understanding of "relying on" rather than relying on.