Several white-haired footmen were sitting around talking about the emperor of the Tang Dynasty.
Is the last sentence, there is no next sentence.
Yuan Zhen's Palace in Tang Dynasty
Yuan Zhen's Palace is a poem that expresses the feeling of ups and downs. This short and pithy five-line poem, with profound artistic conception and poetic significance, tells the endless sorrow of ladies-in-waiting and places the poet's ups and downs with deep affection.
Judging from the content of the poem, the key to understanding this poem lies in the sentence "Debating Xuanzong's grand occasion" at the end. The previous sentence of the speaker has pointed out that it is a "white-headed maid-in-waiting". The time and place are in the desolate and cold ancient palace, and the red flowers are in full bloom, which is the season of warm spring in bloom. From Tianbao to Zhenyuan, after half a century or so, the ancient palace has long been eroded by wind and rain, and the girl who entered the palace in those days has endured dozens of spring and autumn in loneliness, and now she is white-haired. Their youth is ruined here, their sad tears flow here, and they sigh and hiss at the blooming red flowers. Through simple words, we clearly heard their painful heart sounds. Bai Juyi's "Shang Yang White-haired Man" wrote: "Shang Yang's beauty is black and his hair is new. Green guards the palace gate. As soon as the sun closes, it is spring. Xuanzong entered the primary election at the end of the year, aged 16 and 60. At the same time, more than 100 people were selected, which was deeply disabled in that year. " White poems directly reveal the bitterness of old ladies-in-waiting, while Yuan poems touch the sparse environment. By comparing with the images of the brushwork of Red Palace Flower and White-headed ladies-in-waiting, the tragic life and psychological activities of ladies-in-waiting are revealed. Compared with these two poems, one is concrete, the other is general, the other is good at stirring up feelings, and the other is winning with profound and meaningful realm.
Here, the white-haired maids in the faded old palace are also witnesses to the history of the Tang Xuanzong era. In the later period of Tang Xuanzong's succession, he favored Yang Guifei, indulged in debauchery all day, and entrusted all government affairs to Li and Yang who were sycophantic, which eventually led to the Anshi rebellion. After the chaos, Xuanzong was forced to abdicate, and the powerful Tang Dynasty never recovered and went downhill day by day. Bai Juyi once said with deep affection in Song of Eternal Sorrow: "The emperor's eyes can't get enough of her because of soft songs and slow dances and string and bamboo ensemble. Until the sound of drums came from Yuyang, it shook the earth and broke the tune of rainbow skirts and feathers. " The four poems vividly summarize the historical reasons of Xuanzong's lust for national subjugation and chaos, and their satire and exposure are very profound. Of course, Yuan Zhen's short poems can't be as elaborate as white poems, so we can only concentrate and typify this vigorous history by means of comparison and suggestion, which makes people think about it. Sparse ancient palaces, palace flowers that have died with the changes of years in loneliness, and girls who have become white-haired old people are deeply marked by the ups and downs of the times. White-haired ladies-in-waiting witnessed the world of Kaiyuan Tianbao, and they themselves were witnesses of history. "Debate Xuanzong's grand occasion" to control chaos. This is the main idea of the poem, and it is also the place that the poet thinks should be taken as a warning. However, it is expressed in a seemingly leisurely but deep style, which has little meaning and endless charm.
From the perspective of expression, the poet mainly used two kinds of expression when shaping the artistic conception. First, less is more. This poem has the characteristics of drawing inferences from others, with few words and many meanings. Four poems, the first sentence indicates the location, is an empty and cold ancient palace; The second sentence implies the environment and time, and the red flowers in the palace are in full bloom, which coincides with the spring season; Three sentences explain the characters, several white-headed maids, and with the last sentence, we can know that they are the old maids who survived when Xuanzong Tianbao entered the palace in the last year; The last sentence describes the action, and the ladies-in-waiting sit around to recall and talk about Tianbao's legacy. Twenty words, places, times, people and actions are all displayed, forming a very vivid picture. This picture has aroused readers' imagination: ladies-in-waiting are all beautiful and charming when they are young. These beautiful ladies-in-waiting are imprisoned in this cold ancient palace and are lonely and bored every day. Looking at the palace flowers, bloom flowers fall, year after year, the youth withers, the face is haggard, the hair is long, so it is ruined, and the past is unbearable. However, they were shut up in the cold palace, isolated from the world, and there was no other topic, so they could only look back on the legacy of Xuanzong in Tianbao era. This situation is absolutely pathetic. "Loneliness", "loneliness" and "sitting around" not only describe the scene at that time, but also reflect the poet's tendency. Sad life experience, sad feelings, ups and downs of emotions, 20 words describe a vivid picture, showing profound meaning.
Another way to express it is to write sad feelings in music scenes. In China's classical poems, the scenery sometimes reflects psychology from a negative angle. Using the contradiction between sad mood and its instantaneous beautiful atmosphere, sad feelings are written in a happy scene, but good artistic effects can be achieved. This poem also uses this technique. What the poem wants to express is a sad mood, but it deliberately depicts the red palace flower. Red flowers usually show lively scenes and set off happy emotions, but they play an important role in setting off here: the blooming red flowers set off sparse palaces and strengthen the sense of ups and downs that change with time; The red flowers in spring set off the white hair of ladies-in-waiting, showing the feelings of life that beauty is easy to get old; The beauty of safflower contrasts with the sad mood, which highlights the sad mood of the maid-in-waiting being confined. Red flowers have played a great role here. This is to use the contradiction between good scenery and bad mood to highlight the central idea, that is, Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said "writing sorrow with joy", which doubled his sorrow. Bai Juyi's "Shang Yang White Haired Man", "Gong Ying is worried about happiness, and Yan Liang is jealous in both places", which can also be said to be based on happiness. However, Bai Juyi's writing directly reveals the contradiction between music and sadness, while Yuan Zhen's Palace is a more subtle contrast with music and has more aftertaste.
