Today I will introduce Su Shi, a leading figure in ancient Chinese literary circles.
Su Shi (January 8, 1037 - August 24, 1101), also known as Zizhan and Hezhong, was also known as Tieguan Taoist and Dongpo layman. He was known as Su Dongpo and Su Xian in the world. A native of Meishan, Meizhou (now part of Meishan City, Sichuan Province), his ancestral home is Luancheng, Hebei Province. He was a writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Shi became a Jinshi. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, he served in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was demoted to the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian due to the "Wutai Poetry Case". After Zhezong of the Song Dynasty came to the throne, he served as a bachelor of Hanlin, a bachelor of imperial examination, and a minister of the Ministry of Rites. He also went to Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou, Dingzhou and other places. In his later years, he was demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou because of the new party's rule. Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty was pardoned and returned to the north, but died of illness in Changzhou on the way. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, he was given the posthumous title "Wenzhong" as a posthumous gift to the Grand Master.
Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty and made great achievements in poetry, lyrics, prose, calligraphy, and painting. His poems are called "Su Huang" together with Huang Tingjian; his lyrics are called "Su Xin" together with Xin Qiji; his prose are called "Ou Su" together with Ouyang Xiu, and he is one of the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". There are "Dongpo Seven Collections", "Dongpo Yi Zhuan", "Dongpo Yuefu" and so on.
Due to the changes in officialdom, Su Shi frequently traveled between the capital and other places. He not only served as an official in many places in Jiangsu, but also left many footprints and poems on the land of Jiangsu. For example, "Late Hair on the Huaihe River": "The pale moon is pouring over the clouds at dawn, and the small wind blows the blue scales on the water. In this life, I am oriented to the rivers and lakes, and I silently count the ten trips to and from the Huaihe River." The poet silently counts the ten times he has wandered on the Huaihe River. contacts.
Today's recommended "October 16th Diary" is Su Shi's experiences and thoughts in Huai'an.
In the fourth year of Song Xining (1071), Su Shi served as the general magistrate of Hangzhou. On the 16th day of the tenth lunar month, he took a boat from Huaiyin (today's Huaiyin District, Huai'an City) to Shanyang (today's Huai'an District, Huai'an City, where the Chuzhou administrative office was at that time). The weather changes rapidly throughout the day, from "high wind and dark moon" and "fog like drizzle" in the morning to "wind blowing from the north" and "sudden flying hail" at noon, and suddenly "a thunderous sound like a falling wall". When he sat down to drink, it was "cold and snowy", which gave the poet a feeling like a nightmare.
Some experts analyzed that late autumn in Huai'an is a cold front with cold air flowing southward.
In addition, Su Shi also wrote many poems about Huai'an.
According to the author's own annotation in this poem, "In the past, I met Juyuan, Liu Gong's father, and Liu Xinlao in Shanyang, and we were close to each other, but those who are close to Juyuan met again in Jingkou." , the general meaning is: I met Sun Juyuan, Liu Gongfu, and Liu Xinlao in Shanyang before. Since I reunited with you after a long separation, I can only meet you in Jingkou (now Zhenjiang) when I am relatively close to Sun Juyuan.
In the same poem, which the poet himself annotated, "I and Yu Yuebu were neighbors between the Yangtze and Huaihe rivers, and we were about to go to Dengzhou, and we went to Shanyang in the same boat to see each other and say goodbye with poems."
In addition to these poems that clearly indicate that Su Shi came to Huai'an, the poet also has some poems and some family members who were related to Chuzhou.
These two seemingly simple poems actually contain the stories of the Su and Cheng families. According to relevant articles, in the fourth year of Huangyou's reign (1052), Su Xun's youngest daughter Su Baniang, the third sister of Su Shi and Su Che, was the legendary Su Xiaomei. Only) died of abuse. Su and Cheng then formed a grudge.
"Send Cousin Cheng Liu to Know Chuzhou" was written in March of the first year of Yuanyou (1086). At that time, Su Shi's cousin Cheng Liu, also known as Cheng Zhiyuan (also named Deru), was appointed as the governor of Chuzhou. Su Shi wrote a poem to congratulate him. . This poem first reviews the good relationship between the two families and their prominent history in the Meishan area, and then reviews the fun in childhood. The last few sentences express the condolences to the parents and elders, and send a message to the cousin to repair the relationship between the two families. Sincere wishes.
A poem broke the ice in the history of the relationship between the Su and Cheng families. At this time, it has been 34 years since the death of Ba Niang and the breakdown of the relationship between the two families. Since then, Su Shi's brothers had close contacts with Yuan and Zhishao.
Later, there was the poem "Cousin Cheng Deru's Birthday". According to Su Shi's annotation in the poem, "You were in Chuzhou and I was in Hangzhou, both suffered from famine and lived tens of thousands of people." At that time, Cheng Zhiyuan was an official in Chuzhou and Su Shi was an official in Hangzhou, and both places encountered severe famine. Under such a background, the two people who were officials in the same dynasty naturally cherished each other, so there was a poem "The old people of the four dynasties have withered away, and the cranes have only a few years to greet them."