The porcelain tires in Shunzhi were hard and fine, with blue, white and thick glazed surfaces, and some of them had dusty black spots. The carcass of the erector is thick, the bottom foot is flat with fine sand, and some have fine rotary cutting marks, and the foot of the erector is inclined inward; The carcass of the round vessel is light and smooth, and the bottom foot is rounded into a loach back, which is relatively profound and almost has no bottom collapse; Some large markets are double-circle feet or wide-circle feet. Generally, utensils have a sauce mouth, and no matter whether it is a round vessel or a vertical vessel, the bottom foot is exposed with a high unglazed edge.
during the Shunzhi period, the decorative patterns were generally rough and covered with artifacts. There are several kinds of decorative patterns unique to Shunzhi, such as the very rough Yunlong, which is usually found on stoves and cans. The dragon is thick and powerful, showing only a few sections such as head, body and tail, and the rest is blocked by patchy clouds, like a fierce dragon leaping out of the thick black rolling clouds, and its body is flickering. At this time, there will also be the outline of Chongzhen dynasty, and the "bracket" cloud formed by painting blue flowers and leaving white space is common in the flower beds, plantains, unicorns, etc. The story of characters painted on plates and bowls, most of whom live in the courtyard or indoors, has a certain plot. These decorative patterns are generally full and rough, and blue and white have no layers. In addition to these unique decorative patterns of this dynasty, the common decorative patterns include the strange stone of Yulan, the peony bound with branches, the pheasant peony, the four seasons flower, camellia, the boy riding a unicorn, the Eight Immortals, the bag monk, the cloud crane and Bo Gu.
During the Shunzhi dynasty, there were very few porcelains with official kiln styles, including "Qing Shunzhi Year System" with two circles and six characters, and "Shunzhi Year System" with four characters and two lines, with neat fonts. There are many donations for private kiln suppliers, but there are no donations for general household appliances, and some of them are "Yutang Jiaqi".
identification of porcelain in Shunzhi period:
1. Shunzhi porcelain is in the transitional stage of late Ming and early Qing dynasty, with thick and delicate carcass, white and firm appearance.
2. The glaze is mostly egg blue with insufficient light, and some cutters have thick glaze, which often blurs the light blue and white, and keeps the characteristics of applying yellow glaze to the mouth of the cutters in the Ming Dynasty.
3. Blue and white colors can be roughly divided into four kinds, among which turquoise is similar to Kangxi blue and white, and there are more and more colorful devices without blue and white.
4. The patterns and decorations are novel in content. Popular decorative patterns include cave stone flowers, unicorn, plantain, character stories, and sentences in paintings.
5. The organ foot evolved into a rounded loach back shape with spiral lines at the bottom. At this time, the double-circle foot with wide circle foot appeared in the late Ming Dynasty.
6. The style is divided into official kiln style and official branch style, including regular script, official script and seal script.
The characteristics of the Shunzhi Blue and White Porcelain Department's annual model:
The Shunzhi blue and white porcelain handed down from generation to generation is mostly found in folk kilns, among which, in China, there are many offerings before the Buddha in temples, such as water purification bowls, bottles and incense burners, and there are also a few pen containers, plates and bowls. In foreign countries, it is a traditional type of exported daily-use porcelain. The export porcelain still follows the so-called "painting poetry" theme of landscape poems in the late Ming Dynasty. At that time, it was very popular for blue-and-white porcelain to inscribe the calendar year. The earliest Shunzhi year was the blue-and-white figure jar of the Department of Shunzhi Bingxu Year (that is, the third year of Shunzhi, 1646). The Palace Museum in Beijing has blue and white wares dating back to the 5th (1648), 11th (1654), 12th (1655), 15th (1658) and 16th (1659) years of Shunzhi. Shanghai Museum also has blue and white wares of Shunzhi's 1th, 14th and 17th years. Poems on blue and white porcelain before the 14th year of Shunzhi (1657); It is often written in official script, which is a noteworthy feature.
Appreciation of Shunzhi porcelain:
Shunzhi blue-and-white figure plate
The height is 5.1 cm, the caliber is 21 cm and the foot diameter is 8.5 cm. The plate is open, the mouth is glazed with sauce, the arc wall is slightly higher, and the blue and white inside the foot is written with the words "Jade Hall is beautiful". The white glaze is blue, the blue and white are gray, and the outer wall is bare. There are three monks sitting on the floor on the plate, and a long plan is drawn behind the two old monks. On the case, an incense burner is burning. One of the old monks is topless and shows his breasts, holding a string of beads in his hand, and the young monk is holding a scroll, surrounded by distant mountains, caves, flowers and pine trees, and drawing cirrus clouds in the air. The composition of this disc is unique, and the characters are vivid.
Shunzhi blue-and-white lotus dish
5 cm high, 21.3 cm in diameter and 8.2 cm in foot diameter. Open the plate and apply sauce glaze to the mouth. The arc wall has a deep circle, with a heavy flint red on the edge of the foot, and the four-character regular script of "Jade Hall and Fine Ware" is written in blue and white in the foot. The font is powerful and neat. The light on the outer wall has no grain, and the blue and white strings are lined in the inner wall for two weeks. The hole stone lotus pattern is painted in the inner center, and the word "violet pillar" is written in regular script in the lower right corner of the pattern. The lotus flower is painted with meticulous brushwork, with vivid image and reasonable picture arrangement, which can be regarded as a fine product of blue and white in folk kiln.
autumn leaf pattern plate of Shunzhi blue-and-white cave stone
The height is 4.5cm, the caliber is 2.9cm and the foot diameter is 8.6cm.. The plate is open, and the edge of the mouth is glazed with sauce for a week. The arc wall is full, and the blue and white inside the foot is written with the words "Jade Hall and beautiful utensils". There is no grain on the outer wall. One side of the blue-and-white plate is painted with cave stones, and the other side is painted with autumn leaves. In the leaves, it is written, "Don't make a storm in the world, since there is no ice charcoal in the chest."
autumn leaf pattern plate of Shunzhi blue-and-white cave stone
The height is 4.6 cm, the caliber is 21.4 cm and the foot diameter is 8.9 cm. The plate is open, the mouth is glazed with sauce, the arc wall is deep, and the foot is written with the words "Jade Hall and Fine Ware". One side of the blue-and-white plate is painted with cave stone, and the other side is painted with autumn leaves, in which are written two poems "I shall think of you in a floating cloud, so in the sunset think of me". Poems inscribed in Shunzhi's blue-and-white leaves were common at that time, such as: "Red leaves send letters to thin lovers", "Birds crow and wake up from dreams, and tea is ripe, so old friends come", "I cherish flowers and get up early in spring, and I love sleeping late on a moonlit night".
Five-year blue-and-white cave stone flower bowl in Shunzhi
The height is 5.5cm, the caliber is 16.8cm and the foot diameter is 6.6cm.. The bowl is open, and a week of sauce glaze is applied on the edge of the mouth, and the wall is full, and there is no white glaze in the foot. The outer wall is plain, the white glaze is blue, the inner heart is painted with blue and white flowers, and the characters "Wuzi Spring, Moon and Hundred Flowers" are written next to the cave stone (in 1648). This kind of casual cave stone flower was popular in the folk kiln at that time.
Blue-and-white stone plate in the fifth year of Shunzhi
The height is 3.2, the caliber is 11.8, and the foot diameter is 5.4 cm. The plate is open, and the mouth is glazed for a week, and the foot is full, and there is no white glaze in the foot. There is no grain on the outer wall, the center of the dish is painted with blue and white rocks and flowers, and the words "Wuzi Spring Moon Zi Xin Xuan Shu" are written in the blank on the right (1648).
Shunzhi blue and white flower unified bottle
The height is 2cm, the caliber is 5cm, and the bottom diameter is 6.3cm.. The bottle is open, short neck, tubular abdomen, concave sand bottom and unglazed. The whole body is decorated with blue and white flowers, which are grayish in the blue and white, with a banana leaf pattern painted along the bottom, and a plan painted on one side of the abdomen. On the case, a pen container, a brush and a vase are placed respectively, a bunch of magnolia flowers are inserted in the vase, and a fish tank, a vase, a lotus flower and a rockery are painted on the other side. This kind of composition is very similar to that of the late Ming Dynasty, and the painting method is still a late legacy. Most of them are folk kiln products.
