[Du Mu]
The bustling past is gone with the fragrance of dust; The water is ruthless, and weeds are green every year until spring.
The birds groaned, and night came with the sound of the east wind; Falling flowers are as beautiful as green beads falling from upstairs.
[Note] (1) Jinguyuan: The villa built by Shichong in Jingu in the Western Jin Dynasty is extremely luxurious. So the address is in the northeast of Luoyang City, Henan Province. Shi Chong's Preface to Golden Valley Poetry: "Yu is different from the valley of Henan (Luoyang). In the morning, the trees are lush and many fruits, bamboos and cypresses are prepared. " (2) Prosperity: Shi Chong's extravagant and prosperous life in Jinguyuan has dissipated. One by one: use. Incense dust: Incense dust. According to Wang Jia's Collection of Notes, "Shi Jilun crumbs are as fragrant as dust, spread on the bed, and those who love them will do it, and those who have no trace will give pearls." (3) Grass comes from spring: fragrant grass comes from spring. These two words mean that the prosperity of Jinguyuan has already dissipated with the incense dust. Gone forever, the present Jingu Garden has been transformed into a wasteland. (4) East wind: spring breeze. In this sentence, the spring breeze blows at dusk, and there are bursts of birds singing, which seems to contain infinite bitterness. (5) Falling people: refers to Shi Chong's beloved concubine Green Pearl. "Biography of Shi Chong in the Book of Jin" says: "I admire the prostitute Green Pearl, who is beautiful and gorgeous and good at playing the flute. Sun Xiu made people ask for it, but I was so angry that I couldn't get it. " Express anger, correct, and accept worship. Chongzheng gave a banquet upstairs. When the counselor arrived at six o'clock, Chongzheng called Lvzhu and said, "I have committed a crime for you now." Lvzhu cried,' The younger generation died before the official.' Jumped downstairs and died. "
[Brief Comment] This poem is a poem in which the poet was deeply moved when he saw the present garden when he passed through Jingu Garden, touching the scene and evoking the thoughts of mourning the past. The theme of this poem not only describes the impermanence of the world, criticizes Shi Chong's arrogance all his life, but also expresses the author's deep condolences and admiration for the death of the woman Lvzhu. From the words "things are scattered by people", "chasing incense to drive away dust", "ruthlessness" and "self-spring", we can see that things are human beings; From the crying bird and the falling flower, we can see the view of praising the green bead. The so-called "things break up", that is, even if Shi Chong is a world-class rich man, there will always be a long banquet, and the language involves sarcasm. The so-called "chasing incense dust" means that the past things have been solved, and they have all disappeared with the wind blowing away the fine chips of Daphne, and the derogatory meaning has appeared. "Ruthless" and "Since Spring" show the fair judgment of history with the indifference of natural objects, which is even more outrageous. Therefore, the criticism of Shi Chong constitutes half of the theme. The other half of the theme is the praise of green beads. The so-called "bird-hating" can be regarded as both mourning for Shi Chong's drowning and resentment for the strange woman Lvzhu's righteous act. And "Falling Flowers" can reveal the author's sympathy for the falling of green beads. Because flowers have always been a symbol of beautiful things, it is obvious that comparing green beads to "fallen flowers" obviously has feelings of regret and admiration. This poem mainly adopts the artistic technique of lyricism with scenery. There are seven scenes in the four poems: fragrant dust, running water, grass, sun, east wind, birds singing and falling flowers. Some are positive scenes, that is, the positive contrast between emotions and this scene. For example, the expulsion of "fragrant dust" indicates the disappearance of prosperity, and the falling of "fallen flowers" indicates the author's condolences to the people he respects in his mind. Some are reverse scenes, that is, the emotions are set off by the reverse side of this scene, such as flowing spring grass, east wind and bird singing. These were originally pleasant scenery, but the poet used them to set off sadness and resentment. All this shows that the poet is really a master of landscape writing. There were only two famous artists in the Tang Dynasty, one was Li Bai and the other was Wang Changling. Li is good at writing the scenery in the four wonders, while Wang is good at lyric. Looking at Du Mu's "Seven Wonders", he is a master in scenery writing and lyricism, and he is a master of a generation. In this poem, the poet changed his thoughts and feelings from historical changes to mourning for a noble woman, making the whole poem more poetic and eternal in nostalgia.