1 Annotation Methods for Primary Chinese
When reading this book, give it a good place.
If this is a book with collectible value, such as hardcover book and collector's edition, it is strongly not recommended to annotate such a book. At this time, I would rather take the trouble to choose notebook records. The reason is obvious, the trace of annotation will impress the collection value of the secretary.
Excluding books with collectible value, we can begin to annotate books.
Give advice and recommend you to use erasable pens, including but not limited to pencils, erasable pens and so on. When making annotations, you don't need to pursue the high aesthetic feeling of typesetting and handwriting, and you don't need to use brightly colored pens and gel pens. Annotation with erasable pen can avoid typos and omissions occupying vacant rooms and save space to the maximum extent.
Color coding to distinguish.
It also has a good effect to prepare more colors and replace shorthand symbols such as underscores with different colors.
Improve space utilization.
We usually use the bleeding of book binding (that is, the blank part of the paper) as annotations, but the secretarial space is far more than that. When we have a chapter summary or a long feeling, it is also a good choice to use the blank parts in the title page, preface and postscript.
Use words instead of sentences to emphasize the key points.
When making annotations, we should learn to refine the words and phrases, and use more words such as "good", "resource combination", "concise, effective and unified" instead of "improving the utilization rate will improve the status quo". Make sure every word you write is the essence.
Use post-it notes
It is also very effective to expand the limited writing space through post-it notes. Post-it notes don't need to be carried independently like a notebook, and because of their characteristics, they won't affect reading too much, so they are very suitable for annotations of long paragraphs. However, we should pay attention to buying better quality post-it notes to avoid losing them.
2 primary school Chinese annotation method
Draw a circle
In the process of reading, there are bound to be many new words, so you need to put dots under those unfamiliar words (as shown in the picture) and mark their pronunciation and/or explanation on them. After a long period of accumulation, your vocabulary will become richer and richer.
wavy lines
There will also be many wonderful and beautiful sentences in the article. When you read the sentence you appreciate, please immediately draw a wavy line below (as shown in the picture). Reviewing these sentences and learning their skills and methods are also helpful to our language expression ability.
triangle
The use of many words in the article is the crowning touch of the whole article. When you find some good words and wonderful words, hurry up! Draw a triangle (as shown)! It will be very convenient to use next time.
question mark
When reading difficult paragraphs, friends often have many questions. At this time, you just need to draw a straight line under the sentence you don't understand, put a question mark next to it, and then you can find the answer to the previous question by looking up information or understanding according to your own experience and understanding.
"Attention"
With "painting", the next step is "note". "Note" is a supplement to "painting". The pronunciation and explanation on the note next to the dot, my own feelings on the note next to the wavy line, and the answers to the questions on the note next to the question mark ... I believe these notes can help.
"Batch"
feeling
In the process of reading, friends must have their own feelings, and everyone's feelings are different. This is the charm of reading. It will also make your feelings "batch" meaningful.
Questioning style
"Only when you read a book with questions can you really enter the article." It is also a good choice to recognize your unique insights in the book.
associated
Connecting what you read, and connecting related people, events, sights, events, feelings and reasons ... is the greatest gain of reading.
Evaluation formula
Comment or appreciate the articles you read, evaluate the characteristics of the characters, evaluate the right and wrong events, evaluate the subtlety of the words ... write your own opinions. You are also an excellent critic!
3 primary school Chinese annotation method
I. Supplementary explanation
This reading method is to let students follow the author's ideas, follow the author's writing style, and then supplement the author. It can also be called imitation and continuation, which can activate students' thinking, open their horizons, let students learn the author's writing methods and improve their writing ability quickly. For example, in> middle school, the students with strong ability wrote the sounds of crickets and crickets, and then wrote the music of frogs, cicadas and streams, which was very poetic. This annotation method is not suitable for all students. After all, it is difficult, but it is a good exercise for students with strong ability.
Second, write emotional comments.
When a person moves his heart to read an article, he will inevitably feel deep or shallow. In order to cultivate students' habit of thinking while reading, we ask students to write down their feelings at any time after reading the article. If students are reading & gt After the first paragraph, I wrote the following comment: "Plum blossoms don't freeze bones, why can they smell?" Song Lian has achieved so much because he can stand the test of bad environment. It's winter now, and the environment these days is a bit like that in the book, but sometimes I want to shrink back. It seems that only by eating hard can you become a master! "
There are still students reading & gt Later in the last paragraph, I made this comment: "Don't worry about being poor, don't worry about being rich." He never condescends to buy five bushels of rice. What a broad mind this is. Do not pursue fame and fortune, do not go with the flow, in order to write so many leisurely and fresh pastoral poems. Just like & gt went to middle school, "the heart is far from being biased." If a person has the dust of street customs in his heart, of course, there will be no comfort of "seeing the South Mountain leisurely". "
These emotional annotations can not only help them understand the text deeply and grasp the main idea of the article, but also help them cultivate a sensitive nerve, which is also very important for writing. What a kill two birds with one stone! Keep reading like this, and I believe students will learn to feel something, gain something, and gain something.
Third, question the annotation.
"Scholars must doubt first". There is no doubt that it can not stimulate thinking, and there is no doubt that it can not increase interest. With questions, let students read with questions, let them read in, really walk into the text and talk to the text and the author. This annotation reading method is conducive to cultivating students' suspicion and inquiry spirit. Questioning itself is a kind of thinking, a challenge and an exploration. This reading method is the most widely used by students and is suitable for all kinds of student styles.
