In the senior high school entrance examination papers, the scores of questions involving poetry are very high. There are 9 poems (1 ancient prose recitation) and 6 poems appreciation questions in the general 10 recitation, with a total score of 15. Such a big score cannot be ignored. In order to help students improve the scores of poems in the senior high school entrance examination, I will share the problem-solving skills of poems in the senior high school entrance examination. Welcome to read!
First of all, from the part of speech,
Generally speaking, the most important place in poetry often falls on three words: verbs, adjectives and adverbs. According to the grammatical features of these three types of words, verbs mainly describe the dynamic changes of objects and emphasize the process and changes. Adjectives mainly describe the nature and state of objects. Compared with verbs, adjectives mainly focus on the static state of the object. Adverbs mainly indicate the degree range of describing objects.
For example, 1, commonly used by the ancients when commenting on poetry? Poetic eye? So-called? Poetic eye? It often refers to the most concise and vivid words in a poem. What do you think of the last two sentences of this poem? Poetic eye? What are the words respectively? Why? Please enjoy the whole poem briefly.
Through the temple of Ji Xiang.
Wang Wei
I don't know where Ji Xiang Temple is, so I climbed several miles into the clouds and peaks.
Ancient trees are towering, but there are no pedestrian paths, and there are bells in the mountains in the temple.
The spring water in the mountains hits the dangerous rocks, and the sun in the pine forest is cold.
In the evening, come to the empty pool and meditate quietly to suppress the dragon.
What is the word "works in five-character poems" in the Tang Dynasty? Poetic eye? Shen Deqian said in Tang Poems: Swallow? With what? Cold? See the beauty of words. ?
What is the poetic eye in these two sentences? Swallow it? Cold? Two words? Swallow it? Words are verbs. Cold? Words are adjectives. Swallow it? It focuses on the dynamic aspect, describing the flowing spring water in the mountains, which emits a low voice because of the barrier of dangerous stones, like the voice of a human throat; ? Cold? From a static point of view, it is written that the color of the sun is sprinkled on pine trees, because the dark forest seems to be very cold; From the poem? Swallow it? Cold? The word "one static and one dynamic" vividly, concisely and vividly outlines the quiet silence in the forest outside Ji Xiang Temple.
Example 2, People with green water around? Are you online? Around? Text, some versions of the writing? Xiao? . Which word do you think is more appropriate? Why?
A butterfly in love with flowers
Su Shi
Flowers wither and red apricots are small. Swallows fly, green water people go around. There are few willows blowing on the branches, but there are many herbs in the sea.
Swing inside and outside the wall. The layman in the wall, the beauty in the wall laughs. Laughter dies in silence, but passion is mercilessly annoyed.
Analysis if you look at the expressive force of words, left and right? Is it a verb? Xiao? Generally speaking, verbs are more expressive, so we can be sure when analyzing them? Around? Use it better, and then analyze it from his specific description, for example, because it actually depicts the scene of green water surrounding people, which is vivid and dynamic.
What about the second sentence? Again? Easy to use. What's so good about it?
Quail day
Everyone in the room is in the sun? Give this as a gift.
Write [yuan]
Last year, I came home today, and this year I face the other side of the world.
There is nothing to worry about in spring, and the autumn frost on the temples is fine and gorgeous.
When the mountain meets the water, the water is bright and the forest is full of residual photos.
When to clean up the countryside, the children's group stayed up all night for tea.
Analysis? Again? Words are adverbs, mainly from the scope and degree of the object of description, combined with? Then go home. Do you know this place? Again? It implies that the author wandered the world in time more than once, and the lines between the lines are full of sadness and helplessness in the wandering world.
Second, from the description of the object.
The ancients wrote poems. Look at the mountains and the sea? The mountains and seas referred to here are concrete writing objects, that is, the concrete images described by the poet in his poems. We should not go further and further when analyzing the poet's refined words. Sometimes the answer lies in the poem of the writing object, and many candidates often ignore this simplest phenomenon.