The language of this quatrain is unremarkable, but it is very general, alert, moving and subtle, giving people an imaginary world. The sense of historical vicissitudes is self-evident, with profound implications and high self-evaluation. Wang Jian's Gong Ci, Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow, and Yuan Zhen's Lian Chang Gong Ci are all masterpieces of about 1000 words, which describe in detail the historical process of the rise and fall of the Tang Xuanzong era and lament the rise and fall. Summing up the lessons is extensive and profound. Yuan Zhen's short poems are only * * * 20 words, which can be selected as "Three Hundred Tang Poems". Compared with these novels, they can be said to be short and pithy.
This is a poem that expresses the feeling of ups and downs. The first sentence points out the location: the ancient palace; Two sentences suggest time: the season when red flowers are in full bloom; Introduce the characters in three sentences; White-headed palace maid; Four sentences describe this action: debating the grand occasion of Emperor Xuanzong. Constructed a complete and moving picture. At that time, she was charming, fell into the palace, and was lonely and resentful; Now that youth is gone, beauty is haggard; Sitting around bored, just talking about the past. This situation is so sad!
Yuan Zhen's Forbidden City can be seen together with Bai Juyi's Shang Yang White-haired Man. The ancient palaces here are Luo Yang Palace and Shang Yang Palace, and the white-haired maids are "Shang Yang white-haired people". According to Bai Juyi's "Shang Yang White Haired Man", these ladies-in-waiting Tianbao were "secretly assigned" to Shang Yang Palace at the end of the year and kept in this cold palace for more than 40 years, becoming white-haired girls. This short and pithy five-line poem is full of profound artistic conception and meaningful poetry, which pours out the endless sadness of ladies-in-waiting and entrusts the poet with a deep sense of ups and downs.
Poets mainly use two methods of expression in shaping artistic conception. First, less is more. China's classical poems pay attention to being free from vulgarity, and there are fewer descriptions of scenery, romance and narration. This poem is authentic.
It has the characteristics of giving inferences by analogy, few words and polysemy. Four poems, the first sentence indicates the location, is an empty and cold ancient palace; The second sentence implies the environment and time, and the red flowers in the palace are in full bloom, which coincides with the spring season; Three sentences explain the characters, several white-headed maids, and with the last sentence, we can know that they are the old maids who survived when Xuanzong Tianbao entered the palace in the last year; The last sentence describes the action, and the ladies-in-waiting sit around to recall and talk about Tianbao's legacy. Twenty words, places, times, people and actions are all displayed, forming a very vivid picture. This picture has aroused readers' imagination: ladies-in-waiting are all beautiful and charming when they are young. These beautiful ladies-in-waiting are imprisoned in this cold ancient palace and are lonely and bored every day. Look at the palace flowers, bloom flowers fall, year after year, youth withers, beauty is haggard and white hair is frequent, so it is ruined. How can we save the past? However, they were shut up in the cold palace, isolated from the world, and there was no other topic, so they could only look back on the legacy of Xuanzong in Tianbao era. This situation is absolutely pathetic. "Loneliness", "loneliness" and "sitting around" not only describe the scene at that time, but also reflect the poet's tendency. Sad life experience, sad feelings, ups and downs of emotions, 20 words depict such a vivid picture, showing such a profound meaning, so the Song Dynasty's "Rongzhai Essays" Volume II said that this poem "has less meaning and endless taste"; In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Yinglin believed that this poem was written by Wang Jian in Biography of Poetry, and said, "It is not easy for Wang to write hundreds of seven-character palace poems."
Another way to express it is to write mourning with pleasure. In China's classical poems, the scenery sometimes reflects psychology from a negative angle. Using the contradiction between sad mood and its instantaneous beautiful atmosphere, sad feelings are written in a happy scene, but good artistic effects can be achieved. This poem also uses this technique. What the poem wants to express is a sad mood, but it deliberately depicts the red palace flower. Red flowers usually show lively scenes and set off happy emotions, but they play an important role in setting off here: the blooming red flowers set off sparse palaces and strengthen the sense of ups and downs that change with time; The red flowers in spring set off the white hair of ladies-in-waiting, showing the feelings of life that beauty is easy to get old; The beauty of safflower contrasts with the sad mood, which highlights the sad mood of the maid-in-waiting being confined. Red flowers have played a great role here. This is to use the contradiction between good scenery and bad mood to highlight the central idea, that is, Wang Fuzhi's "Jiang Zhai Shi Hua" said "writing sorrow with joy", which doubled his sorrow. Bai Juyi's "Shang Yang White Haired Man", "Gong Ying is worried about happiness, and Yan Liang is jealous in both places", which can also be said to be based on happiness. However, Bai Juyi's writing directly reveals the contradiction between music and sadness, while Yuan Zhen's Palace is a more subtle contrast with music and has more aftertaste.