If students make such a comment in the book, "What does it mean that the night is as soft as a lake?" There are students in> What does it mean that human beings live for work and work for life? Some students commented next to this sentence ("I believe a carpenter can make a good table, which has the same architectural value as a politician like you"): "I think what the author said is wrong. According to him, people all over the world have the same value, so we don't need to realize our own value. No matter what we do, the value is the same. "
Look, he has doubts about the author's sentence! It is because of his comments that our class debate has its source, and the debate is in full swing. At present, students in my class basically use this reading method to ask questions anytime and anywhere, and with the passage of time and the accumulation of experience, the questions are more and more in-depth and the value is higher and higher. This kind of annotation has set off waves again and again for my Chinese class, bringing climax again and again.
Fourthly, associative notation.
An important task of reading teaching is to cultivate students' associative ability, so that they can consciously move from one article to another. This way of reading pays attention to students' knowledge transmission and information classification and integration. If students in the first paragraph of this poem & gt how accurately made the following comments: "Good rain knows the season, when spring comes". In fact, the first paragraph is the interpretation and rewriting of this Tang poem.
Other students are next to> "Sit on this mountain and look at other mountains", and there is an annotation "Look at Shu in the Dragon". How detailed! Liu Yuxi's gt; These comments were made next to "Autumn has been sad since ancient times" and "The withered vine and the old tree are faint crows" ... heartbroken people are at the end of the world, "Frosty night and Jiangfeng fishing and sleeping", "The scenery in Qiu Lai is different ... The sunset is lonely", "Don't forget the road, the curtain rolls west wind, and people are thinner than yellow flowers", "Yellow flowers are piled all over the ground, haggard and damaged. Who can pick them now? ..... What a sad sentence? " ..... They aroused so many associations from this poem that they suddenly thought of so many sad autumn poems. They can sum up and sort out their knowledge, so as to draw inferences from others and truly turn their knowledge into an ability. What's wrong with taking action after class?
V. Evaluation comments
In order to give full play to students' dominant position and fully respect their reading experience, they should be allowed and encouraged to make positive or negative comments on reading. This reading method is often used in poetry. They often make evaluative comments on some poems after tasting. If the students are reading & gt, they will make a wonderful appreciation and evaluation at the side of "Mountain dancing silver snake, original wax elephant, trying to compare the weather".
However, some people made negative comments on the text. For example, this sentence of my student in> Today's Talk was written for students who are now engaged in their careers and are now preparing for their careers, with the following note: "It's better to replace these two dashes with brackets, which will make people understand more clearly and read more smoothly." His careful and reasonable evaluation can be described as a stone stirring up three waves. At that time, students repeatedly compared the pronunciation of dashes and brackets, but they really agreed with their comments.
Some students made this comment next to "About Kong Yiji really died": "What a" About "! Two simple words, seemingly inadvertently, even exposed the cold shoulder of Kong Yiji. The author is really ingenious and deserves to be a master of literature! " This kind of evaluative reading has greatly stimulated their reading enthusiasm, because they have become the masters of the classroom and reading, and they have the right to evaluate books and authors, which is a respect for their personality!
4 primary school Chinese annotation method
1, leading the demonstration and stimulating interest
In order to deepen students' understanding of annotation reading and stimulate students' interest in learning this method, we first recommend classic annotation fragments to students for appreciation, especially some classic fragments of Chairman Mao's annotations. Secondly, do a good job of guiding and demonstrating, show students their comments on American literature, share their feelings with students, feel the effectiveness of annotation reading method, and further stimulate their desire to "I'll try to annotate the article".
2, specific guidance, in the law class
In order to let students grasp the essence of annotation reading method quickly, I have done serious study and preparation before class, and summed up the annotation method which is in line with their cognitive level and has maneuverability: First, we should teach students to grasp the annotation points of the article, that is, the places where the article is worthy of annotation. Generally speaking, it is: profound sentences, places that impress you the most, vivid and meticulous words, places where rhetoric is used, places that you don't understand or have questions. Then tell the students what to write in the annotation: write feelings in the emotional place, be good at asking questions in the confused place, promote association in the vocal place, appreciate in the subtle place and fill in the blanks. Finally, students should be taught to annotate common symbols. The meaning of each symbol shall be clear, fixed and consistent, and shall not be changed at will.
After the annotation method was clear, I annotated the second paragraph of a bowl of beef noodles in the extracurricular reading textbook with the students. This passage was carefully selected by me before class. In annotations, several methods can be embodied, and various symbols can also be used. In this way, students have further consolidated their understanding and application of annotation reading in their own personal practice. Then, I set aside enough time for students to read the whole article independently, patrol back and forth and give guidance. Finally, share reading feelings with students, exchange reading experiences, stick to the theme, and constantly guide and encourage students to taste the freedom and autonomy of annotation reading, and their interest will naturally increase.
3. Develop habits and benefit from extracurricular activities.
If the main position of annotation reading is in class, then the real training ground should be outside class. After students have basically mastered the annotation reading method, it is our ultimate goal to guide them to consciously apply it to their usual extracurricular reading and continuously improve their autonomous reading ability.
Therefore, every week, I carefully select the classic beautiful articles in synchronous reading for students to read and annotate, so that they can consciously move from text to text, boldly give students the autonomy to read annotations, fully trust students, allow them to choose the number, form, angle and depth of reading annotations according to their own conditions, and spare special time to feedback and communicate with them. Annotation reading teaching advocates that teachers should treat students' autonomous reading achievements with a developmental perspective, pay attention to the reading process, not the result, and pay attention to students' progress, not the result. The key is to develop the good habit of thinking while reading, and not to read without moving pen and ink.
The class often carries out activities of "floating books". That is, exchange books or articles that you have annotated with your classmates. In this process, learn from others' good methods and share your own reading experience. This activity has won unanimous praise from parents and students since it was launched. It is said that "floating books" communicate not only books, but also ideas, experiences, trust, friendship and ability.