What is the strategic significance and political policy of Zhuge Liang's Longzhong?

Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation in the world for Liu Bei and put forward the strategic concept of taking Jingzhou as his home, Yizhou as his foothold and the Central Plains. This strategy is based on Zhuge Liang's analysis of the following three aspects. First, under the conditions at that time, Liu Bei did not have the possibility of developing northward or eastward at all. Liu Bei's ultimate goal is "faithfulness is higher than the world" and improvise the restoration of the Han Dynasty. His main enemy is naturally the Cao Cao Group in the north. However, Cao Cao Group defeated Yuan Shao in the battle of Guandu, and its position was increasingly consolidated. Zhuge Liang saw his military advantage (there are millions of Cao people now) and political advantage (relying on the emperor to be a vassal), so he came to the conclusion that he could not compete with others. This conclusion is preceded by the word "sincerity", which emphasizes the need to respect this objective reality. In that case, can it develop eastward? Zhuge Liang also believes that the possibility of developing eastward does not exist. Sun Quan Group in the East was the biggest separatist force in Jiangnan at that time. It not only has superior geographical conditions ("national danger"), but also has close internal unity ("attaching people" and "using talents"), and its position is relatively consolidated. He has a great contradiction with Cao Cao Group. On this basis, Zhuge Liang made the conclusion that "it is helpful but not beneficial". "Helping" is to regard Sun Quan Group as an anti-Cao ally or to contain Cao Cao Group. Second, Liu Bei must first seize Jingzhou and Yizhou as the basis for establishing "hegemony". He pointed out: "Jingzhou is connected to Han and Mian in the north, which is beneficial to it, and it is connected to Ba and Shu in the east", which is of great strategic significance and is a battleground for military strategists; Yizhou is also a dangerous place. It is a natural granary with great economic value. Being able to occupy such a strategic location and enrich one's economic strength will naturally have the basis of "hegemony." Then he quoted the historical experience of Emperor Gaozu who seized the world with Yizhou, and further demonstrated the necessity of seizing Yizhou. At the same time, he saw the weakness of Liu Biao and Liu Zhang, and pointed out that Liu Biao would inevitably "not keep" living in Jingzhou, and Liu Zhang was extremely unstable ("the people are rich but don't know how to scrimp and save, and the wise are wise), which just provided Liu Bei with an opportunity. Liu Bei is "the emperor's palace, and faith is everywhere", which has a certain appeal in politics. Therefore, the plan to capture Jingzhou and Yizhou is entirely possible. After seizing Jing and Yi, on the one hand, we should sort out our internal affairs, live in harmony with southwest ethnic minorities and establish a solid strategic rear; On the other hand, unite with Sun Quan, isolate Cao Cao Group, and make him be attacked on both sides, so that changes will take place in my favor. Zhuge Liang's countermeasures were completely feasible from the historical conditions at that time. It is worth noting that in his analysis of the prospect of the situation, he particularly emphasized the role of "people seeking". For example, when talking about Cao Cao Group's "weak is strong", it emphasizes that "it is both a good time and a harmonious society." It has also been pointed out that the consolidation of Sun Quan Group's position is also related to "employing people for it". Finally, he put forward the suggestion of "commanding a group of heroes" to Liu Bei. This shows that although Liu Bei's current situation is very difficult, his desire to become a master and prosper the Han Dynasty can still be realized as long as "people seek" properly. It can be seen from Longzhong Dui that Longzhong Dui is Zhuge Liang's view on the political situation at that time and a far-sighted strategic policy put forward in view of the unfounded situation of Liu Bei Group. To sum up, the contents of Zhuge Liang's Longzhong Dui mainly include the following four aspects: 1. At that time, the situation was that "Cao Cao had a million people, and he held the emperor to make the princes." This sincerity can't compete with the front. Sun Quan lived in Jiangdong for three generations. Saints can use it. This can be for aid, but not for profit. " However, Jingzhou and Yizhou are useful places. We should take advantage of the failure of Jingzhou Liu Biao and Liu Yizhou Zhang to replace Liu Biao and Liu Zhang, who are independent of Jing and Yi, to establish a reliable base area and share the world with Cao Cao and Sun Quan. 2. While seizing Jingzhou and Yizhou, we should use the reputation of "the palace is a place of loyalty" to attract talents, "practice politics internally" and gradually enhance our political, economic and military strength. 3. In Yizhou, it is necessary to properly handle the relationship with the southwest ethnic minorities, "building the army in the west and helping foreigners in the south" to relieve the worries of the Northern Expedition. 4. In Jingzhou, we should "have a good relationship with Sun Quan" and form an alliance with Sun Quan against Cao Cao. When "the world has changed", we will be divided into two ways. "I will order a general to lead Jingzhou's army to Wanhe Luo and lead Yizhou's people out of Qinchuan." If so, Liu Bei "will be successful in his career and prosperous in the Han Dynasty." Throughout the later historical process, Zhuge Liang's analysis of the situation in Longzhong basically conforms to the objective reality, and the strategic decision made for Liu Bei Group is generally effective. Zhuge Liang believes that hegemony can be achieved. What strategy should be adopted to revive the Han Dynasty? 1. Replace Liu Biao and Liu Zhang, who are independent of Jing and Yi, establish a reliable base area and share the world with Cao Cao and Sun Quan; 2. While seizing Jingzhou and Yizhou, use the prestige of the palace to attract talents, improve internal politics, and gradually enhance political, economic and military strength. Properly handle the relations with southwest ethnic minorities in diplomacy and form an alliance with Sun Quan against Cao Cao; 3. When the world changes, we will divide our troops into two ways, commanding a general to lead Jingzhou's army to attack Wancheng and Luoyang, and Liu Bei personally led Yizhou's army to attack Qinchuan.