Early in the morning, I bid farewell to Jiangling city, which is high into the sky, thousands of miles away, and the boat is only one day away.
The cries of apes on both sides of the strait are still unconsciously crowing in their ears, and the canoe has passed the heavy green hills.
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Bai Di, the name of the ancient city. On Dongbaidi Mountain in fengjie county, Sichuan.
The Three Gorges is a famous natural barrier of the Yangtze River, and Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics has a wonderful description:
The Three Gorges, 700 miles away, is surrounded by mountains on both sides, without gaps, and the rocks are stacked one after another, covering the sky. I haven't seen the sun or the moon since midnight. As for launching Xiangling, it is along the back block. Or the king was in a hurry, and sometimes he sent Bai Di to Jiangling at dusk. During this period, I traveled more than 1200 miles, although I walked against the wind, not to get sick ... At the beginning of every sunny day, first frost was gone, the forest was cold and sad, and there were often high apes whistling, which was cited as a plaintive cry, and the hollow valley rang and the sadness turned leisurely. So the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong is long, and the apes cry three times, and tears are spilled on their skirts."
In 759, in the second year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong, Li Bai, a great poet, took a boat down the river and saw the dangerous peaks and wonders of Gao Jiang. In this poem, he wrote a seven-character quatrain of "Building Baidi City early".
Li Bai wrote under the circumstances that his predecessors had excellent works. It is interesting to compare this poem. The Three Gorges starts from Baidicheng and reaches Yichang, Hubei Province in the east. "Bai Di" and "Colorful Clouds" are not only the beautiful scenery when writing "Tide Ci", but more importantly, the terrain of Baidi City is high into the sky. The whole terrain of our country is high in the southwest and low in the southeast, and the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are very inclined. So the ship sailed from upstream to downstream, and the current was very fast. It is simply a "dive" from a high place to a low place, and the raging river is like a runaway wild horse. Therefore, there is no rendering of "colorful clouds" in prose, but it is by no means idle, and it is a high point to start with. Down the river, a thousand miles, wonderful.
"Thousands of miles away, Jiangling will return in one day." In fact, the words "a thousand miles" and "a day's return" in the previous sentence include the words in the Water Classic Note: "Sometimes I worship Baidi and arrive in Jiangling at dusk, during which I rode against the wind and didn't get sick." But Li Bai used the disparity between "a thousand miles" and "one day" as a contrast. The space distance of thousands of miles and the fatigue of a day's journey are very strong and give people a very profound and vivid impression. Of course, its artistic effect is not what a straightforward prose style can have. Because this sentence has fully written the speed of a ship traveling thousands of miles, and writing poetry should be highly concentrated, it is unnecessary to say "although you are against the wind, you are not sick." Poetry is to express the richest thoughts and feelings with the least language.
"The apes on both sides of the strait are crying, and the canoe has passed Chung Shan Man." Reading these two poems is thought-provoking: it makes us imagine that the "two banks" of the Three Gorges are countless "Chung Shan Man", that is, as written in the prose, "the two banks are connected with mountains without gaps, and the mountains and rocks overlap and cover the sky". Let's also imagine that in the middle of this canyon with mountains on both sides, the river roared and rolled eastward. A leaf boat went down the river like an arrow. Let's also imagine that the people on the flying boat at this time, the scenery on both sides of the strait flashed by, and only the mountain apes were heard one after another, continuously. In this seamless sound of apes, the canoe had passed Chung Shan Man. In the poem "Apes can't stop crying", it is written in the Notes on Water Classics: "The high apes wail, lead to sorrow, and the hollow valley echoes, and the sorrow turns for a long time." Prose is a narrative method to introduce "first frost is cold and sad in the Woods at the beginning of every sunny day" and there is often an "ape voice". The poet skillfully put the ape sound in the boating scene and wrote it through the feelings of the people on board. Create a brand-new artistic conception, make people immersive, and bring the thrilling and fast scene of boating in Gaoxia to life.
This poem was written by Li Bai on his way home from the East when he was pardoned. Li Bai exiled Yelang because of the Lin case and went through Sichuan. When I went to Baidicheng, I suddenly heard the forgiveness book and immediately got off the boat and went to Jiangling. Therefore, the feelings in the poem are cheerful, which is different from the tone of "high apes crow and attract sad cries" written in prose. For example, the word "Hui" is meaningful. Because Jiangling is not Li Bai's hometown, Li Bai feels as happy as returning home, vaguely revealing his joy of being forgiven. "The canoe has crossed Chung Shan Man", the word "light", is also very vivid. Of course, it refers to the lightness of the boat, but it also reveals the poet's relaxed mood at this time. As far as the whole poem is concerned, it is a portrayal of the cheerful mood of the poet at that time. A close friend commented on Yu Biyun's poem "A Brief Introduction to Poetic Realm", saying: "The Yangtze River is the fastest, the mountains are tight and the terrain is high. When the river is built down, the boatman will not sail, and the disease will be caused by birds. If you come to a poet, there is no one who specializes in chanting, but Taibai's works are enough. " Song Gule's Selected Poems of Tang Poetry also commented: "The reader was frightened, and the author was careless, and it seemed that it was effortless. Ruanting pushed it to the Three Tang Dynasties and believed it! " Zhu's essays mentioned above are the most famous essays describing the scenery of the Three Gorges, and Li Bai's performance of boating in the Three Gorges in the form of poetry has also become a swan song. Comparing this poem is instructive for us to understand the different creative methods of poetry and prose.