Victor Hugo (Victor Hugo, 1802.2.26 ~ 1885.5.22) was the leader of the Romantic literary movement in the 19th century and a representative figure of humanitarianism.
Hugo was born in Besan?on, Doubs, in eastern France, close to Switzerland. His father was a general under Napoleon. When he was a child, Hugo was stationed in Spain with his father. When he was 10 years old, he returned to Paris to go to school. , graduated from high school and entered law school, but his interest lies in writing. At the age of 15, he won the prize in the poetry competition of the French College. At the age of 17, he won the first place in the "Hundred Flowers Poetry Competition". At the age of 20, he published a collection of poems, "Ode". He was rewarded by Louis XVIII for praising the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty, and later wrote a large number of exotic poems. Later, he was disappointed with both the Bourbon Dynasty and the July Dynasty and became a pacifist. He also wrote many poetic dramas and scripts, and several novels with distinctive characteristics and implementation of his ideas.
Character Chronology
Born on February 26, 1802 in Besancon, eastern France.
In 1819, he co-founded the "Conservative Literature and Art Biweekly" with the romantic poet Pooh and others. Published first poem in a journal.
In 1822, he compiled his first collection of poems, Odes and Miscellaneous Poems. Married Edna in St. Subis Cathedral.
In 1825, he was awarded the Medal of Honor and participated in the coronation ceremony of Charles X.
In 1827, he published the verse play "Cromwell" and the famous Romantic Manifesto, and became the leader of the Romantic movement.
In 1831, he completed the romantic literary masterpiece and novel "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" (The Hunchback of Notre Dame).
In 1841, he was elected to the French Academy and publicly expressed his support for the constitutional monarchy.
In 1843, the script "Les Burgraves" (Les Burgraves) failed and his daughter Leopoldin died unexpectedly. He stopped new works and turned to the political stage.
In 1845, he was promoted to the nobility and named Count Hugo.
In 1848, the "Chronicle of Major Events" was founded.
Arrested and imprisoned in 1850, Hugo fled Paris under the pseudonym Lanvin.
In 1851, Louis Bonaparte launched a coup and declared an imperial system, and Hugo was forced to go into exile.
In 1853, "Punishment", a collection of poems full of satirical political meaning, was published.
The full name of the letter to Captain Butler in 1861 condemning the British and French forces' invasion of China and the destruction of the Old Summer Palace was "Letter to Captain Butler on the British and French Allied Forces' Expedition to China."
In 1862, the immortal masterpiece "Les Misérables" was published.
In 1868, Edna, Hugo’s wife, passed away.
In 1870, the Third Revolution and the government were established, ending nineteen years of exile and returning to Paris.
In 1871, he was elected as a representative to the National Assembly.
In 1876 Hugo was elected senator.
In 1883, the third volume of "Legends of the Century" was completed.
On May 22, 1885, he died of illness in Paris. On June 1, Hugo's coffin was placed under the Arc de Triomphe for all people to pay their respects, and he was buried in the Paris Cemetery of the Great.
Chronology of works
1827: "Cromwell" (play)
1829: "les Orientales" (poetry) )
1830: "Hernani" (script)
1831: "Notre-Dame de Paris" (The Hunchback of Notre Dame) (Notre-Dame de Paris) (Novel)
1838: "Ruy Blas" (Script)
1853: "Chatiments" (Poetry)
1856: "les Contemplations" (poetry)
1862: "les Miserables" (novel)
1869: "The Man Who Laughs" (L' Homme qui Rit) (novel)
1859-1883: "La Legende des siecles" (poetry)
1874: "Quatre-Vingt- Treize) (novel)
Script
"Cromwell", a verse play published in 1827. The "Preface" of the script is considered to be the declaration of the French Romantic drama movement and is Hugo's extremely important literary treatise.
"Hernani" (Egny), its premiere in 1830, was a symbol of the complete victory of French Romanticism over Classicism.
