2. From Qu Yuan's Ode to Orange in the Warring States Period.
3. Original text (excerpt)
After the emperor, the trees are beautiful and the oranges are attractive.
I was ordered not to move. I was born in the south.
Deep-rooted and difficult to migrate, more determined.
The green leaves are brilliant and gratifying.
4. Translation
The citrus you bred was born to adapt to this soil and water. Thanks to the mission of never migrating again, I was born in Nanchu forever.
You are deeply rooted, difficult to migrate, and so determined. Ye Er's green flowers are pure, and its posture is colorful and gratifying.
Background of extended data creation
As early as before the Han Dynasty, Jiangling of Chu was famous for producing oranges. However, citrus has a strange habit: only when it grows in the south can it produce sweet fruit, and if it moves to the north, it can only get bitter and astringent oranges.
In the view of Qu Yuan, who loves his homeland, this character is linked with his unswerving patriotism. Therefore, during his exile and idleness in Du Ying, he took oranges in the south as an example to fight for festivals and wrote this famous poem "Ode to Oranges" with deep affection.
Nine Chapters is a collection of short lyric poems, including nine works. According to Wang Yi's Songs of the South, the order is: chanting, shejiang, mourning, painting thinking, thinking, thinking, Yuan, Ode to an Orange and Returning from Sorrow. The author of these nine articles was designated as Qu Yuan.
In Song Dynasty, Hong Xingzu suspected that four works, such as Journey to the West, Nostalgia for the Past, Ode to Oranges and Return to the Empty, were not written by Qu Yuan. In the Ming Dynasty, Xu also wrote two articles, Nostalgia and Regret for the Past, which were not the voice of Qu Yuan, but were written by Yi Shi, Jing Cha and others (to distinguish the poetic style).
In Qing Dynasty, Gu Chengtian believed that Xi Yong and Xi Jiu Tian were written by Hejian people and people (reading Sao Bie). Moreover, neighbors also said that Ai was written for Zhuang Xin (Qian Mu's Pre-Qin philosophers). But all these questions are mostly based on literary style, and there is no conclusive evidence.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Orange Ode
Baidu encyclopedia-nine chapters