A study on the origin and evolution of the legend of Liang Zhu (Australia) Tan Xianda's excellent China folklore "butterfly lovers" is about the love tragedy in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Its outline is: In the seventh year of Jin Yonghe, there was a kind and simple scholar Liang Shanbo in Huiji, and a smart and beautiful young lady Zhu Yingtai in Shangyu who disguised as a man and went away to study. They went to Hangzhou to study together. Shan Bo is straightforward by nature and doesn't understand love.
they were classmates for three years, and they had deep feelings and became brothers with different surnames. Later, Yingtai went home at the orders of her parents. When Yingtai bid farewell to Shanbo, she repeatedly confided her love, but Shanbo was unaware of it.
Later, when he came home, he called on her. Knowing that she was a woman, he asked his parents to send media to ask for relatives. Under the pressure of parents' orders, Yingtai was forced to marry Ma Jun, but she still loved Shan Bo, who was angry and vomited blood because of his poverty and opposition from his snobbish father.
When Yingtai got married, the sedan chair passed by the side of Shanbo's tomb and went to pay homage. The tomb opened, and she jumped into it, and the tomb closed, and finally she died of double suicide. Yingtai made a strong resistance to feudal marriage, and this legend exposed the sin of feudal ethics eating people.
This legend has been circulated for more than 1,5 years. It first appeared in the late Jin Dynasty, about 4 AD.
but before the song dynasty, there was no direct and specific historical data preserved. The earlier information that can be seen today is that Liang Zaiyan's Ten Ways and Four Fanzhi in the early Tang Dynasty said: "A righteous woman wishes Yingtai and Liang Shanbo to be buried together, that is, it is also true.
"(see" The Siming Map of the Main Road "by Zhang Jin in Song Dynasty) It can be inferred from this that the folklore is very rich, and it is undoubtedly compressed after being recorded by the scripture writers. Later, after further oral processing and development by the people, the legend formed a relatively complete prototype of the early story.
In the late Tang Dynasty, Zhang Du included it in the Records of the Xuanshi. What is the original text? quot； Yingtai, Shangyu Zhu's daughter, pretended to be a man's clothing study tour, and studied with Liang Shanbo in Huiji. Shanbo, the word is benevolent.
I wish to return first. Two years later, when Shan Bo visited him, he realized that he was a woman, and he felt lost.
tell his parents to apply for a job, and wish him a good job. After Shan Bo was Yin Ling, he died of illness and was buried in the west of Shangmao City.
I wish Dr. Shi Ma, the boat crossed the tomb, but the wind and waves couldn't enter. When I learned that there was a mountain uncle's tomb, I wished to board the tomb, and the ground suddenly cracked, so I wished him to bury it. Xie An, the prime minister of the Jin Dynasty, wrote about his tomb, saying,' The Tomb of a Righteous Woman' "(see article 37 of Zhai Hao's Popular Compilation in Qing Dynasty," Liang Shanbo visits friends ").
This record only says that Liang Zhu was buried in the same place. It is hard to know how Liang Zhu forged deep affection, how he resisted feudal ethics and how he died. In the Grand View Room of Huizong in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 117), Li Maocheng, the governor of Mingzhou, wrote "The Temple of the King of Yi Zhong (Liang Shanbo)" (see the altar temple in Yin County Annals written by Kangxi, a famous Taoist in the Qing Dynasty), to the effect that after three years of Liang Zhu's classmates, I wish to miss my relatives and go home first, and two years later, Shan Bo also returned home.
When he visited Zhu's family, he knew Zhu was a woman, so he sent a matchmaker to make a match. Because he was late, Zhu was betrothed to Ma's family. Later, Shan Bo was appointed as the order of Yin (now Yin County). After she died of illness, she wished to pass by Shan Bo's tomb when she got married and went to sacrifice. Suddenly, the tomb cracked, and she jumped in and died of double suicide.
At that time, the Prime Minister Xie An made a statement and named it "the righteous woman's tomb". Liang Shanbo's ghost helped Liu Yuping "coach"-a peasant uprising, so he was named king of loyalty and righteousness, and people set up temples.
In the story, Shanbo became the protagonist, bent on being loyal to the emperor, hoping to get a temple, which is much more tortuous than the original legend. However, because the author stood on the feudal position, the major theme of anti-feudalism and anti-ethics among the people has been distorted. When it was told that Yingtai had been betrothed to the Ma family, he said, "God (Shanbo) sighed and said," Life should be a marquis, and death should be a temple food. What is the point? " "With his ghost to help Liu Yuping" Kou ",I want to get a temple.
In this way, Shanbo became a beneficiary who resolutely safeguarded feudal rule. The death of Yingtai was praised as "righteous".
