The theory of criminology put forward by james wilson and George L. Kelling. This theory holds that bad phenomena in the environment, if left unchecked, will induce people to imitate and even intensify.
Take a building with several broken windows as an example. If these windows are not repaired, there may be vandals destroying more windows. In the end, they will even break into the building. If they find that no one lives there, they may settle or set fire there. A wall, if there is some graffiti that is not cleaned up, will soon be covered with messy and unsightly things; There are some scraps of paper on a sidewalk, and soon there will be more rubbish. Eventually people will take it for granted and throw it on the ground. This phenomenon is the broken window effect in criminal psychology.
Like a ladder, it divides people's needs from low to high into five levels, namely, physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, respect needs and self-realization needs. Five kinds of demands are like a ladder, from low to high, climbing step by step, but the order is not completely fixed, it can be changed, and there are various exceptions.
The hierarchy of needs theory has two basic starting points. First, everyone has needs, and after a certain level of needs is met, another level of needs appears; Second, before a variety of needs are met, meet the urgent needs first; After this demand is met, the latter demand shows their incentive effect.
Murphy's Law is a psychological effect, which was put forward by eddie murphy.
Main contents:
First, nothing is as simple as it seems;
Second, everything will take longer than you expected;
Third, things that can go wrong will always go wrong;
If you are worried about something happening, it is more likely to happen.
The original words of Murphy's law are as follows: If there are two or more ways to do something, and one of them will lead to disaster, then someone will definitely make this choice.
Murphy's Law, also known as Murphy's Law and Murphy's Theorem, is a common slang in the western world.
The fundamental content of Murphy's law is that if things are likely to go bad, no matter how unlikely it is, it will always happen.
It is a representative example of non-zero-sum game in game theory, which shows that individual optimal choice is not group optimal choice. Although the dilemma itself is only a model, there are many examples of prisoner's dilemma in reality.
"Prisoner's Dilemma" is a theory of related dilemmas in 1950 drawn up by Merrill Flood and Melvin Deresjo of American RAND Corporation. Later, Albert Tucker, a consultant, expounded it in a prisoner's way and named it "Prisoner's Dilemma".
Two criminals were put in prison and could not communicate with each other. If two people don't expose each other, everyone will go to jail for a year because of uncertain evidence; If one person exposes and one person is silent, the whistleblower will be released immediately because of meritorious service, and the silent person will be imprisoned for ten years because of non-cooperation; If they expose each other, both of them will be sentenced to eight years in prison because the evidence is conclusive. Because prisoners can't trust each other, they tend to expose each other rather than keep silent together. Finally, Nash equilibrium only falls on the non-cooperative point.