In the article, the author adopts the method of summarizing first and then dividing, and makes a thorough and detailed description in the order of looking forward to spring-describing spring-praising spring, which makes this article clear in level and tight in structure.
The first layer of the article is looking forward to spring. As soon as the author wrote, he said, "Look ahead, look ahead, the east wind is coming, and the pace of spring is coming soon." The combination of two "expectations" reveals the author's eagerness for the arrival of spring. The word "east wind" reveals the arrival of spring in advance, and the sentence "the footsteps of spring are near" makes the theme of the article clear, which is also the theme of the article. Then the author further stated how spring came. Through concrete and typical spring scenes such as "Spring Mountain", "Spring Water" and "Spring Day", he showed that spring really came to the world, because the mountain was moistened, the water rose and the sun blushed. All these show the vibrant scene of spring returning to the earth and everything reviving. These two paragraphs are always written like this. The author first points out that spring is coming, and at the same time paves the way for the following description of spring.
The second level of the article is to describe spring, which is also the focus of the article, so the author wrote a lot here. The author described the typical scenery of spring deeply and delicately with vivid brushstrokes, and here he used a pen. First of all, the author chooses grass as the description object. The author said that the grass was "tender and green, and it was" sneaked out of the soil ". This sentence "slipped out" personified the grass and made its growth look lively. In addition, the sentence "In the garden, in the field, you see, a large area is covered with grass" points out a lot of grass, so it seems that Zhu Ziqing chose grass to write because it has the characteristics of "they are taller again in the spring breeze", and the description of grass can reveal the coming of spring.
When we go deep into the artistic realm of spring, we will be intoxicated by the beautiful spring scenery, infected by overflowing poetry and inspired by abundant vitality. Spring will emerge a beautiful picture full of poetry and painting in our hearts.
The scenery depicted in Spring is full of vigor and breath of life. "When I look at things, everything is my color." When people look at foreign things, emotions will be projected into them, making them look human. Mr Zhu Guangqian, an aesthete, called this phenomenon "the humanization of the universe". He said: "the phenomenon of empathy can be called' humanization of the universe', because with empathy, only physical things can have human feelings, while inanimate things can have life." You see, in Mr. Zhu Ziqing's pen, in spring, "everything seems to have just woken up", and the sun's face is red; "Wild flowers are everywhere: miscellaneous, named and unnamed, scattered in the grass, like eyes, like stars, still blinking"; Spring breeze "touches you like a mother's hand"; "Birds nest in flowers and leaves. They are very happy. Call friends to show off her crisp voice and sing a melody that blends with the light wind and flowing water. " The author feels the scenery of spring with his heart, pours his feelings into it, and makes the scenery vivid and vivid through artistic techniques such as metaphor and personification. Mr. Zhu Ziqing once said: "Realism is equivalent to the theory of" vivid "or" vivid ",not only that, but also that." It can be said that Mr. Zhu Ziqing's prose has reached such an artistic realm.
"Spring" is exquisitely described and full of emotion. Looking forward to spring is the beginning of the article. The author wrote: "Looking forward to, looking forward to, the east wind is coming, and the pace of spring is coming soon." Putting the two "expectations" together shows how eager we are to look forward to the arrival of spring. The east wind is coming, reporting the news of spring. Listen, the pace of spring is near. In just a dozen words, the author's serious and joyful mood is fully expressed.
The author carefully observed the mountains, water and sun in early spring. "The mountains are moist", which means that the snow is melting, the spring is bright, and the tender grass is green, which is particularly refreshing and moist. The blush of the sun personifies the sun, which not only shows the warmth of spring, but also captures the characteristics of spring and shows the inner charm of spring. To write about the mountains, water and sun in early spring is to start from a big point and outline a general outline for the following detailed description. In the following, the author describes the scene of spring from the aspects of spring grass, spring flowers, spring breeze, spring rain and people in spring.
The grass crept out of the soil, tender and green ... the wind was quiet and the grass was soft. How vividly the word "drill" is used; How do "tender, green" and "soft grass" write the characteristics of early spring grass succinctly and richly.
Flowers are more beautiful in spring. How enthusiastic the flowers are: "Peach trees, apricot trees and pear trees are full of flowers to chase, and you won't let me or I won't let you"; How beautiful the color of the flowers is: "red as fire, pink as chardonnay, white as snow"; How pleasant the taste of that flower is: "There is sweetness in the flower; When I closed my eyes, the tree seemed to be covered with peaches, Xinger and pears. Hundreds of bees are buzzing under the flowers, and butterflies of different sizes are flying around. " There are wild flowers, "scattered in the grass, like eyes, like stars, still flashing."
