Source of works
"Business women don't know how to hate their country" comes from the poem "Bo Qinhuai" written by Du Mu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. This poem was written by the poet when he spent the night in Qinhuai.
The first half of this poem is about the night view of Qinhuai, and the second half is about expressing feelings. He used the history of (Chen) pursuing debauchery and enjoyment until his national subjugation to satirize the rulers of the late Tang Dynasty who were obsessed with fantasy and did not learn from it, showing the author's incomparable concern and deep anxiety about the fate of the country. The whole poem contains feelings in the scenery, with sad artistic conception, deep and subtle feelings, refined language and ingenious artistic conception. The combination of scenery writing, lyricism and narration has a strong artistic appeal.
original work
A berth on the Qinhuai River
Du Mu [Tang Dynasty]
Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant.
Strong women in business don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing backyard flowers across the river.
Sentence annotation
⑴ Qinhuai: Qinhuai River, which originates from damao mountain in Jurong, Jiangsu Province and the east foot of Lishui, flows into the Yangtze River via Nanjing. According to legend, it was dug by Qin Shihuang during his southern tour to dredge the Huaihe River, so it was called Qinhuai River. All previous dynasties were bustling places for sightseeing and enjoyment.
(2) smoke: smoke.
(3) berthing: berthing.
(4) Businesswoman: A singer who lives by singing.
5. Backyard flower: the abbreviation of backyard flower in Song Yushu. Chen (), the emperor of the Southern Dynasties, wrote this song for pleasure with the beautiful women in the harem, which eventually led to national subjugation, so later generations took this song as the representative of the voice of national subjugation.
Translation of works
Blurred moonlight and light smoke enveloped the cold sea and white beach, and the boat was moored at Qinhuai restaurant on the shore at night.
The singer doesn't know what the revenge of national subjugation is, but she is still singing "Flowers Crossing the River in Yushu Back Garden".
Creation background
Du Mu was very concerned about politics in his early days, and he was worried about the riddled Tang Dynasty. He saw that the ruling clique was decadent and fatuous, that the buffer region was in a state of chaos, and that there were frequent border troubles. He deeply felt that social crises were everywhere and the prospects of the Tang Dynasty were worrying. This thought of worrying about the times and hurting the world prompted him to write many poems with practical significance. Bo Qinhuai was also produced on the basis of this idea.
The Qinhuai River in Jinling, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, has always been a place for dignitaries to have a full meal, and "Qinhuai" has gradually become synonymous with extravagant life. The poet stayed here all night, watching feasts, listening to romantic love songs, touching the scene, thinking of the decline of the Tang Dynasty and the fatuity and debauchery of those in power, deeply moved, and wrote this song "Bo Qinhuai".
works appreciation
Jiankang was the capital of the Six Dynasties, Qinhuai River flowed into the Yangtze River through the city, and there were many restaurants on both sides of the strait, which was the place where rich and bureaucratic literati feasted at that time. Although the capital of the Tang Dynasty was not in Jiankang, the scenery on both sides of Qinhuai River remained the same as before.
Some people say that poetry is "especially rare to send a good sentence." The first sentence of this poem is extraordinary, and the word "cage" is eye-catching. Smoke, water, moon and sand are harmoniously combined by the word "cage", depicting an extremely elegant night by the water. It is so soft and quiet, but it also implies a slightly erratic state of mind. Pen and ink is so light, but it is so ethereal and cold. The "moonlight and water moon" in the first sentence is related to the "staying at Qinhuai" in the second sentence, so after reading the first sentence, it is naturally "staying at Qinhuai near the restaurant". However, as far as the poet's activities are concerned, you must have a "night berth at Qinhuai" before you can see the scenery of "a cage of misty water and cold moon sand", but if you really look down, you will find that the flat plate is tasteless. The advantages of this way of writing poetry are as follows: firstly, it creates a very distinct environmental atmosphere, gives people a strong attraction, and creates an artistic effect that affects the whole body and meets the requirements of artistic expression. Secondly, one or two sentences are treated like this, just like the relationship between the picture and the inscription of a painting. When people appreciate a painting, they usually pay attention to the wonderful picture first (this is like "a cage of cold water and moon sand"), and then look at the inscription in the corner (this is "Night Sleeping by Qinhuai"). Therefore, the poet's writing style is quite in line with people's artistic appreciation habits.
"Sleeping near Qinhuai Restaurant at night" seems dull, but it is worth pondering. There is a strong logical relationship in this poem. Because "staying in Qinhuai", it is "close to the restaurant". But the first four words point out the time and place for the scenery of the previous sentence, making it more personalized and typical, and taking care of poetry; The last three words set a precedent for the following, because "near the restaurant" led to "merchant girl", "national subjugation hate" and "flowers in the back garden", which also touched the poet's feelings. Therefore, judging from the development of poetry and the expression of emotion, the word "near the restaurant" is like opening the floodgate, and the river will gurgle out and gush out. These seven words are a link between the preceding and the following. The whole network and the poet's meticulous and ingenious ideas can be seen here.
