Who's Jiao Hong? What did Li Zhuowu have to do with him before he died? Li Zhuowu court sentenced him to 30 years' imprisonment. When people didn't avoid him in time, how dare this Jiao Hong write a tombstone for him?
Jiao Hong was the first confidant that Li Zhuowu made before his death, and he was also recognized as a friend of life and death. Li Zhuowu was famous in the world before his death. It is difficult to count the people he has interacted with. There are hundreds of good friends, but only three or four can be called the difference between life and death. If only one of these three or four people is chosen, it may still be Jiao Hong. Li Zhuowu made a will before his death: "There is a stone tablet in front of the tomb, which reads:' The Tomb of Mr. Li Zhuowu'. The word is four feet big, so please focus on one yuan to write it. I think he will be generous. " This friendship garden is Jiao Hong.
Li Zhuowu chose Jiao Hong as the inscription on the tombstone of his will, guessing that this person must have written very well and they must be good friends, otherwise it is hard to say "I think he will be very generous". Actually? These two Jiao Hong can really afford it. Jiao Hong was a scholar in Ming Dynasty, and his calligraphy was also very famous, especially good at running script. He is also Li Zhuowu's best friend. Li Zhuowu regards friends as his life, and Jiao Hong is his eternal confidant. They have kept close contact for more than 30 years.
Li Zhuowu and Jiao Hong were both famous figures in the late Ming Dynasty, and they were close friends. However, by studying the historical materials of these two people, we can't find the specific time and place where they met, or they both pay more attention to the nature of their bosom friends. The textual research on this can only be roughly inferred from the words left by the two men. One person described the approximate time and the other explained the approximate location. These two proofs should be that Qin Long met in Beijing for three years (1569) or four years (1570). This year, Jiao Hong came to Beijing to take the exam, and Li Zhuowu was appointed as the secretary of the Beijing Department of Rites. Li Yinjiu longed for Jiao Hong's knowledge and invited or knocked on the door. It is not known whether the two had any news exchange before. Anyway, they fell in love at first sight and became bosom friends, and their friendship lasted for life.
Li Zhuowu was invited to preface Jiao Hong's father's 80th birthday. There is a sentence: "I went to the capital, that is, I heard that Baixia (the name of Nanjing District 1) was weak; It took me three years to get to know Hou. " Li Zhuowu went to Beijing for the second time as secretary of the Ministry of Rites. The time was the autumn of the 45th year of Jiajing (1566), and the second year was the first year of Qin Long (1567). This "three years" should be three or four years in Qin Long (four years is more likely, because five years (157655) Jiao Hong also has a poem about their first meeting, or it can be just a supplement. The poem "Looking at the Central Plains from afar" makes it very clear where they first met. The geographical concept of "Central Plains" covers a wide range, which can refer to Henan, Beijing to the north of the Yangtze River and south of the Great Wall, but it cannot refer to Nanjing, which belongs to the south of the Yangtze River and cannot be called the Central Plains in any case. At that time, Jiao Hong's family was in Nanjing and Li Zhuowu was in Beijing. This "Central Plains" should be Beijing, so it is impossible for two people to go to the third place for no reason. It is very likely that Jiao Hong came to Beijing for an exam, so their first acquaintance was purely accidental.
At that time, Li Zhuowu had entered the Wang Xuedian Concert Hall and was fascinated by it. He is well-known in Beijing's academic circles, so his contacts are getting wider and wider. Beijing was the academic center at that time and knew the academic news of the whole country. As an academic sub-center at that time, Nanjing, the capital of Beijing, produced a young genius, and Beijing's academic circles gained popularity. So Li Zhuowu predicted Jiao Hong.
(1540 ——1620), word weak Hou,No. Yiyuan and Lianyuan, originally from Rizhao, Shandong. His great-grandfather, Jiao Shuoming, was born in Zhu Yuanzhang, Rizhao in the early Ming Dynasty. He was awarded the hereditary flag-bearer Wei Qianhu for his exploits and settled in Nanjing. Legend has it that Jiao Shuo is a military commander, but he is diligent in learning. On a trip of Taizu, he saw that he was studying the Art of War, so he was rewarded and given the name of Jiao Yong to encourage him to learn and rebuild his reputation. This is the glory of Jiao's ancestors, so later generations are more diligent and eager to learn, and their blood ties are precipitated, eventually becoming a generation of great scholars. Jiao Hong later recalled: "Self-indignant inquiry into learning is not the first step of the secular plan. In fact, my father is very strict and reluctant to give up. If you want to stand up a little, you will be worthy of your family. " (Jiao Hong's Book with Zong Renshu in Rizhao) It can be seen that Zhu Yuanzhang's naming of ancestors has played a great inspirational role in this family, and learning from others has become its family tradition.
Jiao Hong was born in Nanjing in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540). He has been smart and studious since he was a child. 16 years old, born as a scholar and famous. Later, he was appointed as the chief student (equivalent to the monitor) by Nai Shi, the governor of Nanjing, and made great progress in his study. In the 43rd year of Jiajing (1564), Jiao Hong won the title after having obtained the provincial examination, but after that, he wasted a lot of time and tried every time. The reason is probably that this son dabbles too much and is addicted to learning, which is good for learning and not good for scientific research.
In most people's eyes, Jiao Hong is not very famous, but in fact he is an encyclopedic master, whose works are widely read, and few people can compare with him before and after. Jiao Hong has made great achievements in history, epigraphy, textual research, bibliography, printing and publishing, philosophy, Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism and many other fields. To exaggerate, a scholar has dabbled in everything he can do. This will naturally distract energy and it is difficult to highlight individual items. Besides, he likes to ask anything. It is said that he questioned (consulted) Luo Rufang when he was a student. Luo was a great scholar at that time, but he only studied right and wrong.
Such thorough study is naturally not conducive to imperial examinations and coping with scientific research. Some stereotyped writing is enough, and he is not as clever as Li Zhuowu (Li Zhuowu learned it by reciting 500 stereotyped writing). Of course, Jiao Hong's goal is more ambitious than Li Zhuowu's. If it ends in the same way, Jiao Hong's luck will not be worse than Li Zhuowu's. Jiao Hong is neither a "good student" nor a "bad student" who doesn't like studying. He can succeed in studying in this way, but he can only succeed late. In fact, he was only admitted to Jinshi at the age of 50, but he just missed it, and he was the No.1 middle school scholar.
When Li Zhuowu knew his name, Jiao Hong was only twenty-six or seven years old. When they first met, Jiao Hong was less than 30 years old. In the student circle, he can only be regarded as a junior. Jiao Hong is smaller than Li Zhuowu by more than one circle, but at that time it was more famous than Li Zhuowu. Fortunately, the two men met not only in name, but also because of their similar views and congenial feelings.
Before knowing Jiao Hong, Li Zhuowu was down and out, but he was stubborn and unruly. Therefore, he has never had a bosom friend. Before taking office as the secretary of the Beijing Municipal Department of Rites, he briefly contacted Deng Shiyang of Huixian County, Henan Province and several literary friends called "Six Friends of Baiyun", but he was just a group of "literary youths" dancing and writing. At that time, Li Zhuowu had not come into contact with psychology. Li Zhuowu was obsessed with psychology, and had contacts with several senior scholars such as Xu Yongjian and Li Fengyang, but morally he was a senior, not a confidant. Jiao Hong heard his name for the first time, and then he knew his face, so he became an old friend.
Describing the initial situation, Li Zhuowu said to himself, "It's a ghost contract for a husband to listen if he doesn't aim." (Li Zhuowu's "Preface to the Eight Ranks of Life of Qu Gong after Guarding Taishi and Respecting Weng") praised Jiao Hong's talent and knowledge. Throughout his life, Li Zhuowu praised Jiao Hong, who was younger than himself, as a teacher and brother. There is no hypocrisy in this. As far as academic achievements are concerned, Jiao Hong is really not below Li Zhuowu. In his later years, Li Zhuowu wrote "Nine Righteousness and Easy Cause", which was inspired by Jiao Hong in many places. They are teachers and friends, really called "ghost deed"; Jiao Hong wrote a poem to describe their communication: "Looking around the Central Plains, we have become friends for thousands of years, but it is difficult to know each other through the ages." . And I am crazy and simple, cared for by Ying Da, covered with courage and courage, and my behavior is not what I want. "(Jiao Hong's" Lianyuan Collection "? It can be seen that the communication between the two people is indeed a spiritual tacit understanding that transcends secular rituals.
