Tang Dynasty: Meng Haoran
The mountain was dark when it saw it, and the darkness of the mountain flowed eastward, day and night. (Text: Listen)
The wind on both sides of the strait rustled the branches and leaves, and the moonlight reflected on the river, a boat on a river.
Jiande's scenery is good, but it's not my hometown. I still miss my old friends in Yangzhou.
Recalling those two lines of tears that I couldn't restrain, I looked at the west side of the west bank and sent sadness to Yangzhou.
translate
When the mountain is dark, listening to the ape makes people worry, and the Tongjiang River flows east day and night.
The wind on both sides of the Taiwan Strait rustled the leaves, and the moonlight shone like water on the lonely boat by the river.
Jiande has beautiful scenery, but it is not my hometown. I still miss my old friends in Yangzhou.
I can't stop crying when I think of homesickness. I look at Haixi and worry about Yangzhou.
To annotate ...
Tonglu River: Tonglu River, located in Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province. Guangling: Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province today. Laolv: refers to an old friend.
Xun: It refers to dusk.
Cangjiang: refers to Tonglu River. Pale and "pale" homonym, named after the river is pale blue.
Jiande: the county name of the Tang Dynasty, now Jiande County, Zhejiang Province. Not my land: not my hometown. RoyceWong's Ode to the Building: "Although I believe in beauty and don't believe in my land, how can I stay less?"
Wei Yang: Yangzhou. Shu Dong Yugong: "Huaihai defends Yangzhou."
Remote delivery: remote delivery. Haixitou: refers to Yangzhou. Yang Di's Song of the Dragon Boat: "Excuse me, where is Yangzhou, the head of Huainan Beihai West?" Because ancient Yangzhou had a vast territory and the sea in the east, it was called Yangzhou.
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The first four sentences of the poem focus on the scenery of staying in Tonglu River. Lonely scenery such as sunset, deep mountains, apes' cries, rivers, autumn winds and solitary boats constitute a quiet and lonely artistic conception, which sets off the poet's endless sadness; The last four sentences are centered on "sending a trip to the old Guangling". The poet told his friends about a person's melancholy and loneliness in a foreign land, and also expressed his feelings of missing his friends. The first half of the poem is about scenery, and the second half is about the perfect fusion of scenery and emotion. The more real the scenery is, the deeper the emotion is, the more natural it looks and the lasting appeal is long.
The poem points out that when I stopped at Tonglu River by boat, I missed the works of Guangling friends.
"Monkeys whimper in the dark mountains, and the river rushes in the dark." The first sentence is about monkeys crying in the mountains at sunset. The poet stood listening and felt that the ape's voice seemed to be full of sadness. The bright environment and gloomy mood were revealed from the beginning. The night flow of Cangjiang River has made the people who stayed on board feel uneasy. Coupled with the word "urgent", this restless feeling is almost to stir up. Seems uncontrollable, eager to find a home like a river.
Next, "there is wind in the leaves on both sides, and the moon is across my lonely sail." Language tends to be natural and gentle. But the wind is not a gentle breeze, but it makes the leaves sing. Its urgency should be like a river. It is still a comfort to have a moon, but it is Ye Guzhou, one of the Cangjiang River, who shines in the moonlight, and the poet's loneliness is even more touching. If we link the last two sentences with the first two sentences, we can further imagine that the wind accompanied by ape sounds acts on hearing, moonlight and rivers not only act on vision, but also have a feeling of being on a boat. This constitutes a profound and clear artistic conception, and a sense of loneliness and emotional anxiety are contained in it.
The reason why the poet felt this way when he stayed by the Tonglu River was because "I, a stranger in this inland area, missed my friends in Yangzhou." According to the poet, on the one hand, because this place is not his hometown, "although I believe in beauty, I don't believe in my scholar", so I feel lonely in a foreign land; On the other hand, I miss my old friends in Yangzhou. This homesickness for my friends is so strong in this particular environment that I can't help crying. He fantasized about taking his two lines of tears to the sea and to his old friends in Yangzhou, Haixi, next to the night stream of Cangjiang River.
If it's just for homesickness and friends, this sad feeling is not enough. After failing in the senior high school entrance examination in Chang 'an at the age of 40, the poet traveled to wuyue and made a long journey to relieve his depression. This roaming was masked by an embarrassing mood. But in the poem, the poet only vaguely describes "sorrow" as cherishing the sorrow of friends, without further revealing it. This can be regarded as the place where poets write poems. Meng Haoran's poems are originally "thinking when we meet" and are not used to suffering. However, it is good that this poem is written so lightly. On the one hand, for his old friend, as long as he reaches this point, his friend will understand. On the other hand, if you show the feeling of failure in seeking an official, it will bring a vulgar and even shabby atmosphere and destroy the Qingyuan impression given in the poem.