"The shadow of the ancient wood is short, and the stick helps me cross the bridge east. The clothes are wet with apricot flowers and rain, and the blowing surface is not cold. " When spring shines on the earth, the willows spit out new green, and the breeze gently blows on people's faces, which is warm and soft, making people feel no chill. The author describes the spring breeze with "blowing the face without cold breeze", and then captures a vivid and intimate metaphor "touching you like a mother's hand" to describe the charm of the spring breeze. Then, the author wrote the taste of spring breeze with extremely delicate brushstrokes: "The wind brings some newly turned earthy smells, mixed with the smell of grass, and the fragrance of various flowers, all brewing in the slightly moist air." Finally, write down the music of the spring breeze-the dancing songs of birds and the piccolo of a shepherd boy riding on the back of a cow. "The scenery that is difficult to write is like now", and the author wrote the spring breeze that is difficult to write through with vivid pen and ink.
When the author was writing about the spring rain, he first wrote about the characteristics of the spring rain: "Like ox hair, like a needle, like a filament, it is densely woven diagonally, and there is a thin layer of smoke on the roof." Then write the scenery in the rain, and paint a quiet and beautiful picture of ink and spring rain.
Spring is like this. What are people like in spring? Spring has come, "every family in the city and countryside, old and young, has come out one by one." Relax your muscles and bones, be full of energy, and do your job. Write down those who have been "dormant" for a winter and welcome the happiness brought by warm weather. People are full of hope because "a year's plan lies in spring", and they have just started, so they have plenty of time and hope.
At the end of spring, the author always uses three metaphors to describe spring. Spring is new, and it has strong vitality: "Spring is like a newborn doll, new from head to toe, and it is growing." Spring is beautiful and lively: "Spring is like a little girl, dressed beautifully and walking with a smile." Spring is strong: "Spring is like a strong young man with iron arms and legs, leading us forward." From the newborn doll to the little girl and then to the youth, the order described in this paper is also intriguing, and different scenes at different times are written.
The structure of Spring is rigorous and exquisite. The author always writes spring first, then describes it in detail in several aspects, and finally writes it in order to wrap up the full text and make the finishing point. The article begins with "the footsteps are near" and ends with "leading us forward", beginning with personification and ending with personification. Its conceptual layout and rhetorical embellishment are quite ingenious. As for the fresh, simple and meaningful language of Beauty and Elegance, people can feel the feeling of "extremely positive and mellow taste".
Practice note
First, read the text repeatedly and emotionally in cadence until you recite it, and carefully taste the spring scenery in Jiangnan described in the text.
Intention: feel the content of the text by reading aloud; Cultivate students' sense of language in the process of repeated reading; It is required to read aloud with emotion, so that students can go deep into the artistic conception of the work, savor it carefully and enter the state with emotion.
Reading instruction: (1) Correct pronunciation, clear sentences and familiarity with the text are the prerequisites for good reading. (2) Carefully experience and understand the text, and establish an inner video consistent with the content of the text, which is the basis for reading well. (3) with emotion and sound, with the ideological content of the text and the author's emotional trajectory, read the cadence, read the priorities and read the aesthetic feeling of the works.
The written language is vivid, expressive and infectious. Think carefully about the following statements and answer the questions in brackets.
Original intention: literature is the art of language. Liu Xie said: "Those who write essays are sentimental words; Viewers, wear articles to enter the country. " Language is the carrier of the ideological content of the work and the author's thoughts and feelings, and it is also a bridge for readers to understand the ideological content of the work and the author's thoughts and feelings. Therefore, tasting language is an important content of Chinese learning and the main intention of setting this topic.
The way to solve the problem: (1) The use of language is not isolated. Whether words are used appropriately and expressively depends on the language environment in which words are used. Therefore, it should be an important thinking to taste language according to context. (2) If we talk about language from the perspective of language, it will be bland and meaningless. We should take language as the carrier and intermediary to taste the content and feelings expressed by language.
1. The grass crawled out of the soil, tender and green.
Imagine the scene of "grass slipping out of the soil"-this question can guide students to fully expand their imagination and let them imagine their wings flying freely.
Can you tell the advantages of the words "sneak" and "drill"? -"Stealing" and "Drilling" wrote the squeezing force of the spring grass breaking through the ground, and wrote the scene that the spring grass has quietly emerged inadvertently and the author's feeling of surprise. At the same time, this way of writing makes the unconscious grass look conscious and emotional.
"Tender and green" should be used in front of "grass", why is it put at the end of the sentence? -put it at the end of the sentence and take it out in a separate clause, mainly to emphasize and highlight the characteristics of grass; At the same time, this writing also makes the sentence vivid and full of life.
2. "Blow your face without cold willows" is good, like a mother's hand stroking you.
