Bixing is a traditional expression technique in Chinese poetry. Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty more accurately explained the basic characteristics of "bixing" as an expression technique. He believed: "The person who compares, compares things with other things." "This thing is also"; "Those who are interested, first mention other things to trigger the words to be chanted." In layman's terms, metaphor is a metaphor, which is a metaphor that adds an image to a person or thing to make its characteristics more vivid and prominent. Some poems use comparisons in individual places, while others use comparisons throughout the entire image, just like the poems about things of later generations; "Xing" means "rising", which uses other things as the starting point of the poem to arouse the content of the song. Some "Xing" have the dual functions of origin and metaphor, so later the word "Bixing" was often used together, specifically to refer to the sustenance of the poem.
Bixing technique first appeared in the Book of Songs. The first chapter of "Guan Ju" contains the sentence "Guan Guan Ju dove, in the river island. A graceful lady, a gentleman likes to fight". It is based on the harmonious singing of birds on the river island that a lady is a good spouse for a gentleman, and between the two There are some connections in meaning and atmosphere, and it is close to Bi; another example is that the third chapter of "Meng" starts with the traditional Bi Xing, writing "the mulberry trees have not yet fallen, and their leaves are looming", first with the lush and lush scenery. The mulberry tree portrays one's own youth, and then uses the alluring mulberry as a metaphor for intoxicating love, comparing the girl in love to a gluttonous and happy bird, and earnestly warns: Don't indulge in love, otherwise, the ending will be tragic. It's too late to regret. The fourth chapter follows the previous section and begins with "The mulberry trees have fallen, and their yellow color has fallen." The withering of trees is used to compare the youth that has been taken away by the passing years. The once radiant girl has lost her beautiful face in the years. She had lived a life of poverty for a long time after her marriage, and the fate of being abandoned naturally befell her at this time. Chapters 3 and 4 use Qi Xing's poems to compare the changes in the heroine's love life with natural phenomena. The poems from Qi Xing lead to poems expressing her emotional life, thereby expressing the heroine's resentment towards her husband's behavior of favoring the new and hating the old. In the last chapter, "Qi has a shore, Xi has a bank" to describe the boundless misfortune of oneself. "Xi" refers to the low-humidity place that can be seen everywhere, and "Qi" refers to the river that the heroine must pass through before her tryst with the gangster, during their marriage, and after they are abandoned. The comparison is very appropriate and meaningful. This not only stimulates readers' associations, but also enhances the meaning, producing a vivid and poetic artistic effect. It not only inherited the Bixing tradition of "The Book of Songs", but also further developed it in "Li Sao", which "based on poems to create entertainment and quoted metaphors". Most of the bixings in "The Book of Songs" are relatively simple, and are often true descriptions of scenes and emotions. The bixing materials are only natural objects or daily necessities that are familiar to human beings. However, Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" uses the original bixing materials in the "Book of Songs", such as vegetation, trees, Fish, insects, birds, beasts, wind, clouds, thunder and lightning are all given life, let them move, and even give them human will, which is used to express the poet's thoughts and feelings. "佞", the poets "Huihe" and "Lanzao", "made wild lotus to make clothes, gathered hibiscus to make clothes", decorated themselves with exotic flowers and herbs, expressing their beautiful spiritual world. In this way, the metaphor and the expressed content are combined into one, which gives the whole poem a symbolic nature and at the same time expands the artistic conception and expressive power of the poem. Secondly, the Bixing in "The Book of Songs" is often just a fragment in a poem, a simple metaphor and association, while "Li Sao" expresses its content through systematic Bixings one after another in a long work. For example, the poet compares himself to a woman, and from this point of view, he compares the relationship between men and women to the relationship between monarch and ministers; compares the jealousy of women with the beauty of others to those who are jealous of the virtuous; compares the search for a matchmaker with the King of Chu; compares the marriage contract with the monarch and ministers. Metaphors are often used in other aspects, such as driving a horse to govern a country, using rules and ink to compare national laws, etc., so that emotions have more specific attachment and sustenance. Bi and Xing in "Li Sao" are fictional and imaginary from the perspective of the image itself, but from the perspective of the content, thoughts and feelings expressed, they are completely realistic. This opened up the later generations' expression techniques of "expressing feelings on the scenery" and "expressing ambitions based on objects", making the whole poem vivid and colorful. The romantic creation method of "Chu Ci" had a great influence on ancient Chinese literature, especially the poetry creation of later generations.
There are many descendants of works that use the pictorial technique in writing. For example, the beginning of "Peacock Flying Southeast" uses "Peacock Flying Southeast, Wandering Five Miles and One" to stimulate readers' imagination with specific images. People can't help but associate the love between beautiful birds with the separation of husband and wife. This casts a tragic atmosphere over the whole poem, which plays a role in unifying the whole poem and triggering the following story. Another example is that in "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields", he compares himself to "a bird nostalgic for the old forest, and a fish in the pond longing for its old abyss" to express the poet's dislike of officialdom and return to nature. There are also single sentences that do not use metaphorical techniques, but the whole image is metaphorical, such as "Far Far Away from Altair". The whole poem uses the folk story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl who face each other across the river and cannot be reunited to compare the emotions of a young woman who is full of divorce. The feeling of lovesickness is subtle and touching.
In short, the use of Bixing techniques strengthens the vividness and distinctiveness of ancient poetry, increases the charm and image appeal of ancient poetry, and makes my country's ancient poetry always exude charming artistic charm. "Shangxie"
I want to know you and live a long life. The mountains have no mausoleums, the rivers are exhausted, the winter thunders tremble, the summer rains and snows, the heaven and the earth are united, so I dare to be with you.
Used five natural phenomena to express his deep love.
Liu Yuxi's "Inscription on the Humble Room"
If the mountain is not high, there will be immortals and it will be famous; if the water is not deep, there will be dragons and spirits
And so on