A businesswoman is a singer who waits on others. What they sing depends on the taste of the audience. It can be seen that the poem's saying that "business women don't know the national subjugation and hate" is a kind of ballad, and the real "national subjugation and hate" is the appreciators in that building-feudal nobles, bureaucrats and gentry. The "backyard flower", namely "yushu backyard flower", is said to have been made by Chen Houzhu, a dissolute and wrong country in the Southern Dynasties. This decadent voice has made the Chen Dynasty perish. However, in this declining era, some people use this voice of national subjugation for fun instead of thinking about national affairs, which can't help but make poets worry that history will repeat itself. The word "across the river" is inherited from the story of "national subjugation and hatred for the rich", which means that the Sui soldier Chen Shijiang was in Hebei, while the small court in the Southern Dynasties was in danger across the river, while Chen Houzhu was still indulging in debauchery. The word "still singing" skillfully and naturally connects history, reality and imagined future into a line, which is meaningful. "Businessmen don't know how to hate their country, but still sing" backyard flowers "across the river. They are called "swan songs" because of their beautiful and brisk style, showing bitter satire, deep sorrow and infinite emotion. These two sentences express sober feudal intellectuals' worries about state affairs, and also reflect that bureaucrats and nobles are filling their decadent and empty souls with singing and dancing, leading a drunken life, which is a portrayal of two different aspects in the real life of the decline of the late Tang Dynasty.
Famous comments
Tang poetry: Wu said: The voice of decadence is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and it is natural to enjoy it alone.
Comment on Tang Poetry: The scenery and life are wonderful, complaining about health, which is different from other works.
Yun Zhou: The sound of national subjugation, which is unbearable, is another scene.
General comment on the forest at the pulse selection meeting of Tang poetry: Zhou Bi is a pragmatic body. He Zhongde is a fusion.
Interpretation of Tang poetry: the first sentence is desolate, which attracts the soul of "national subjugation and hatred" Originally, there were three or four reasons for national subjugation. The wonderful thing is that what we hear now is still the sigh of national subjugation. It is simply impossible to use the word "I don't know" to sweep the word "hate of national subjugation".
An Shuo's Tang Poetry: "The smoke cage is cold water" and the water is blue, so the cloud is a "smoke cage". "Moon cage sand", the sand color is white, so the cloud "moon cage". The next sentence is extremely cautious. It stops at Qinhuai in the evening, which is close to the restaurant, so the restaurant is close to the river. A businesswoman who sings for a living sings the song "Flowers in the Backyard", but it is only a song. Then I know that Chen Houzhu has the hatred of national subjugation! Du listened across the river, feeling infinite ups and downs, pretending to write poetry.
"Tang Poetry": a swan song.
Notes on Tang Poetry in Master Garden: Where do later poets chant Qinhuai?
A Brief Record of Poetry Changes: The first sentence is about the night view of Qinhuai. At the end of the next day, the words "near the restaurant" caused the last two sentences. The word "I don't know" has the deepest feelings and little sustenance. The charm of the first syllable is wonderful, and it is appropriate to sigh for the swan song.
Three hundred Tang Poems: I can't stop looking at them. "A thousand miles of maple trees are misty and rainy, and there is no time to listen to apes in the morning and evening", but this is sad.
Preface to Reading Tang Poems in Snow Mountain House: Ten Thousand Tang Poems compiled by Wang Ruanting and Si Kou, with Weicheng, Li Bai's Phoenix, Wang Changling's Phoenix and Wang Zhihuan's Far Up on the Yellow River as volumes, impressed by the previous works such as Wine and Bright Moon in Qin Dynasty. In recent years, the fool Zongbo also cited several effective examples to continue. Today, according to his example, Du Mu's song "Cold Water in a Smoke Cage" is the corner.
Tang Jue's Notes on Poetry: He Chaoyun: Begins with the hatred of national subjugation. Yao Wang heard the cloud: "Near the restaurant", where did this song come from?
Poetic style: The first sentence looks like a scene. Smoke and water are blue, so "smoke cage water"; The moonlight is white with sand, so the moon is full of sand: this Qinhuai scenery is also. The second issue is "Bo Qinhuai". Parked near the restaurant, three sentences have taken root in the place where lower-class business women sing. Three sentences are changed and four sentences are issued, which means that Du Mu listens to songs across the river. Knowing that "Flowers in the Garden of Yushu" is the voice of Chen Houzhu's national subjugation, it is full of feelings of rise and fall, while the merchant girl doesn't know that there is hate in the song, but just sings.
Introduction to the poetic scene: The song "Backyard" was so prosperous that day. The guests handed notes, patted and patted, and the carefree son of heaven! With this Pearl Throat oratorio, if Fu Zi goes to Qinhuai on a cold night, and the merchant girl sings again, can she overcome the feeling of vicissitudes? ..... unique lonely traveler, pitching ups and downs, hard of hearing.
The essence of the quatrains in Tang Dynasty: The first two sentences are about the scenery of parking at night. Three sentences don't blame the strong women in business, especially the song "backyard flower" sung by the strong women in business to lament the death of the Southern Dynasties. The game of the Six Dynasties ended with Chen's death. The poet's original intention was to lightly blame the monarch and his subjects and put them in danger.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Mu (803-853) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Mu Zhi, a native of Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi), is the grandson of Prime Minister Du You. In 828 A.D. (the second year of Daiwa), he won a scholar and was awarded the title of library librarian. He worked as a staff member in other places for many years, then as a censor, a secretariat of Huangzhou, a secretariat of Chizhou and a secretariat of Zhou Mu, and later as a foreign minister of Sixun. I think I have the talent to help the world. Most of these poems quote Chen's works. A lyric poem about the scenery is so beautiful and vivid. It is famous for its seven-character quatrains. People call it Xiao Du, and Li Shangyin is collectively called Du Xiaoli, which is different from Li Bai and Du Fu. There are twenty volumes in the Collected Works of Fan Chuan handed down from ancient times, and eight volumes of his poems are included in The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty.