First, the background of the establishment of the military patrol shop in Song Dynasty.
In 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin established the Northern Song Dynasty through the Chen Qiao mutiny, thus ending the war situation in the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the economy was prosperous and Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province) was its capital. With a vast territory and a dense population, this city has become the political, economic and cultural center of this country. At that time, there were countless shops in Kaifeng, and most of the entertainment places were Goulan and Wafangdian. The palaces and houses are so dense that there is no gap. Because the buildings in Bianjing City are connected by eaves, there are many fire hazards. The so-called fire and water are ruthless. Whenever a fire happens carelessly, it will spread and cause endless harm. According to historical records: the capital? Sokokuji？ 、? Stegosaurus pass? 、? Yuehuamen? 、? Chu Wang Yuan Zuo Gong? There was a fire, and then what? Hundreds of burning houses? .
Worst of all, a fire broke out in the Yan Palace in Yuan Dynasty in April of the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (AD 10 15).
After burning, there are Tianxiang Mansion Gate, Tibetan, Chaoyuan Hall, Ganyuan Gate, Chongwen Academy, Secret Pavilion and Tian Calligraphy. Song Shi? Five elements? fire
The losses are extremely heavy. Therefore, how to prevent fire is an urgent problem for the ruling class in the Northern Song Dynasty. In A.D. 1023, after Zhao Zhen in Renzong ascended the throne, he formulated strict fire prevention measures, and decided to select capable non-commissioned officers to form a team and set up a patrol shop to take charge of fire control institutions.
Second, the military patrol shop system of fire control institutions in the Northern Song Dynasty
Bianjing city? 300 steps per lane, with five soldiers patrolling the shop? Dream of Tokyo
These non-commissioned officers have undergone rigorous training, excellent skills, superb skills, boldness and strong sense of responsibility. What are their main tasks? Night patrol? Urge residents to turn off the lights on time to eliminate fire hazards. In order to find the fire in time, the military patrol shop also built a fire-watching building at a high place, and there was a special person upstairs to watch it. Regardless of the weather, the soldiers are on duty day and night. If you find a fire alarm, you should report it in time. Downstairs is the garrison, equipped with all kinds of fire fighting equipment; ? Such as big and small barrels, hemp mats, axe saws, ladders, fire forks, big ropes, iron cats and so on? , everything. In the event of a fire, these noncommissioned officers immediately went to the fire site with fire-fighting equipment to put out the fire.
At the same time, the soldiers also reported that the military and political officials in the fire area, Yin in Kaifeng and the people in charge of defending Kyoto in front of Sanya's "Ma bu" or horse stance just look temple should all take part in the fire fighting task. During the battle, all the troops cooperated closely, some kept alert and some maintained order; Some rescue and resettle injured residents; Some relief property; Some carried water to put out the fire, and there was no chaos. So every time a fire breaks out, it will be put out soon. Needless to say, this efficiency and division of labor, in addition to equipment, is no less than the modern fire brigade.
The duty of the military patrol shop is to put out fire and prevent fire. At that time? Is the fire ban in Kyoto strict? From midnight to midnight, no matter the government or the people, they should turn off the lights regularly and must not disobey. At night, soldiers patrol the streets to check and supervise the implementation of the fire ban. If there is a memorial service for the dead at night, it must be held after midnight and reported to the military patrol shop in advance, so as to record the soldiers and avoid mistaking the paper money for the sacrifice for a fire, causing panic and chaos in the city.
? Third, the further development of military patrol shops in the Southern Song Dynasty.
1 13 1 year, Zhao Gou, Song Gaozong moved its capital to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) and established the Southern Song Dynasty. At this time, the fire control institutions have become more perfect. What is the main street? Anti-corner office , stationed in the fire brigade, said? Corner patrol? Or? Defend the army? . The whole city? Corner patrol? More than 2,300 people have built more than 20 watchtowers.
In order to accurately identify the fire location, the alarm signal is specially specified. If a fire is found during the day, it will immediately point out the direction with flags, and three flags in Chaotianmen will point out the direction. Outside the Chaotianmen Gate, it is pointed by two flags; There is a fire outside the city, and the flag refers to it; Use lanterns instead of flags at night.
A strict reward and punishment system has also been formulated to encourage the corner defense forces to March forward bravely in the fire fighting and control the losses to a minimum. For those who obey orders, they are released again? ,? Reward? . Are the medical conditions poor for those who are injured in the fire fighting? Take a vacation. Say goodbye? Those who fail to perform their duties, such as neglecting their duties, disobeying orders and fearing death, shall be punished according to military law? .