In addition to the emotional expression worthy of readers' attention, the poet's pen also has a light side. Only the words "worry" and "urgency" in the first two sentences "There are monkeys whimpering in the shadow mountains and rivers running in the dark night" give readers the feeling of management and tempering, and the rest have no such traces. Especially in the second half, it's more like blurting out and chatting with friends. But even in the early days of starting a business, it is not to pursue strong stimulation, but to make the latter develop more naturally and reduce the force of words. Because this poem, according to its title "From a berth in Tonglu to a friend in Yangzhou", is not well written, which may separate the upper and lower parts, with "lodging" in front and "sending" in the lower part, and it is easy to lose the natural transition and cohesion before and after. And if you ignore the back from the beginning and only rely on the back to make up for this connection, it will be particularly difficult. With the word "worry" in the first sentence, I made a copy for the following. In the second sentence, the word "urgency" is used to express the feeling of "being sad", which provides a basis for the idea of sending tears to Yangzhou. At the same time, from the environment to the fourth sentence, "And I sail alone on the moon" appeared. Since the environment faced by the visiting poets on this ship is so lonely and steep, it is natural to have the idea that "I, a stranger in this inland area, miss my family and my friends in Yangzhou". Therefore, it can be said that the lightness and lightness of the pen at the back of this poem is related to the slight exertion at the beginning. If there is no initial cost, you may lose mud and nature later.
The first four sentences of the whole poem describe a boat trip on a moonlit night: in the night, the ape sounds came from the river, and the leaves rustled down, which described the extremely desolate scenery, in sharp contrast with the author's sad mood. The last four sentences borrow the scenery to make love and miss friends, and the scene naturally blends. Sleeping alone in the boat on a moonlit night, I was depressed, and naturally I felt the feeling of having friends, so I cried. This poem describes the lonely feelings of Tonglu River's night scene, expressing affection for old friends, and highlighting the author's yearning for old friends and his resentment and loneliness after frustration by means of scene blending.
Extended reading: character evaluation
Li Bai's words to Meng Haoran: Beauty is unlucky, don't pay attention to the car, choose Songyun; Now whitehead. Gaoshan, how I long to reach you, that's all.
Twelve poems by Du Fu to relieve boredom: recalling Meng Haoran's Xiangyang, the poems of Qing Dynasty can be handed down from generation to generation.
Heroes of Jiangyue: Haoran's poems are rich in literary talent, dense in latitude and longitude, semi-elegant in tune and incisive in style.
Pi Rixiu: Mr. Wang's works are full of praise when he meets the scenery, which makes people dirty and restrained. If they lose, they will be lucky and unfortunate. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, Xiao Yan said that "the lotus leaves are exposed, and the willows are sparse in the middle of the month", while Mr. Xiao Yan said that "Wei Yun is a light river with sparse raindrops." Wang Rong's "Ji Sunsha Yu Ming, the wind is moving and the spring is turbid", while Mr. Wang has "Clouds and dreams in the valley, and Yueyang City has been besieged"; He Xun's poem is "dew wet cold pond grass, the moon reflects clear Huai Liu", while Mr. He's poem is "wind sends lotus fragrance, bamboo leaves drip dew". This is better than the ancients.
Pi Rixiu's Meng Ting Ji in Yunzhou: His lyrical works, such as Returning to Zhongnanshan at the end of the year, Pregnant on the Riverside in the Early Cold, Climbing the Wild Mountain with Friends, Looking at Lushan Mountain in Xunyang Evening Garden, Talking about Wanshan Mountain, etc., are often ethereal and have a nonchalant meaning, but their meanings are profound and endless.
Yan Yu's Differentiation of Cang Shi: It's just a wonderful understanding.
Su Shi: Zi Zhan's poetry is expensive, and the rhyme is high and short, such as making wine without material.
Wang Shiyuan's Preface to Meng Haoran's Collection: the bones are beautiful and clear, and the wind is scattered; Rescuing patients, resolving disputes, in order to establish righteousness; Irrigation of vegetables and bamboo is noble.
Fan Ze: Therefore, Meng Haoran of Chu Shi, whose style of writing is beautiful, has long since declined, with a late grave at home, a long decline in mountains and a generous journey. Former Qi Huangong wanted to build a bigger tomb, and he was afraid of the gentry in Hezhou. Now the army is forced to work outside, and it may take a long time for guests to work at home. If you really let good people take advantage, you will lose your ambition.
Cai Chuan: Meng Haoran's poems are composed of An He Zong Yuanming, and there is a strong relaxed atmosphere in dilution.
Wang Shi Lu once quoted Meng Haoran's poem "Xunyang Looking at Lushan Mountain at midnight" as a model: at this point, poetry is empty, politics is like an antelope, and there is no trace to be found. The painter called yipin.
Pan Deyu's poem "Raising Azhai": Xu Dong took photos early, and Puchin was already surprised. Lying in the mouth of the fish, the sound of radiation is dark, and the sunrise weather is divided. Only then did I know that the rivers and lakes were dizzy and the ship knew the wind. Hanging seats for the morning hair, in the lake. See the middle stream, and press Jiujiang Bear. On the first day of the incense burner, the waterfall sprayed Chen Hong, which was full of energy and overlooked everything. It is not enough to make a clear statement.
Wen Yiduo: Like many literati with hermit tendencies at that time, Meng Haoran initially lived in seclusion for a romantic ideal and a sacred tacit understanding with the ancients.