Example 1, comment on the third part in combination with the whole poem? Wear? Count? The artistic effect of.
Xiting
Lin Jingxi
Clear autumn, many thoughts, go to Xiting at dusk.
At the beginning of the month, the trees are tall and white, and the breeze is half awake.
A man walked through the forest leaves and sat together to count fireflies.
Where is the fishing song? Lonely lights are far apart.
Analysis? Wear? Count? It was the poet himself who described the objects involved. Wear? It depicts the poet walking through the Woods alone. Count? Describe the poet's boredom and count fireflies alone, and comprehensively analyze the whole poem. Wear? Count? These two words vividly express the poet's loneliness, loneliness, depression and boredom.
What is the most concise and vivid word in the third sentence? Please analyze it briefly.
Nobuyuki Nobuyuki
Wang Wei
After the rain, the new clear sky is particularly open, and the vision is open without any fog and dust.
The gatehouse of the outer city is close to the ferry pier, and the trees at the edge of the village connect the stream and the estuary.
The silvery white river is shining in the fields, especially bright, and the green mountains stand behind the ridge.
There are no idle people in the thick moon, and family affairs are in the south.
What is analysis? Ming? And then what? Out? . ? Ming? Especially dazzling and bright, the object of description is that the river outside the field rises and shines under the sunlight; ? Out? It appears to describe that the mountains under the sunshine after rain are more beautiful, fresh and layered.
Third, start with the technique of expression.
There are many ways to express poetry, such as metaphor, personification, exaggeration, contrast, arousal, setting off, suppression, pun rendering, using allusions, expressing meaning with objects, expressing feelings with scenes, blending scenes and so on. If we can start with the techniques of expression, we should first point out which techniques of expression the author used, and then analyze the performance effect of using such techniques.
Example 1, a brief analysis of poetry? Belt? The beauty of words.
Yue Xiufeng's Two Poems Looking at Xanthium sibiricum at Night (I)
Tan zhaojing
The mountains and rivers in Jiang Shangqing are red, and the far sails are returned piece by piece.
The old crane flew south and took the bell to the sea building.
Analysis? Belt? Use anthropomorphic technology to give? Old crane? People's action is not that the bell is broadcast far away, but that the old crane brings the bell to the sea floor, which makes the picture dynamic.
What is the theme of this poem?
Sanjiang xiaodu
Yang Wanli
The stream will stop the bridge in the west, and the boat will still be in the short pole.
Friendship should flow forever like a mountain stream, regardless of the hardships.
Analyzing this poem, it is said that friendship can not be changed and can withstand the wind and waves, and this emotion is expressed by metaphor. Friendship is like a mountain stream crossing? So it can be inferred that the eye of poetry is? Friendship? .
Ex. 3: None of this poem? Love? Words, and everywhere? Love? . Please find a word that best reflects the poet's feelings from three or four sentences, and briefly analyze how the poet created artistic conception in these two poems on the basis of the overall feelings of the whole poem.
Autumn night
bright red
The night is sleepless, the autumn wind is clear, and the candle flowers are frequently cut to night.
The bed is cold and full of phoenix trees, and the moon is bright where phoenix trees are missing.
Analysis? Is it cool? Write with puns. On the surface, it is about the cold weather, but on the deep level, it is about the loneliness (or cold heart) of the mood. From the observation point of view, the moon on the bed writes the moon in the sky, and the transition (thimble) is clever; Sorrow, cold bed, moonlight shadow and phoenix tree all create the artistic conception of loneliness (leaving sorrow and not complaining).
Fourth, from the expression effect.
Performance effect is mainly the effect that the author wants to achieve through some form of expression. As far as poetry is concerned, it is mainly the effect achieved by the author through the description of an image. This effect can be summarized as vivid, implicit, concise, vivid, simple and natural, rich in color, beautiful in rhetoric, strong in rhythm and harmonious in rhythm. As far as style is concerned, it can be summarized as desolation and tragic, heroic, fresh and plain, gloomy and lingering, absolute beauty and so on.