As a result, her spirit of resistance to feudal marriage and feudal ethics was completely lost. This is because the theme has been seriously tampered with by feudal literati, and the folk color has disappeared. At the end, it said that when Yingtai cried at the tomb, the ground cracked and was buried, "the follower was shocked by his skirt, and if the wind cracked, he fell to Dongxi Xiyu.
"It can be seen that Zhu committed suicide by throwing himself off a cliff. After the death of Yingtai, become a butterfly ended no later than the Southern Song Dynasty.
During the Shaoxing period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1131-1162 AD), Xue Jixuan visited Shanquan Cave in Zhuling, and said, "Butterfly dances make the mountains beautiful, and flowers bloom like jade. "In the early Qing Dynasty, Wu Qian's Taoxi Hakka also quoted Xian Chun's Piling Records, a historian of the Southern Song Dynasty, as saying:" There used to be a poem saying,' Butterflies fly all over the garden, but there is no place for Bi Xian's temples. According to legend, Yingtai was a native woman, who studied with Liang Shanbo as a child and later became a butterfly.
"It can be seen that the ending of become a butterfly after Liang Zhu's death was popular in Xianchun (AD 1265-1274) in the Southern Song Dynasty at the latest. It enhances the positive romanticism of the legend and makes the story more tragic and moving.
Generally speaking, the main part of the legend of Liang Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty has been formed. In the Song Dynasty, there was Zhu Yingtai Jin, and in the Yuan Dynasty, there was a drama E68A 84E8A2AD 323133353631343133231363333333333333333333331623536, which proved that writers in the Song and Yuan Dynasties were already familiar with this legend.
in the Ming dynasty, influenced by the legendary "The Story of My Classmates", Eighteen Farewells, Loutaihui, Liu Yin's Worship, Talking with the Library, Thinking of My Brother in Yingtai, Asking for Reciprocity in Forty-nine Years, Forced Marriage in Majia Family, Double Love in Yingtai, etc., there were many folk operas and folk arts about Liang Zhu. These have been absorbed by folklore in various places, which adds life flavor and local color to them and is more popular among the people.
the legend of butterfly lovers originated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Because it profoundly reflected some good wishes of the people in the past, it went away without stopping, spread to all parts of the country, and became a hobby of all ethnic groups, and it has never died. Today, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Gansu and other provinces have preserved their temples, tombs and reading rooms.
For example, Yixing Shanjuan Cave, known as "the first wonder in the south of the Yangtze River with two caves", has a secluded cave, and there is a Bixian Temple outside the cave, which is said to be Liang Zhu's reading room. Although it was destroyed by fire, the word "Bixian Temple" on the Tang Dynasty stone tablet still exists. There are also "Yingtai Pavilion", "Double Butterfly Pavilion" and "Yingtai Qinjian Tomb".
Up to now, Guo Shan Yao in Hexian County, Guangxi Province, and Heiyi Yao near the town are also contending for Liang Zhu as their ancestors. It can be seen that the legend of butterfly lovers has already penetrated into China folk.
not only that, it also spread to. 2. Who knows butterfly lovers's classical Chinese
The story of butterfly lovers has been circulated among the people for a long time. See the legends of Liang Shanbo Bao Juan, Huashan Ji Yuefu, Visiting Friends and Classmates, also known as Double Butterflies. Many operas have performed this classic love drama, among which Liang Zhu of Yue Opera and Liang Zhu of Sichuan Opera. There are also different versions of Peking Opera in different periods, such as butterfly lovers starring Qin Youmei in Shenyang Peking Opera Theatre in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Anti-Marriage between Britain and Taiwan arranged by Peking Opera master Cheng Yanqiu, Liu Yin Story transplanted from Sichuan Opera by Ye Shaolan and Du Jinfang, and the new version of Butterfly Lovers arranged by Chi Xiaoqiu and Zhu Qiang in recent years.
The main idea of the play is: In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zhu Yingtai disguised as a man and went to Hangzhou (Nishan is the Sichuan Opera) to study, and Liang Shanbo of Lu Yu became brothers and classmates for three years because of the same interests. After that, Zhu Yingtai returned home, and before the trip, he asked his wife to marry Liang Shanbo.
Eighteen gifts, and Zhu Yingtai promised each other as a "sister". Liang Shanbo was informed and proposed to Zhujia. At this time, Zhuya Gongyuan had married Ma Wencai, the son of Ma Taishou.
Liang Zhu and his wife met in the balcony. After that, Liang Shanbo came home sick and died. When Zhu Yingtai was newly married, the sedan chair made a detour to Liang Shanbo's grave to pay homage. Thunder cracked the grave and Yingtai entered the grave.