Novel
"Notre Dame de Paris", written in 1831, is Hugo's famous novel and a representative of romantic novels.
The two characters in the novel, Quasimodo and Archdeacon Frollo, are in contrast. The former is ugly in appearance, but pure and kind-hearted. The latter is sanctimonious. The heroine Esmond is the embodiment of beauty.
"The Man Who Laughs" was published in 1869. The novel has the same contrast between beauty and ugliness as Notre Dame de Paris. The protagonist Gwen Pulan was born into a noble family, but due to intrigues in the palace, her face was disfigured when she was a child. Later, he was adopted by the folk artist "Xiong" (or transliterated as "Usus"). Therefore, Gwen Pulan is the son of the people. Later, the novel took a turn, and Gwen Pulan's fate experienced great ups and downs. However, due to the death of her lover "Goddess" (transliterated as "Di"), she was completely desperate and threw herself into the river. The creation of "The Laughing Man" marked a big step for the author towards realism.
"Les Misérables" lasted more than thirty years, from conception in 1828 to creation in 1845. It was not until 1861 that Hugo finally completed the book. It is a literary masterpiece that best reflects Hugo's literary techniques and ideas. In the novel, Hugo described the deep suffering of the lower class people. And through the protagonist Shang Wanqiang's experience, Hugo's thoughts of compassion and compassion are expressed.
"1993" is Hugo's last novel. The two opposing characters in the novel, the revolutionary Guo Wen and the royalist Marquis de Lantenac, are another contrast between good and evil by Hugo. After Guo Wen captured the Marquis of Lantenac, he thought that the Marquis of Lantenac had saved three children, so he even sent himself to the guillotine and let the enemy leader go. This arrangement best reflects Hugo's belief in compassion and pure conscience.
Letters
"My Praise" is a letter written by the famous French writer Hugo in 1861 to the French Army Captain Bartlet who participated in the burning of the Old Summer Palace in Beijing. In his letter, Hugo highly praised the history, culture, and artistic value of the Old Summer Palace, and angrily denounced the crimes of the British and French invading troops. In fact, through this information, we can understand a period of history between France and China. Reading this book can't help but make people's hearts agitated and unable to calm down for a long time.
At the beginning of the letter, he wrote: Sir, you asked me what I thought of this expedition to China. You think this expedition is worthy of praise. It was a great job and you were very polite and paid great attention to my feelings. . According to your high opinion, this expedition to China under the twin banners of Queen Victoria and Emperor Napoleon is a glory to Britain and France; you want to know how much I appreciate this victory of Britain and France. Since you know your opinion, my reply is as follows:
In a corner of the world, there is a great miracle of mankind, and this miracle is the Old Summer Palace. Art has two origins: one is the idea - from which European art emerged; an almost superhuman nation gathered in the Yuanmingyuan everything that a nation could imagine. The Old Summer Palace is the prototype of a huge fantasy. If fantasy can have a prototype, just imagine an indescribable building, a fairyland like the Moon Palace, that is the Old Summer Palace. Suppose there is a splendid building that embodies the greatest achievements of human imagination. The treasure cave appears in the image of a palace and temple, that is, the Old Summer Palace. In order to build the Old Summer Palace, people worked for two generations for a long time. So who built this huge, city-like garden that took centuries to build? For the people. Because the passage of time will make everything belong to all mankind. An art master, poet, and philosopher, he only knows the Old Summer Palace. Voltaire spoke of it. They have always compared the Parthenon in Greece, the pyramids in Egypt, the Arena in Rome, Notre Dame in Paris and the Old Summer Palace in the East. If people cannot see the Old Summer Palace with their own eyes, they see it in their dreams. It seems to be a previously unknown and amazing masterpiece vaguely seen in the distant twilight, just like the outline of Asian civilization rising on the European horizon. This airy world is gone now.
