Du Fu’s name: Du Fu, courtesy name Zimei Years of birth and death: 712 to 770 AD Birthplace: Gong County, Henan Dynasty: Tang Dynasty Works: "Collection of Du Gongbu" Historical evaluation and Li Bai is regarded as The pinnacle of Tang poetry, his poems were refined and painstakingly crafted, setting a model for later generations of literati. Lifetime Achievements Very few of Du Fu's early works remain. These poems are consistent with the trend of the times, full of confidence, and have a heroic tendency, but they are obviously different from Du Fu's own later works. For example, the words "there is no open space in its direction" and "it can travel thousands of miles" are used to write about horses, and the words "how to attack ordinary birds, and the hair and blood are scattered on the grass" are used to write about eagles, both of which are incomparable. The poem "Wang Yue" writes: "When you are at the top of the mountain, you can see all the small mountains at a glance", which is extraordinary in spirit. At the age of 35, Du Fu ended his life of studying and wandering and came to Chang'an with confidence to seek fame. But after staying there for 10 years, I repeatedly encountered obstacles. Soon his father passed away and his life became difficult. After being tempered by many hardships, he saw the misfortune of the country and the people through his personal misfortune. At this time, the traditional Confucian outlook on life played an important role in his personality and behavioral habits. In the eleventh year of Tianbao (752 years), Du Fu wrote his famous article "The Troops and Chariots", which with a serious attitude truly recorded the tragic scene of people being driven to the battlefield to die. This poem marks a change in Du Fu's poetry. This formed and basically ran through the ideological content characteristics of Du Fu's poetry creation throughout his subsequent life: serious realistic spirit; on the premise of being loyal to the Tang Dynasty and the monarch, he severely criticized the corruption in the ruling group; he also criticized the people's livelihood. Deep sympathy for the suffering; deep concern for the fate of the country and nation. "The carriages are rolling, the horses are rustling, and the pedestrians are carrying their bows and arrows. The father-in-law and the wife are walking to see each other off, and the Xianyang Bridge is nowhere to be seen. I hold my clothes and step on the road to cry, and the cry goes up to the sky." "The Troops and Chariots" begins with a line A tragic picture. Then the criticism was directed at Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, who was so happy about his achievements: "The side court bled into the sea water, and Emperor Wu had no intention of opening the side court!" The poem went on to write about the decline of domestic productivity caused by the war: "Don't you hear that the Han family has two hundred states in Shandong and thousands of villages? There are thousands of thorns and thorns in the sky, but even if there are strong women plowing them, there will be no crops in the fields." Finally, I used my imagination to cry out in grief and indignation for the innocent dead: "Don't you see the head of Qinghai, there is no one to collect the bones of the past. The avenged ghost cries, and the sky is wet with rain and chirping! "In Tang poetry, there has never been a work that faces reality so seriously and has a profound critical spirit. After that, he wrote "The Journey of Beauty", which exposed the extravagant and lustful life of the relatives of Xuanzong's favorite concubine Yang Yuhuan. The long poem "Five Hundred Words of Ode to the Emperor from Beijing to Fengxian" sharply contrasts the drunken life and death of the supreme ruling group with the plight of the people who are hungry and cold. The poem summarizes the darkness and irrationality of society. In November of the 14th year of Tianbao, the "Anshi Rebellion" started. He had just started his official career and was thrown into a homeless life before he could continue. In the second year of Qianyuan (759), he gave up his official position, took his family with him, and headed west to Qinzhou and Tonggu, passing Jianmen to Chengdu. After the Anshi Rebellion, the disintegration of the Tang Dynasty did not stop. A violent turmoil turned into continuous decline, which made Du Fu even more disappointed with the country's future. The mood in his later poems was even heavier than during the Anshi Rebellion. His attitude toward the tyranny and corruption of warlords and bureaucrats became More sharp and severe. Although there are few works with such detailed descriptions as "The Troops of the Chariot", "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", the facts revealed in highly summarized poetic language have a shocking power. The last 11 years of Du Fu's life were an important period for the poet's poetry creation. He left more than 1,000 works, accounting for more than 2/3 of the total number of poems in Du Gongbu Collection. "Wen Guanjun Takes Henan and Hebei", "Wulang Presents Again", "Autumn Rising", "Generals", "Yong Huai Monuments", "Long Night Book Huai", etc. are all outstanding representative works of this period. Especially during the two years of living in Kuizhou, Du Fu's rhythmic poetry creation reached a state of proficiency, which can be said to be the second peak of Du Fu's poetry. Du Fu's poetry has been known as the "history of poetry" since ancient times. In fact, Du Fu was not interested in history. His poems with historical documentary characteristics, as well as those poems that record his own experiences and reflect the face of history, are the crystallization of his life and history and the hardships he suffered. Personal bitterness, blood and tears. His own experiences were entangled with the sufferings of his contemporaries. For people living in turbulent times, this type of poetry is particularly appealing. For example, after he fled to Fengxiang and had the opportunity to visit his family in Yanzhou, he wrote his famous poem "Three Poems on Qiang Village". The first poem wrote: "The majestic red clouds are in the west, and the ground is flat under the sun's feet. Chaimen Bird The birds are noisy, and the guests are coming from thousands of miles away. My wife and children are so surprised that I still shed tears. Survival is unexpected. The neighbors are all over the wall, holding candles in the night, and they are like sleeping in a dream. A dramatic and extremely touching scene. In that sudden war and chaos, it was common for families to be destroyed, but it seemed unimaginable to reunite flesh and blood. Du Fu used accurate and vivid language to clearly present the complex emotions of the family when they met again, as if they were in a dream, and they were also shocked, sad and happy, which was deeply touching.