Example 1, please enjoy the whole poem? Loud? Clever use of this word.
Dongpo
Su Shi
The rain washed Dongpo, the moonlight was clear, and the city people walked like savages.
Don't be too sure about the slope, but love the sound of your stick.
Analysis? Loud? The word vividly describes the' loud and powerful sound' made by the collision between the walking stick and the stone, which is in sharp contrast with the tranquility of Dongpo under the moon; Combined with the above explanation of the bumpy road, readers can appreciate the author's persistence in faith and optimistic and open-minded feelings.
Example 2, the second couplet of the poem? A wave? And then what? Where's Wan? What did they show respectively?
Listen to the Shu monk play the piano.
Lipper
The sea embraces the land-melodious songs come from the distant Emei Mountain.
When I hear the sound of Matsutani, I wave my hand at will.
I heard him in the clear stream, I heard him in the cold bell.
Unconsciously, dusk enveloped the castle peak, and the autumn clouds were bleak, covering the dusk sky.
Analysis? A wave? Is it about the posture (movements, skills) of Shu monks playing the piano? Where's Wan? , wrote the music effect of piano sound, showing superb playing skills.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) starts from structure and function.
The structural function of poetry is mainly manifested in the function of linking words and phrases. The starting point is to guide the full text, which generally has the functions of rendering atmosphere, paving the way, prompting the following, setting suspense and so on. Inheritance is over-undertaking, which generally has the function of connecting the preceding with the following; Turning is turning, usually from one content to another, which is usually the focus of poetry; Combination is generalization, which usually has the function of summarizing the whole poem, pointing out the theme and making the finishing point.
Example 1, how is this poem based? Go home at night? Responsible for the whole article? A brief appreciation of the whole poem
Gui Ye
careful
In the middle of the night, guests go home according to the line, and cold phosphorus gathers soil according to fireflies.
The village shop is muddy and slippery, and the bamboo window leaks clothes lights.
Analyze this poem and write about the scenery. At night? Words, write love buttons? Return? Words. Why not point out the first sentence in the middle of the night? , describe? Repeat customers? Fatigue of walking with crutches. Subsequently, the poet took? Cold phosphorus? Fireflies? Month? Images like this render the desolation of the night and show the desire to go home when it is difficult to walk alone on the ridge and mud road at night. And the last sentence is still late at night? Dressing lamp? The touching picture wraps the whole poem, which contrasts with the previous difficulties and sadness, and sets off the complicated mood of going home late at night, which is meaningful.
Six, starting with cultural knowledge
Ancient poetry itself is a form of cultural expression with high cultural taste. Poets often skillfully project a lot of cultural knowledge into their poems in the process of writing. If we attach importance to the accumulation of cultural knowledge in our usual study and combine poetry to understand it at the critical moment of the exam, we can make ends meet.
When commenting on this poem, predecessors once said? Fold willow? The word "two" is the key to the whole poem. In poetry? Fold willow? What is the moral of? Do you agree? Keys? Say? Why?
On a spring night, I smell the flute in Los Angeles.
Lipper
Yu Di's dark flying sound scattered into the spring breeze in Los Angeles.
Who can't get homesick when they hear that there is another village in the serenade?
Analyze this topic to examine poetry? Keys? Location (i.e.? Poetic eye? The understanding of) is actually an examination of refined words. If you are right at ordinary times? Fold willow? Knowing these cultural knowledge, it should not be difficult to answer this question. Actually, what's in middle school textbooks? Liu? There are many poems about this image, such as The Book of Songs? I went by myself yesterday, Liu Yiyi? Wang Wei's? Is the guest house green and willow new? , Liu Yong? Yang Liuan, Xiao Feng and the waning moon? Wait a minute. According to the analysis of traditional culture, Liu? Homophonic? Stay? I hope to stay, but don't leave. Therefore, if candidates can start with the cultural knowledge accumulated at ordinary times, it will be much easier to answer questions.
