"The bright moon in the sea has tears, and the sun in Lantian is warm, and the jade produces smoke." It means: the moon shines high in the sea, and the tears of the sharks all turn into beads; the red sun in Lantian is warm, and you can see the smoke in good jade. .
This poem comes from the poem "Jin Se" written by the famous poet Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty. The original text is as follows:
The Jin Se has fifty strings for no reason, and each string and one column reflects the past. .
Zhuang Sheng was fascinated by butterflies in his morning dream, and looked forward to the emperor's spring heart in love with cuckoos.
The moon in the sea has tears, and the sun in Lantian is warm and jade produces smoke.
This feeling can be recalled later, but it was already at a loss.
What does the entire poem mean? Translated into vernacular, it is as follows:
Why does the exquisite zither have fifty strings? Every string and string reminds me of my youth.
Zhuang Zhou danced and turned into a butterfly in his sleep. Emperor Wang expressed his hatred to the cuckoo.
The bright moon shines high in the sea, and the tears of the sharks turn into beads; the red sun in Lantian is warm, and you can see the smoke of good jade.
Why do I have to recall this scene now? It’s just that I didn’t know how to cherish it at that time.
This poem was written around the author's later years, and the specific time of creation is unknown. There have always been different opinions on the creative intention of the poem "Jin Se", and there is no consensus. Some may think it is a patriotic piece, some may think it is a piece of mourning and remembrance for the deceased wife, some may think it is a self-inflicted comment on one's life experience and one's own literary talents, or some may think it is a writing expressing longing for the servant. "Historical Records·Fengchan Shu" records that the ancient zither had fifty strings, but later it was generally twenty-five strings. However, this poem was written after the death of Li Shangyin's wife, so fifty strings means broken strings (it is said that if a twenty-five-string ancient zither string is broken in half, it is called fifty strings). But even so, each string of it, Every syllable is enough to express my longing for those beautiful years.
"Jin Se" is Li Shangyin's representative work. Everyone who loves poetry loves Tao and chants. It is the most famous; however, it is also the most difficult poem to explain. Some people say that it is a love poem written to a maid named "Jin Se" from the Chu family of Linghu; some say that it is a mourning poem for his late wife Wang; some people think that the four lines in the middle of the poem can be compared with Se. The four sounds and emotions of "suitability, resentment, purity, and harmony" are consistent, so it is inferred that it is a poem describing music. In addition, there are many other theories such as allusion to politics and self-narrative poetry creation. For thousands of years, there have been many different opinions, and generally speaking, most people say "mourning death" and "self-injury".
The poem uses symbols and metaphors to creatively develop the traditional "bixing" method. "The brocade harp has fifty strings for no reason, and every string and column reminds me of my old age." Imagine: the beautiful brocade harp with patterns has fifty strings, and the poet is also lamenting that he is approaching fifty years old, and every string and every column reminds him of his old age. Zhudu evokes his joyful remembrance of the passing years, suggesting that his talents are outstanding and his years are passing by.
The title of the poem "Jinse" uses the first two words of the sentence. According to the old theory, it was originally considered to be a poem about things, but commentators seem to maintain that this poem has nothing to do with the poem, and is actually an "untitled" work that uses the poem to hide the theme.
The first couplet of the poem rises with a sad and sad brocade, and uses the association of images to show the various feelings deep in the poet's heart that are difficult to express directly and the unexplained experiences of the poet's life. The purpose of "Sihua Nian" is clear, which is a creative development of traditional Bixing techniques.
"Zhuang Sheng dreamed of butterflies at dawn, and looked forward to the emperor's spring heart entrusted with cuckoos." The two couplets in the middle of the poem "Jin Se" best reflect Li Shangyin's incisive quotation of classics and profound metaphors. Li Shangyin incorporated the allusion of "Zhuang Sheng's Dream of Butterflies" into the poem, and cleverly designed two words: "xiao" and "miasma". The metaphor of deep joy is beyond words. "Dawn" also means morning, which means a person's life is his youth. "Xiao Meng": the sweet dream of youth, the grand ambitions set when we were young, and the colorful ideals of joy. "Enchanted" is infatuated, addicted and does not give up, cannot let go, and relentlessly pursues joy. The poet's word design is exquisite and exquisite, giving the allusions a new joyful philosophy, allowing readers to feel the things. Enlightenment in the heart: The poem has a film and television effect, which reproduces the poet's unremitting pursuit of an inseparable ideal, but he has no choice but to struggle in the struggle for power. He is in trouble and bullied and finally fails. In the end, it is just a miserable dream. That’s all.