Liang Zhu become a butterfly dances in pairs. With regard to butterfly lovers, the author has seen some records that Liang was from the Ming Dynasty and Zhu was from the Southern and Northern Dynasties, which were separated by thousands of years.
Zhu Ben is a chivalrous woman who robbed the rich and helped the poor. She went to Ma Taishou's house for three times to steal silver. Finally, Ma Wencai, the son of Zhongma, was ambushed and died under the knife. The people buried it with a thick burial and erected a monument in front of the grave, engraved with the "Tomb of Zhu Yingtai Woman" on the front and recorded it in detail on the back.
over the years, the monument sank underground. Liang was a county official of Yinxian County, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. He was honest and upright, lost his wife in middle age, and had no children. When he was buried after his death, he dug out the tombstone of Zhuzhi, and many people felt sorry for it, but it seemed inappropriate to bury it for Liang, so he was buried together and erected a monument. The black one was Liang, and the red one was Zhu ... From then on, the legend of dispatching people was perfunctory.
The Story of butterfly lovers During the Yonghe period in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there was a village of Zhujiazhuang in the south of Shanjuan Mountain, a scenic spot. There is a well-off and well-off family in the village, who is called Zhu Yuanwai.
I wish the family rules, and the property is passed on from man to woman. Because I wish you no son, in order to inherit the family property, I wish you to dress up your daughter Yingtai in men's clothes since childhood.
Yingtai is both talented and attractive, intelligent and eager to learn. When he reached the age of study, Mr. Zhu sent Yingtai to the nearby Bixian Temple to study.
When I was studying in Bixian Temple, a classmate named Liang Shanbo lived in Liangjiazhuang, where Shanjuan Mountain went to Wuli in the northwest. As soon as they met, they hit it off and became bosom friends. So they became sworn friends with Jin Lan on the grass bridge in Shanjuan Houdong, and they were brothers. Yingtai and Shanbo have been classmates in Bixian Temple for three years. During this period, they went to Qilu to pay homage to Confucius and went to Soochow to study together.
They eat together every day, sleep together at night, and sing in harmony with each other. Shan Bo is not only highly educated, but also honest and upright, which won the admiration of Zhu Yingtai.
However, in the past three years, Yingtai has always been undressed. Although Shan Bo has repeatedly raised doubts, he has been prevaricated by Yingtai. Shan Bo never knew Yingtai was a woman.
After three years of classmates' life, Liang Zhu has a deep affection, and Zhu Yingtai has a love for Liang Shanbo. Three years later, Liang Shanbo will continue to study in Yuhang, and I wish my father that Yingtai is not allowed to go because of its age and accidents.
They reluctantly gave each other tokens. Shanbo gave Yingtai a guqin sword, and Yingtai returned Shanbo's gold-plated folding fan and wrote the word "Bixian" in person.
When Shanbo went to Hang Cheng, Britain and Taiwan sent eighteen miles to each other. On the way, Britain and Taiwan borrowed things many times to express their affection. But the honest and simple mountain man was unaware of it and didn't understand its meaning.
When leaving, Yingtai made a false promise to Liang Shanbo with her nine sisters at home, and appointed a date to invite Shan Bo to visit her family and propose marriage. After Yingtai returned home, unexpectedly, her parents had betrothed Yingtai to Ma Shi in Yixi Whale Pond.
When Shanbo came back from studying in Yuhang and visited Zhujia, Yingtai wore red makeup and green sleeves, and Luo Fan covered her face. When she came to meet him, Shanbo knew that she was a woman. When I learned that Yingtai had hired Ma Shi, I was heartbroken and extremely sad.
When they left, they made a vow: "Life can't be married, but death will be a pair." After Liang Zhu's tears, Shanbo became depressed and died soon, and he was buried in the village of Xihu Bridge.
Yingtai was heartbroken when she heard the news, and decided to die with her life. On the day of leaving the cabinet, he insisted on paying homage to Huqiao.
when the sedan chair arrived at the tomb of Huqiao Mountain, the podium was hung in front of it, wailing and crashing into the monument. Suddenly, the wind was blowing hard, the sky was chaotic, sand and stones were flying, and the ground suddenly cracked and the podium fell into it. After the wind stopped raining, the rainbow hung high, and there were two huge butterflies dancing around, which were spread by the spirits of Liang Zhu and Liang Zhu. The black one was Zhu Yingtai, and the yellow one was Liang Shanbo. The lovers were inseparable, and fly with me was between heaven and earth.
butterfly lovers, a Shaoxing opera, has become the most striking famous drama in this subject because of the wide spread of the film version. Yuan Xuefen and Fan Ruijuan first performed The History of Liang Zhu's Sorrow in 1945. In 1951, the East China Yue Opera Experimental Troupe rearranged the play and added "become a butterfly". The script was dictated by Yuan Xuefen and Fan Ruijuan, written by Xu Jin, directed by Huang Sha, arranged by Chen Jie and Xue Yan, and designed by Xing Xi and Su Shifeng.