In the 11th year of Shunzhi, the blue-and-white water purification bowl with Yunlong pattern
The bowl is 14.5cm in height, 18.5cm in caliber and 7.1cm in bottom diameter; The seat is 2.9 cm high, 9.2 cm in diameter and 13 cm in bottom diameter. This device consists of an upper part and a lower part. The upper water purification bowl is open, the mouth edge is glazed with sauce, the round belly is closed down, the flat bottom is slightly higher, and the bottom is exposed without glaze; The bowl seat has a short neck, a shoulder, a slight outward curl near the bottom, and a flat bottom with no glaze and bare tires. A pair of flying dragons are painted on the abdomen, with the memorial tablet of "Long live the emperor, long live the emperor" in regular script between the dragon heads, and on the other side, the words "Disciple, Jiang Wenyu's offering, Mid-Autumn Jidan in Jiawu (in the 11th year of Shunzhi, AD 1654)" are written in regular script. The neck of the research seat is painted with four groups of broken branches, the outer wall is painted with a cross-shaped cloud, and the bottom is painted with river buds, seawater and rocks. Water purification bowls with seats are common in blue-and-white porcelain wares in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, most of which are temple donors. The base of this device is higher than that of the Ming Dynasty, and it has a clear date, which is extremely precious.
Shunzhi blue-and-white hibiscus poem pen holder
The height is 14.8cm, the caliber is 8cm, and the bottom diameter is 7.8cm.. The mouth of the pen holder is glazed with sauce, and the belly of the pen holder is concave with no glaze at the bottom of the sand. The white glaze is blue, the blue and white are bright, and the belly is painted with hibiscus flowers and cave stones. There are two poems written between the two groups of patterns: "Ye Gui Cang Furong condenses, only a thousand peaks wander in the dusk" and "Petting with light green and wearing thick condensation, faint red and light red." This instrument has poems and paintings, and there are poems in the paintings, which are both rich in poems and paintings, and the decoration is particularly elegant.
The blue-and-white elephant pattern jar in the 16th year of Shunzhi
The height is 15.5cm, the caliber is 6.5cm and the foot diameter is 7.6cm.. The can has a straight mouth, a short neck, a smooth shoulder, a slight outward tilt near the bottom, and no exposed tires on the flat bottom. Decorated with blue and white, blue and white are gray. Two groups of bamboo leaves and flowers are painted on the neck, while horses are painted on the abdomen, elephants and cave flowers are painted on the other side, surrounded by bamboo and railings, and the space is written with Meng Xia Yue □ Taiwan County Zhang Zao (16th year of Shunzhi, AD 1659). Draw a deformed banana leaf pattern near the bottom. At that time, it was rare to decorate blue-and-white porcelain with elephants, which were gentle, submissive, serene and dignified, and were traditional mascots in China, expressing people's wishes for peace and prosperity.
Shunzhi blue-and-white flower-and-bird pen holder
The height is 22.8 cm, the caliber is 21.5 cm and the bottom diameter is 15.5 cm. The pen holder is open-mouthed, deep-bellied, and flat-bottomed, with flint red at the bottom and blue white glaze. The decoration is divided into three parts. On the upper side, a hole orchid is painted, and the orchid is in full bloom with a blank edge. A small sparrow falls on the flower, and on the other side, a bamboo is painted. There are two birds flying in the air and the sun is painted in the distance. Eight groups of flowers are painted around the middle bulge; Draw a banana leaf pattern on the lower part for a week. The carcass of this device is thick, the pattern layout is cheerful and beautiful, the decoration is elegant, the blue and white hair color is gorgeous, and there are gradation changes in depth and shade.