Spring breeze "touches you like a mother's hand". How does it feel? Students' answers to this question may be varied, so they should be affirmed as long as they are reasonable. Such as warmth, kindness, kindness, happiness and affection.
What do you think the spring breeze looks like except the mother's hand? The answer to this question should also be rich and colorful, and guide students to fully develop their association and imagination, as long as it is reasonable.
III (Short Title)
Spring is like a newborn doll. It's new from head to toe and still growing.
Spring is like a little girl, dressed up and walking with a smile.
Spring is like a strong young man with iron arms and legs, leading us forward.
What characteristics do these three metaphors show about spring scenery? -See the related contents of "Text Discussion".
Can you use other metaphors to praise spring? -This problem is also an open Lenovo expansion problem. It is necessary to guide students to open their minds and look for suitable metaphors to praise spring according to its characteristics.
To discuss this topic, we should not only understand the wonderful use of written language, but also learn some rhetorical knowledge about metaphor. This unit has many metaphors. Learn some knowledge about this in the first lesson and use it in the following lessons.
Teaching suggestion
First, repeat reading.
Reading aloud is an important way to learn Chinese, especially literary works, and we can appreciate its beauty in reading aloud. Reading can be divided into several steps: first, cognitive reading, the purpose is to read the correct pronunciation and dredge words. The second is perceptual reading, the purpose of which is to understand the content of the text and have an overall perception of the text. Thirdly, the reading of You, which goes deep into the artistic conception of the work and contains swimming flavor in detail, can be read by combining silent reading with reading aloud. The fourth is to read aloud with emotion and strive to convey the artistic conception, style and aesthetic feeling of the works.
Second, clear your mind.
Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "The author thinks that there is a Tao, and he knows it by following the Tao." Clear thinking is an important means to understand the text. To guide students to outline and clarify their ideas by grasping key sentences, this step should be carried out by skipping reading, and the teaching treatment should be concise and to the point.
Third, taste the language
After clearing the train of thought, we should grasp the key taste, understanding and appreciation of the works and pay attention to the taste of language. The language in Spring is delicate, accurate, vivid, concise, vivid and meaningful, and there are many places to taste, such as the use of verbs, the change of sentence patterns, and the interspersed spoken language. In this step, we should pay attention to highlight the key points and grasp the wonderful places for in-depth understanding.
Fourth, Lenovo expansion.
There are many works about spring at all times and at home and abroad. Teachers can guide students to read widely, broaden their horizons and expand their thinking. Poetry recitation (such as spring poetry recitation) can be used to guide students to engage in activities, stimulate students' interest and cultivate students' aesthetic taste.
related data
First, Zhu Ziqing's prose creation
Spring is written from 1928 to 1937. When the author wrote this article, he did not have the faint sadness of poetry in the early days of creation, but clearly showed a fresh style and a happy mood. This is an essay with traces of stylistic evolution.
Yu Dafu's introduction to two essays in China's new literature series: Although Zhu Ziqing is a poet, his prose is still full of that kind of poetry. Among the prose writers in the Literature Research Association, except for Ms. Bing Xin, the beauty of the article depends on him.
Mr. Zhu Peixian of Ye Shengtao: When it comes to the perfection of style and the skill of writing, we must first mention Mr. Zhu.
Lin Fei's Notes on Modern Sixty Articles: Zhu Ziqing's success is that he is good at expressing his inner feelings about natural scenery delicately through accurate observation.
Zhu Xide's On Zhu Ziqing's Prose: Zhu Ziqing's prose is very particular about language, even if it is a word or two, it will never relax. However, his emphasis on language is by no means rhetoric.
Second, the blackboard design example
Third, the hymn of spring —— Reading Zhu Ziqing's prose Spring (Wu)
In the May 4th New Culture Movement, Zhu Ziqing embarked on the literary road with his new poems, and then made great contributions to the establishment of a brand-new vernacular prose, becoming a unique prose writer in the history of modern literature. Yu Dafu said in "Introduction to Two Proses of China New Literature Series": "Although Zhu Ziqing is a poet, his prose is still full of that kind of poetry. Among the prose writers of the Literature Research Association, except for Ms. Bing Xin, the beauty of the article depends on him. "
Spring is such a famous poem.
This essay depicts a beautiful and vibrant picture of a hundred flowers in the style of poetry, praising and expressing the creativity of spring, bringing infinite hope to people, thus inspiring people to work hard and forge ahead bravely in the beautiful spring. This work can be said to be a lyric poem, a landscape painting and a hymn of spring.