Fan Ruijuan plays Liang Shanbo, Fu Quanxiang plays Zhu Yingtai, Zhang Guifeng plays Zhu Gongyuan, Lv Ruiying plays Yin Xin, Wei Xiaoyun plays Si Jiu and Jin Yanfang plays Shi Mu. In 1952, the play participated in the first national opera viewing and performance conference, and won the script award, the first performance award, the music composition award and the beautiful dance design award. The leading actors Fan Ruijuan and Fu Quanxiang won the first prize as actors, Zhang Guifeng won the second prize as actors, and Lv Ruiying won the third prize as actors.
In 1953, the drama was produced by Shanghai Film Studio into the first domestic color opera art film, which was written by Xu Jin and Sang Hu, directed by Sang Hu and Huang Sha, and starred by Yuan Xuefen and Fan Ruijuan. In 1952, Sichuan Opera "The Story of Liu Yin" also participated in the performance of the first national opera viewing and performance conference, and won the script award. Chen Shufang won the first prize as an actor, and Yuan Yukun and Liu Chengji won the second prize as actors.
There are many different versions of the story about Liang Zhu in Beijing Opera, among which The Story of Liu Yin transplanted by Ma Yanxiang according to Sichuan Opera and Cheng Yanqiu's masterpiece Ying Tai Anti-Marriage in his later years are the most popular. Liu Yin was designed by Wang Yaoqing and premiered by Du Jinfang and Ye Shenglan in 1953.
The whole drama is divided into 1 scenes, and the important scenes are "Another Family from Britain and Taiwan", "Liu Yin's Worship", "Talking in the Library", "Seeing the Mountain Man Off", "Thinking of Brother from England and Taiwan", "Visiting Friends from Zhuang" and "Sacrificing become a butterfly". The biggest feature of this drama is its elegant and gorgeous lyrics, beautiful and meaningful, and many sentences break the traditional seven-character and cross sentences in Beijing opera. 3. butterfly lovers's last poem by become a butterfly
"Butterfly Lovers": The moon is white and the wind is clear in Hua Xiren, and the screen window is full of blue lights.
at night, all kinds of people are speechless, and I still hear the sound of reading in the west building. Wind and rain are accompanied by economic growth, helping each other and encouraging fellow travelers.
childhood friends have no guesses, but soul mates are bosom friends. I have been with you for several spring days, but I don't know Yingtai's daughter.
it's not until lotus leaves the water that we realize the most bitter lovesickness. Elegance Confucian scholars are romantic, and gentle and graceful jasper is also affectionate.
flowers often meet under the moon, and the soil is Xiangshan Haimeng. Jade people intentionally or unintentionally, Jin Yuliang married a few? The matchmaker's words came from his parents' orders, hitting Yuanyang and Yuanyang in the west and east.
Smile and ask ordinary love what he is, and make a commitment to life and death without hating. In this life, I have no chance to be with Bai Shou, and I will catch up with the old feelings in the afterlife.
life and death are inseparable, and there are hundreds of companies on the road to death. Both become a butterfly danced, and they loved each other.
I love Liang Zhu's melodious songs, which are sad and beautiful. Even if the grass bridge can meet, who is sad in the middle?
how many marriages have been done since ancient times, and in the end they always leave each other. Now that flowers are blooming and falling, I wonder who listens to this song. Luo Ye, a native of Yuhang, Zhejiang Province, wrote the seven-rhythm poem "Butterfly", in which there is a poem "The custom says that a righteous wife is clothed", which refers to the story of Liang Zhu. 4. What is the story of Liang Zhu become a butterfly?
When Liang Zhu become a butterfly was handed down to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there were eight sons and one daughter outside the Zhu Yuan who was a government official.
My youngest daughter, Jiumei, is named Zhu Yingtai. Zhu Yingtai wanted to go to Hangzhou to study, but she was afraid that her father would stop her, so she dressed up as a divination master. Miss Zhu didn't see any flaw at all, so she agreed to let her daughter go to Hangzhou to study.
But this incident has aroused the jealousy of Zhu Yingtai's sister-in-law. Zhu Yingtai's sister-in-law is also born in a noble family, and she is as good as Zhu Yingtai in terms of appearance and talent.
Now I hear that Yingtai is going to study, and I am very dissatisfied.