Shunzhi Blue and White Sanqiu Fish Tank
The height is 16.7 cm, the caliber is 19.6 cm, and the foot diameter is 9.6 cm. The cylinder tire is thick, with a lip, a deep belly and a full circle. There is a blue and white "Qing Shunzhi Year System" in the foot. The feet are smooth and delicate. Decorated with blue and white, the blue and white are grayish, and the abdomen is painted with four groups of patterns, one is painted with double peony flowers, the other with chrysanthemum flowers, the other with banana leaves and the other with hibiscus flowers. The decorative pattern layout is simple and elegant, fresh and pleasing to the eye, and it is written with the official style of the dynasty. The font is powerful and precious.
Shunzhi Blue and White Kirin Market
The height is 8.4cm, the caliber is 35.4cm, and the foot diameter is 18.5cm.. The plate is open, the mouth is glazed with sauce and the arc wall is applied. The circle foot, the blue and white double circle in the foot "Yutang Jiaqi" four-character seal script. The whole body is blue with white glaze, the carcass is heavy, and the outer wall is bare. A huge unicorn is painted on the plate, with banana leaves behind it, and caves and flowers are painted around it. The legendary benevolent beast of Kirin is one of the so-called "four spirits". Although its image is fierce, people regard Kirin as the mascot of China. It is widely used in Shunzhi blue-and-white porcelain, and is often painted together with banana leaves.
The blue-and-white figure market in the fifteenth year of Shunzhi
is 7.2 cm high, 34.2 cm in caliber and 15.8 cm in foot diameter. The disc is huge and the carcass is heavy. Open mouth, sauce glaze applied along the mouth, arc wall, full circle, blue and white double circle "Jade Hall Jiaqi" four-character seal script. The white glaze is shining blue, the blue-and-white plate is painted with an official map, and the courtyard is painted with officials, attendants, guards and policemen. The four figures have different images, surrounded by pavilions, caves, railings, banana leaves, flowers and plants, cirrus clouds and distant mountains. In the blank space of the plate, the words "Winter Moon in the Hundred Days of 1898" (1658 AD) are written as gifts.
The birthday tray of Shunzhi Blue and White Eight Immortals
is 8.4cm high, 35.5cm in diameter and 17.5cm in foot diameter. The plate is open, the mouth is glazed with sauce, the arc wall is full, the foot wall is wide and narrow, and the blue-and-white double-circle seal script in the foot is "Yutang Jiaqi". Double circles are big and small. Blue and white flowers are gorgeous and dizzy. In the dish, eight immortals are painted to celebrate their birthdays. On the mountain, an old birthday star lights a censer in front of him. Behind him lies a small deer. At the foot of the mountain, eight immortals are painted. Some immortals hold Shouguang, some take Ganoderma lucidum, some play flutes, and some hold up gourds and other treasures. The characters have different postures, and the space is lined with rocks, flowing clouds, flowers and plants, and pine patterns. The Eight Immortals' Birthday appeared in a large number of blue-and-white porcelain wares in Ming and Qing Dynasties, with different painting methods. This dish has distinct characteristics of the times in both hair color and painting methods.
The dish of blue and white leading immortals in the 12th year of Shunzhi
is 5.1cm high, 2.9cm in caliber and 9.4cm in foot diameter. The plate is open, the mouth is glazed with sauce, the arc wall is high, and the circle foot is blue and white, and the four-character seal script is made in B. In the year before B, that is, the twelfth year of Shunzhi, in 1655 AD. Eight immortals were painted on the plate to celebrate their birthdays, and eight immortals on the hillside looked up respectfully to welcome the birthday boy. There are four seven-party birthday poems in the blank book, "Rooted in the Moon Kiln, the platform is beautiful, the green, the red and the red are blooming, and the pan-public is 3, years old, and I am happy to return to Xianyou." The outer wall of the blue-white glaze is engraved with broken branches and flowers. This dish is written with dry money, which is a typical object of blue and white porcelain in the early Qing Dynasty.