Example 2: Have you written both farewell poems? Water? What do they mean? Please briefly explain.
Danyang sent Wei to join the army.
Wei Yan
On the outer edge of Danjiangkou, I won't go out to sea today, but I know the sadness of the two places.
I'm still standing on the south side of the Yangtze River, looking at Jiangbei. The crows have returned to their nests to see the flowing water.
Farewell in late spring
Han Cong
Flowers fly, leaves flourish, friends leave the capital, the twilight pavilion in the clouds and the prosperity of the empire, and the ancient and modern love is all in it.
People who travel far must listen to the flowing water in the palace, and the sound of time is also heard.
Analyze this poem to examine the grasp of the concrete poetic image of water. Water is also a common and relatively fixed cultural phenomenon in ancient poetry. Usually used to express feelings, such as parting sadness. Like a river flowing eastward? ,? But since the water is still flowing, even though we cut it with a sword? Wait; There are also water to express the passage of time, such as? Zi Zaichuan said: The deceased is like a husband? . What's the use of the last poem in this poem? Shuichang? Symbolizing the sadness of parting and the long friendship, is the last song borrowed? Miyagi? Constantly express feelings about life, history and society.
Seven, from the literary common sense.
The literary common sense mentioned here is mainly the knowledge of poetry genre, which is embodied in the basic knowledge of poetry such as leveling, antithesis, rhyme and rhythm. Sometimes we can get twice the result with half the effort by starting from these most basic and easily overlooked places.
Example 1, the second couplet of this poem? Lost on both sides of the beach? , some versions? Until the bank widens at low tide? what do you think? Lost? With what? Broad? Which word is better and why?
A berth at the foot of Gubei Mountain.
Wangwan
Under the blue mountain, my boat and I meandered along the green water.
Until the river bank widens at low tide, and no wind blows my lonely sail.
... night gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness.
I can finally send my messenger, the wild goose, back to Luoyang.
Analysis has its own advantages, if? Broad? If the word is better, it can be analyzed from the level of poetry, because? Broad? Xu, what is this word? Hanging? Words are flat and even, and poetry should pay attention to flat and even, so that it can be read with beautiful rhythm and loud tone; In addition, because it directly expresses the feeling that the spring tide makes the river boundless, it has a strong feeling of very broad vision.
Eight, imagination from Lenovo.
Associative imagination is the foundation of literature, just as Liu Xie wrote in Wen Xin Diao Long? Looking at the present and the past in an instant, caressing the four seas as one side? ; Mr. Jin Kaicheng also said that poetry appreciation can never be separated from thinking about words. In the process of appreciation, association and imagination according to the content of the poem can effectively restore the scene of the poem and grasp the author's clever use of words.
Example 1. Is the word correct? The branches of red apricots are in spring? what's up Trouble? Do you think it is well written? Why?
lily magnolia
Song qi
Dongcheng gradually felt that the scenery was good, and it was wrinkled and welcoming people. Poplar smoke is lighter than Han Xiao, and the branches of red apricots are full of spring.
Long hate less pleasure, willing to love your daughter and laugh? Drink for you to persuade the sunset, and leave a photo among the flowers all night.
This is a famous Song Ci. Shang que writes about scenery, by? Scenery? (scenery, scenery) chief, from? Gradually feel? (the more you look, the better) unfold. The first two sentences are lyrical, which is caused by the great spring scenery. I lament that life is less enjoyable and more difficult. How can we be stingy with money and not enjoy it? At the end of the two sentences, we should raise a glass to persuade the sun to set and spend more time with the flowers. After reading this, we understand that poets praise spring scenery because they deeply feel that life is much more bitter, but? A new word, a glass of wine? When will the sunset come back? The same feeling. Does the author use one? Trouble? The words not only make people feel the warm bloom of apricot flowers, but even remind people of bees and butterflies dancing among the flowers, and spring birds singing together, vividly showing a scene full of spring and vitality.