Once, two robbers ran into the Old Summer Palace. One started to rob it, and the other set it on fire. It turns out that victory means carrying out abnormal plunder. The victors stole all the wealth of the Old Summer Palace and then divided the spoils among themselves. All these things were done in the name of Elgin. This reminds me of the Parthenon. They treated the Parthenon the same way they treated the Old Summer Palace, but this time they did it more simply and thoroughly, sweeping away everything without leaving anything behind. Even if all the treasures of all the Notre Dame cathedrals in our country are added together, they cannot compare with this large and magnificent Oriental Museum. This Oriental museum houses not only contact art, but also a dazzling array of gold and silver artifacts. This is really a great achievement and a very proud extra money! One of the victors filled his pockets, and the other man did the same thing and filled his trunks. After that, they both returned to Europe hand in hand. This is the experience of these two robbers.
We Europeans always think of ourselves as civilized people, but in our eyes, the Chinese are barbarians. However, this is how civilization treats barbarism. When it is handed over to the judgment of history in the future, one of the robbers will be called France; the other - called England. I will protest against them and thank you for giving me the opportunity to protest. The crimes committed by rulers must not be confused with the faults of the people they rule. It is always the government that commits robberies, never the people.
Standing at the height of history, while angrily criticizing the invaders who trampled on human civilization, Hugo once predicted: The French Empire has embezzled half of its treasures. Now, she is so shameless that she repays all the treasures. Identity put these beautiful ancient cultural relics in the Old Summer Palace on public display. I believe that there will come a day when France, which is liberated and cleansed of its dirt, will return its stolen goods to the plundered China.
I will prove it for now: these two robbers were responsible for this robbery. Sir, you now finally know that this is my appreciation for the expedition to China.
Collection of Poems
The Poor Children Look at this little son of the earth. He is so great. He possesses the most noble qualities of God. Before the children are born, they shine in the blue sky. Dazzling light
Take heed of this small child of earth; He is great; he hath in him God most high. Children before their fleshly birth Are lights alive in the blue sky.
In our frivolous and painful world of wrong, they come lightly and are given by God. Their murmurs speak of God's teachings and their pure smiles reveal God's tolerance
In our light bitter world of wrong They come; God gives us them awhile. His speech is in their stammering tongue, And his forgiveness in their smile.
Our eyes dwell in their sweet light! Their right to be happy is so simple! If they are hungry, Paradise weeps If they are cold, Heaven trembles with pain
Their sweet light rests upon our eyes. Alas! their right to joy is plain. If they are hungry Paradise Weeps , and, if cold, Heaven thrills with pain.
While the world's greed continues to corrode these innocent flowers, sinful people are judging right and wrong, but mortals have angels in their hands. ah! How come there is angry thunder stirring in the depths of heaven!
The want that saps their sinless flower Speaks judgment on sin's ministers. Man holds an angel in his power. Ah! deep in Heaven what thunder stirs,
The God who overshadows our rest. When God seeks out these tender things Whom in the shadow where we sleep He sends us clothed about with wings, And finds them ragged babes that weep!
Quotes
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Happiness in life is to be sure that someone loves you, someone Love you for who you are, or more accurately, someone who loves you without asking you how. ——"Les Miserables"
The widest thing in the world is the ocean, wider than the ocean is the sky, and wider than the sky is the human mind.
The future will belong to two types of people: people who think and people who work. In fact, these two people are the same person, because thinking is also labor.
Beyond the absolutely correct revolution, there is also an absolutely correct humanitarianism.
Human wisdom holds three keys, one for numbers, one for letters, and one for notes. Knowledge, thoughts, fantasies are there.
What the world lacks is perseverance, not strength.
Boldness is the price of progress.
You should believe that you are the strong one in life.
The road to art is full of thorns, which is also a good thing. Most people are afraid of it, except those with strong will.
Whoever wastes their years will lose their youth and life will abandon them.
Laughter is like sunshine, driving away the winter on people’s faces.
It is better to reluctantly agree than to refuse frankly.
It is the human heart that releases infinite light, and it is the human heart that creates boundless darkness.
Books are tools for building the soul.
People can survive only if they have material things; people can live life only if they have ideals.