"Looking forward to it, looking forward to it, the east wind is coming, and the pace of spring is coming soon." This way of writing expresses the eager expectation for spring and sets a lively and lively lyric melody and poetic atmosphere for the full text. Then, the author grasps the main features of spring and outlines the outline of spring: "Everything looks like I just woke up and my eyes opened with joy. The mountains are moist, the water rises, and the sun is blushing. " This silhouette painting captures the characteristics of spring and is painted with a blurred color, creating a touching artistic conception and arousing readers' warm yearning for spring: how beautiful spring should be!
Then, the author deliberately "pushed" five "close-ups" to describe the moving scene of spring in detail. Write grass first, "Grass is tender and green", highlight the "tender green" of grass, and describe the scene of green grass in spring. Write flowers, "peach trees, apricot trees and pear trees, you won't let me, I won't let you, they are all full of flowers to catch up with." Red is like fire, pink is like chardonnay, and white is like snow ",which highlights the" competition for beauty "of flowers and paints a prosperous scene of bloom in warm spring. The third painting depicts the spring breeze, focusing on the "warmth" and "singing" of the spring breeze, and depicts the scenic spots where the spring breeze warms up. The fourth picture depicts the spring rain, exaggerates the "gentleness" and "moistening" of the spring rain, and draws a beautiful picture of the night rain and the suburbs. Finally, I drew a picture of the Spring Festival:
There are more kites in the sky and more children on the ground. Every family in urban and rural areas, old and young, came out one by one. Relax your muscles, cheer up and do your duty. "A year's plan lies in spring" has just begun, and there is plenty of time and hope.
There is not much pen and ink here, but it writes the happy scene of "city and township, every household, old and young" welcoming the spring. People came out in a hurry, relaxed and refreshed. In the beautiful spring of spring grass, spring flowers, spring breeze and spring rain, "from each according to his ability" is full of infinite vitality and hope. If the focus of the first four paintings is the "spring" of nature (some of which are interspersed with human activities), then the focus of the fifth painting is the "spring" of people who are diligent in spring ploughing and getting up early.
Finally, the author couldn't help singing spring:
Spring is like a newborn doll. It's new from head to toe and still growing.
Spring is like a little girl, dressed up and walking with a smile.
Spring is like a strong young man with iron arms and legs, leading us forward.
This ending is very strange and beautiful. After describing spring perfectly, the author praised it sincerely, further revealing that spring has unstoppable creativity and infinite hope. Three figurative metaphors, step by step, one after another, boil down to the full text at once.
Spring has distinct characteristics in artistic expression.
First, the combination of poetry and painting creates a harmonious realm of blending scenes. The author's deep admiration for spring is not expressed directly, but expressed by depicting all kinds of scenery in spring with affectionate brushstrokes, giving all kinds of scenery a distinct emotional color. For example, the description of flowers not only vividly describes the flowers of various fruit trees, but also describes the blooming wild flowers: "Wild flowers are everywhere: miscellaneous, famous and nameless, scattered in the grass like eyes, like stars, blinking." The author's pleasure in enjoying flowers is poured between the lines, and all the "scenery words" are "love words". Due to the emotional input, these small wild flowers seem to have become lively animals full of feelings, and the internal poetry and external scenery are harmoniously blended into a concrete and sensible artistic image, so the realm of the picture is painted with a rich lyric tone.
Second, the structure is tight and the levels are orderly. According to the needs of revealing the theme and lyricism, the work produced five pictures. The connection between the pictures is naturally compact, and the first four pictures are used as the bedding and contrast of the fifth picture, thus opening the artistic conception and revealing the theme. After the topic was announced, the last Qifeng stood out. The article is well-organized, clear in context and varied.
Third, the language is simple and meaningful. Zhu Ziqing is good at refining easy-to-understand and vivid spoken English. His prose language is fresh and simple. Such as writing grass "in the garden, in the field, look, a large area is full"; For example, writing flowers "You won't let me, I won't let you, they are all full of flowers to chase", these short sentences are all from spoken English. In a sense, it is easy to understand. From a rhetorical point of view, after the author's artistic processing, the rhythm is bright, not dull, and has a strong lyrical flavor. The author is also good at using wonderful metaphors to enhance the emotional taste of language. For example, writing about spring breeze caressing your face, saying "like a mother's hand caressing you" and comparing spring to "a baby who just landed", "a little girl" and "a strong man" are novel, appropriate, unconventional, vivid, profound, intentional, simple and fresh.
"Spring" is an essay with traces of stylistic evolution. It has a fresh style and cheerful artistic conception without the faint sad tone of the author's early poems. This article was written from 1928 to 1937. During this period, the author was addicted to the study of classical literature. Therefore, he can only sing pastoral songs about spring, and it is impossible to show the distinctive spirit of the times in his works. As for the "spring" in the hearts of the broad masses of the people under the leadership of China's * * * production party, the author could not reveal and praise it at that time.