Nine, from the meaning of the words themselves.
The meaning of words is the most basic meaning of words, which can be divided into basic meaning, figurative meaning and extended meaning. Generally speaking, when we analyze the wonderful use of concise words, we must first understand the basic meaning of words, and then analyze them based on the language environment.
Example 1, the last sentence of two poems, one use? Due? , a use? Are you still there? Which is better? Why? Please enjoy it briefly.
Chapter Three of Jiangning (Part Two)
Wang Anshi
At dusk, at the mouth of Fan Luo River, the shops didn't turn off the lights and close.
Sha Feng, who left the shore sideways, was half dead. This mooring should have been marked last year.
Zhou xiajian Xi
Song? Fang Shen Wei
At dusk in May, the outdoor shop closed without lights.
Dump the sand maple on the shore to death, and the boat still bears the mark of last year.
Analysis? Due? Much better. ? Due? Which means there should be. This existence is in line with the author's expectation. Rich words convey the poet's complex mood when he is trying to find the old shadow in loneliness, with hope and self-confidence, frustration and disappointment, and even more unwilling to find it, which can be described as a vivid pen; ? Are you still there? Is an objective existence, there is no suspense, it seems that it should be, so there is no? Due? That's great.
Ten, from the emotional start.
Poetry is a literary form that can directly express emotions. As the famous poet He Qifang said, there is no poetry without emotion. Some poets express their feelings directly, while others are implicit. However, no matter how they express it, the poems with the most information and gold content are often in those poetic eyes with emotion. Therefore, it is also an effective method to grasp the refined words of the author of Emotional Analysis.
Example 1,? Poetic eyes are tired of this world? Are you online? Tired? Good choice of words, please briefly explain the reasons.
[Huang Zhong] The moon is full.
Books in the mountains
Zhang Kejiu
The rise and fall of eternal dreams, poetic eyes tired of the world.
Kong Mu, Wu Gong, Chu Temple West Western jackdaw.
Several huts and thousands of books are invested in this ancient village.
What happened in the mountains? Pine flowers make wine and spring water makes tea.
Analysis? Tired? As the eye of this poem, the word "Zi" directly expresses the poet's suffering from the coldness of the world, and at the same time paves the way for later writers to retire from the mountain village and entertain themselves with poetry.
Example 2: Classical poetry pays special attention to refining words. Please analyze it briefly? Empty? The function of words in expression.
Bodhisattva is beautiful
Lipper
The flat forest is misty, and the cold mountain area is compassionate. When the color enters a tall building, someone upstairs is worried.
The jade steps stand empty, and the birds fly quickly. Where is the return trip? The long pavilion is shorter.
From upstream analysis? Sad? Worried? It can be seen from such words that the whole poem directly expresses the sadness and sorrow of the protagonist, so it is a? The word "empty" expresses the loneliness and melancholy of waiting for no results. Worried? Taste makes the theme more vivid.
Example 3, from the first sentence? Chat To the last sentence? Surprised? What kind of emotional changes are reflected? Please contact Quanshi Analysis.
Go upstairs and go home in spring (1)
Kou Zhun
High-rise buildings chat with each other, and a river is flat.
No one crosses the wild water, but the sun is crossed alone.
Decadence is full of haze, and the ancient temple talks about warblers.
The past is drifting away, and meditation is suddenly surprised.
Note: ① This poem was written around 980 AD. At the age of 19, the poet was a scholar and first appointed as a magistrate in Badong. (2) the old business, here refers to the rural family business. Qing Wei refers to Wei Shui.
The analysis of the poet's view of going upstairs is leisurely, but it reminds people of his hometown. When he wakes up from homesickness, he finds himself in a foreign land, which is not unexpected. The emotional changes before and after this highlight the author's homesickness.
The above is the exploration of Chinese character extraction based on the typical topics of college entrance examination in recent years. Don't analyze it in isolation when using it, but combine several aspects for comprehensive analysis to achieve the best effect.
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