Where the feet cannot reach, the eyes can reach; where the eyes cannot reach, the spirit can fly.
One more school can save one prison.
Life is about facing a smile.
Man has two ears, one hears the voice of God and the other hears the voice of the devil.
I would rather rely on my own strength to open up my future than seek the favor of a powerful person.
The first hunger of mankind is ignorance.
If you don’t know pain, you are not a good man.
Famous quotes from Victor Hugo's works
What weapon does humanity use? What kind of ordnance is it? It's a cradle.
——"1993"
With a little effort, a nettle can become a useful thing; if you don't care at all, it becomes a harmful thing, so it is eradicated. How many people resemble nettles!
Never be afraid of thieves and murderers. That's the danger outside of yourself, a small danger. Let’s just be afraid of ourselves. Prejudice is a thief; vice is a murderer. The great danger lies within ourselves. What is the danger that threatens our heads or our wallets? Consider the dangers that threaten our souls!
The most sacred generosity of mankind is to atone for the sins of others.
The things that human beings depend on for survival are "definitely" more important than bread.
The human heart is more dazzling and darker than anywhere else; nothing that the spiritual eye can gaze upon is as terrifying, complex, mysterious, or boundless as the human heart. There is a scene that is grander than the ocean, and that is the sky; there is another scene that is grander than the sky, and that is the inner world of man.
Pleasure, what a sad purpose, what a trivial ambition! Only the ignorant enjoy themselves. Think, this is the true victory of the soul.
A monastery is a contradiction. The purpose is eternal happiness; the method is sacrifice. Monastery is extreme selfishness resulting from extreme self-denial.
Meditating and observing is work; thinking about mysterious sounds is action.
He who never prays really needs someone who is always praying.
There is infinity outside of us, but isn’t there also infinity within us? Don't these two infinities overlap with each other? Isn't the second infinity intrinsic to the first infinity? Is it not another infinite mirror, reflection and echo, with a center point? Does the second infinity also have intelligence? Is it thinking? Will it love? Does it have a wish? If both infinities have intelligence, then each has a will-generating essence. There is an I in the upper infinity, and likewise there is an I in the lower infinity. The one below me is the soul, and the one above me is God.
Thinking, fantasy, and prayer are all huge and mysterious radiations. We should respect it. Where does this magnificent radiance of the soul shine? Shooting into darkness means shooting towards light.
Destroy fanaticism and revere the infinite, this is the right way.
People who are running for their lives cannot cough or sneeze.
Any woman knows this from the day she is born! Her mouth answers to one person, but her eyes answer to another.
——"Les Miserables"
Can laughter and happiness be equated? The bronze statue seems to be laughing, making people laugh, but in fact it is meditating.
All sentient beings have too many brains and end up without thoughts; they have too many eyes and end up seeing nothing; they themselves are the surface, so they always stay on the surface.
The rich man’s paradise is built by the poor out of hell.
The wind is like a lonely person who talks a lot.
The trouble with words is that they represent clearer outlines than ideas. The boundaries of various ideas can cross each other, but words cannot. The mind always has some diffuse angle from which words escape. Expression is limited but thought is unlimited.
The flesh shouts: "Go!" The soul cries: "Don't go!"
I am the terrible Laughing Man. What is the Smiling Man laughing at? Laughing at you, at himself, at everything. What does his smile mean? Means your sins and His sufferings. He throws this sin upon your heads, He spits this pain in your faces. I laugh, which means: I'm crying.
——"The Laughing Man"
Being ripped off the mask is a kind of failure, but taking off the mask yourself is a kind of victory.
Once you fall into the abyss of pain, sometimes it will drive you out of the world of the living.
Doing and achieving are two different things. For example, it is easy to dream, but it is difficult to make your dreams come true.
At the end of the abyss, there was a contest between representatives of conspiracy and evil. On one side were beasts and on the other side were humans. The evil beasts executed the evildoers. What terrible justice.
——"Sea Labor"