Shunzhi Blue and White Three Friends Unified Bottle
The height is 39.8cm, the caliber is 11.4cm and the bottom diameter is 12.8cm.. Respect for open mouth, short neck, tubular abdomen, flat-bottomed bare tire without glaze. The white glaze is blue, and the blue and white are gorgeous, which especially aggravates the artistic effect of performance rendering. The neck is painted with chrysanthemum, bamboo, bluegrass pattern, and the abdomen theme pattern is painted with three friends of pine, bamboo and plum. There are several birds flying in the air. Pine, bamboo and plum are common decorative themes of blue and white flowers in Ming and Qing Dynasties, with different forms of expression. The pattern of pine, bamboo and plum of this statue has distinct characteristics of the times, and it is free and chic without modification. This painting method is very popular in blue and white flowers in folk kilns.
in the fifteenth year of Shunzhi, the blue-and-white brocade flower pattern
is 27.2 cm high, 9.7 cm in caliber and 7 cm in base diameter. The mouth of the bottle is skimmed, and the mouth is glazed with sauce. The abdomen is slender, the feet are slightly skimmed, and the flat bottom is unglazed. The white glaze is blue, the bottle is painted with a four-claw dragon tumbling in the cloud fire, and the dragon seems to be hidden in the cloud. In the margin under the neck, there are 47 characters in regular script: "Li Ren Du Wu Tu Xin Shi and Cheng Zhongqi in Xixiang, Fuliang County, Raozhou Prefecture, Jiangxi Province, who are happy to help Zhongyi Fu Feng, Jiuhua Mountain, King Kong Cave, and worship in front of the Buddha, on May 13th, the 15th year of Shunzhi (AD 1658)". The picture pays attention to the imposing manner, the pen is extensive and vivid, and the dragon turns sideways in the cloud, showing three appearances. This painting method was particularly popular at that time.
Shunzhi blue-and-white Hua Niaowen flower bed
The height is 45.4cm, the caliber is 19.5cm and the base diameter is 15.4cm.. The opening of the chest is slightly curled, and the mouth is glazed with sauce. The belly is cylindrical and bulged for one week, slightly curled out near the bottom, and the flat bottom is unglazed. The white glaze is bluish, the blue and white are gorgeous, and there are changes in shades. The outer wall decoration * * * has three layers of theme patterns on the upper layer, and there are two kingfishers flying in the air. The middle layer is painted with cave stone, pomegranate and flower patterns, and the lower layer is painted with banana leaf patterns for a week. This kind of flower pattern was very popular in Shunzhi dynasty, and it was burned a lot. The carcass was very thick, the decoration was simple and not complicated, so this device had distinct characteristics of the times.
Shunzhi blue-and-white lotus flower pattern
The height is 37.8 cm, the caliber is 17.8 cm and the base diameter is 13.5 cm. The opening of the belt is slightly skimmed, and the edge of the belt is glazed with sauce. The drum-shaped abdomen is raised for one week, and the sand bottom is unglazed. It is a typical pattern of flower beds in the early Qing Dynasty. Blue-and-white is grayish, and the outer wall decoration has three layers. The upper layer is painted with lotus, water grass and cave stone Hua Niaowen, and the abdomen is painted with cave stone. The lower part is painted with banana leaf pattern for a week. The picture decoration level is clear and the layout is harmonious. The lotus flower is depicted very carefully by realistic means, which is highly decorative.
Shunzhi blue-and-white landscape garlic bottle with banana leaf pattern
The height is 38 cm, the caliber is 5.5 cm and the foot diameter is 12.5 cm. Bottle garlic mouth, slender neck, round belly, full circle, no white glaze in the foot. The whole body is decorated with blue and white, which is soft and elegant and slightly dizzy. The mouth is painted with deformed lotus petals and wishful heads, three groups of deformed flowers are painted under the mouth, banana leaves are painted on the neck, and grass is painted around the neck. The theme pattern on the abdomen is painted with pavilions of mountains and rivers, a boat is painted in the river, and there are two people fishing on the boat seat. The artistic conception of the picture is remote, the composition is beautiful, and the pen is like a line drawing, which embodies the painting skills of craftsmen at that time and has a high artistic level. From the perspective of painting style, it is the late product of Shunzhi blue and white.
the garlic bottle of Shunzhi blue-and-white figure
is 38 centimetres high.