The first sentence of the neck couplet combines several allusions. Pearls are born from clams, and clams live in the sea. Whenever the moon is bright and the night is quiet, the clam opens to the moon to nourish its pearls, and the pearls get the moonlight. , began to shine brightly. This is a beautiful folk tradition. Tears are symbolized by beads, which has been the case since ancient times. When a shark weeps, the tears turn into beads, which is also a strange scene in the sea. In this way, the bright moon sets in the sea, and the pearl bathes in the boundary of tears. In the poet's pen, it has formed an indistinguishable wonderful scene. It is rare to see such rich connotations and wonderful associations in one stroke.
The last sentence about the vast sea of ??Lantian is not groundless. Sikong Tu, a poet of the late Tang Dynasty, quoted a passage from Dai Shulun, who preceded him: "Poetry's beautiful scenery, such as the warm sun in Lantian and the smoke in good jade, can be expected but not placed in front of the eyebrows." The eight words used in this metaphor are , are exactly the same as the seven characters in the next sentence of this poem's neck couplet, which shows that this metaphor has another origin. Unfortunately, the ancient books were lost and it is difficult to find the source again. It is difficult to say whether the explanation given by Dai Dai is appropriate. Lu Ji, a writer of the Jin Dynasty, has a famous sentence in his "Wen Fu": "The mountains are brilliant with stones and jade, and the rivers are beautiful with pearls in the water." Lantian, the name of the mountain, is a famous jade-producing place in the southeast of Lantian, Shaanxi today.
This mountain is illuminated by the sun, and the jade energy contained in it (the ancients believed that treasures have a kind of light energy that cannot be seen with ordinary eyesight) is slowly rising up. However, the essence of the beautiful jade appears to be there from a distance, but not up close, so it can be seen It is impossible to look forward to it, which represents an extremely beautiful ideal scenery, but it cannot be grasped and cannot be approached. This sentence in the poem is inspired and associated with "the glory of Yunyu Mountain, the beauty of pearls and rivers", and uses the warm sun in Lantian to contrast the bright moon in the sea in the previous sentence, creating a very sharp and strong contrast. Literally speaking, Lantian is also very neat to Canghai, because the original meaning of the character Cang is cyan. The poet's exquisiteness in diction can also show his talent and skill.
For poets, the realm of moonlight in the vast sea has special and deep feelings. Once, because he was ill, he was unable to attend the "Le Ying Chi Jiu" meeting with He Dong Gong, so he wrote "Only the moon in the sea, the high pressure of Chicheng Xia" ("I heard that He Dong Gong Le Ying Chi Jiu Kou Zhan sent it") ) sentence. From this point of view, he admired this scene very much for its high openness and purity, and on the other hand he was very sentimental for its desolation and loneliness: a complex and unspeakable feeling of melancholy that could not be expressed in words.
This couplet and the first couplet use four allusions to present different artistic conceptions and emotions. Zhuang Sheng's dream of butterflies represents the trance and confusion of life; Wang Di's spring heart contains the persistence of hard pursuit; Shark's tears in the ocean have a vast loneliness; the warm day in Lantian conveys warm and hazy joy. The images extracted from the allusions by the poet are so magical and ethereal. His soul slowly opens up to the readers, and the beauty of the years and the feelings of life are all integrated into it, but they can only be understood but cannot be expressed.
The last couplet of the poem uses a rhetorical question and progressive sentence pattern to strengthen the tone and end the poem. "This feeling" summarizes the expressed feelings: "Cheng Zhui" echoes "Sihua Nian". "Kewai" means "qiwai", which shows that this melancholy and sad "this feeling" has long been confused and difficult to let go, and it is even more unbearable at this time.
The title of the poem is "Jin Se", but it is not an chant of something. It is just the first two characters of the chapter as the title according to the convention of ancient poems. It is actually an untitled poem that uses the title "Jin Se" to hide the title. This poem is one of Li Shangyin's most difficult works to understand. The poet has always lamented that "a piece of "Jin Se" can explain people's difficulties." In the poem, the author recalls his youth, expresses his sorrow for his unfortunate experiences, and expresses his feelings of sadness and resentment. He borrows a lot of allusions such as Zhuang Sheng's Dream of Butterflies, Cuckoo's Cry of Blood, Tears in the Sea, and Smoke from Good Jade, etc., using a metaphorical technique. Using association and imagination, the auditory feelings are transformed into visual images, and the combination of fragments of images is used to create a hazy realm, thereby conveying his sincere, intense and profound thoughts with the help of visible and perceptible poetic images. The whole poem has beautiful words, profound implications, long sincerity, and deeply touching feelings.