For thousands of years, it has caused countless people's inner cries! It is precisely because personal destiny is entangled with the sufferings of the times that Du Fu, who is full of compassion and social responsibility, uses the broad mind of a Confucian to free himself from his own sorrow and integrate his destiny into a broader social life. In his "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind", he wrote: "There are tens of thousands of mansions in the vastness of the country. It shelters all the poor people in the world and makes them happy. It is as peaceful as a mountain without being affected by wind or rain. Wow, when did I suddenly see this house in front of me? My hut is broken and frozen alone." Death is enough." In the midst of hunger and cold, what he cared about was not personal happiness, but the warmth of the poor people in the world. This broad mind has moved generations of descendants of Yan and Huang. Du Fu, burdened with a heavy sense of responsibility for the fate of his country and nation, stared at the land of blood and tears, faithfully depicting the face of the times and his inner sorrow. This creative tendency that goes deep into society, cares about politics and people's livelihood, and attaches great importance to realism, and the resulting series of changes in language expressions, not only marks a major turning point in the content and style of Tang poetry, but also has a profound influence on the Tang Dynasty from the mid-Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty. The development of poetry has had a profound impact. Du Shi's hard work and hard work can serve as a model for others. In this regard, Du Shi's influence on future generations is greater than that of Li Bai. Life sketch In our impression, Du Fu always seems to be so depressed and angry, but in fact he also has a wild and romantic side. At that time, the Tang Empire was in the prosperous stage of China's feudal society. The entire nation and era showed a vigorous and enterprising atmosphere, and Du Fu was also affected by the ethos of the times. He was also young. When he was young, he didn't even look down on people like Qu Yuan, Jia Yi, Cao Zhi, and Liu Zhen. His poem "Zhuang You" recalled the past, claiming that he was "rich in nature and addicted to alcohol, jealous of evil and strong-hearted", and "drinking to his heart's content and looking at the eight extremes, all worldly things are lost." At the age of 24, Du Fu went to Luoyang to take the exam but failed. He wandered around Qi and Zhao and lived a wild life. At the age of 33, Du Fu and Li Bai met in Luoyang, and they traveled together as heroes in the Liang and Song Dynasties. They drank and sang, generously recalled the past, chased and hunted, and they also had a certain sense of chivalry. Li Bai was already a world-famous poet at that time. His special style and outstanding talent deeply attracted Du Fu. Du Fu is an emotional person. He did not have a long relationship with Li Bai, but when Li Bai was in danger, he was haunted by his dreams and repeatedly wrote touching poems such as "Dream of Li Bai" and "Embrace Li Bai at the End of the World". It can be seen that the poet was also a temperamental person when he was young. It was only because of the current social situation at that time and the difficulties of life in the future that the poet turned his attention more to the sufferings of the people and paid more attention to realist themes. A good saying passed down from generation to generation: When you reach the top of the mountain, you can see all the mountains and small mountains at a glance. In the past I heard about the water in Dongting. Now I go to Yueyang Tower. To the southeast of Wu and Chu, the universe floats day and night. There are no relatives or friends, and there are no old and sick people. The army was in the north of the mountain, and Feng Xuansi was flowing into the river. There are tens of thousands of mansions in Ande, which can shelter the poor people all over the world and make them happy. They are as peaceful as a mountain that does not stand up to wind and rain. Wow, when I suddenly see this house in front of my eyes, it will be enough for my house to be broken down and freeze to death.
——I partially borrowed information from Baidu