Li Zhuowu's lifelong learning can be summarized as "seeking truth", while Jiao Hong's character has a legacy of a military commander's family, that is "frankness", which is different from truth and frankness, but both sides hit it off.
Jiao Hong once talked about his father's character: "To tell the truth, you don't cheat others a word, and you don't doubt that others will cheat you. Your mind is like a straight rope, you can drink it all at once. " ("focal pen continues?" Talk? In fact, this character is also a portrayal of yourself. When talking about the same literary theory in Notes on the Book of the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty (including Zhu Chuan and Notes), he bluntly said: "Confucianism in Han and Song Dynasties is poor, and its dross is also! Today, if the dross is sparse, it is a bean; Sparse is sparse, sparse is scattered, and it is unreasonable. " He thought that "Tang Shusong notes that I am smart ..." When it comes to learning methods, Jiao Hong said: "Scholars should do their best to sweep away the pigs of the ancients and dig out a piece of dried Kun from their chests, so that they can really benefit from it. Why don't you want to die? " (Jiao Hong's Shi Jiao Bi Cheng) There is no need to quote too much. Jiao Hong is straightforward, and his knowledge and views coincide with those of Li Zhuowu. But with such a flamboyant personality and profound knowledge, it is more reasonable to miss the scientific examination.
When Li Zhuowu and Jiao Hong first met in Beijing, their communication time was very short, but they knew each other as soon as they met, and they have maintained a lifelong close relationship and friendship since then, just like Liu Guan and Zhang Taoyuan worshipped each other. To achieve some important things in life, you have to have three or two confidants. Since then, Li Zhuowu has been helped by Jiao Hong's spirit and reality. Although life and death were uncertain in the end, he benefited a lot. The first meeting in Beijing laid a solid foundation for their lifelong friendship. Soon after, Nanjing often met and had in-depth exchanges for several years, further consolidating their rock-solid friendship.
In his fifth year in Qin Long, Li Zhuowu's term in Beijing did not expire. Without warning, he was promoted to foreign minister from the five-product Nanjing punishments department, and his official position was promoted several grades at once.
Li Zhuowu was overjoyed at this promotion: the higher the official position, the more the salary, thus getting rid of the embarrassment of long-term survival (at this time, Li Zhuowu was far from indifferent to fame and fortune, and his desire for fame and fortune never surpassed him until the end, which was more determined by the basic state of Confucianism's entry into the WTO).
This is the second time that Li Zhuowu came to Nanjing to be an official (the first time was as an official in Huixian County, Henan Province, and Dr. imperial academy moved in from Nanjing. After more than two months in office, I didn't settle down, but I received my father's obituary and left home. This time, it is very different from last time. Li Zhuowu's level is very high, and he is a little famous academically. He feels proud. ..
More than that, Li Zhuowu was happy that Nanjing had his friends at this time. For example, before Li Zhuowu was transferred to Nanjing, Li Fengyang, who was asked what he thought, had been transferred from Beijing to Nanjing. Of course, what excites him even more is that Jiao Hong, a close friend, is from Nanjing, so they often get together for the first time.
Sure enough, as soon as Li Zhuowu entered the city, Jiao Hong came. Since then, the two of them have been "eager to learn from each other" ("Continue to burn books?" Volume two? Preface). This party is the first time that Li Zhuowu and Jiao Hong get along for a long time. They have very close contact without any friction or unpleasantness.
First of all, this song is because they are in tune. Generally speaking, people need to keep a certain distance from each other, otherwise there will be a "hedgehog effect", but these two people are "true" and "straight", with similar and different personalities, and they are just right together; Secondly, they are really speculative in concept. The more they communicate, the more they find that many things happen to coincide. The deeper the discussion and speculation, the deeper the friendship will naturally be. As the saying goes, "A bosom friend is rare in life", but Li Zhuowu and Jiao Hong are very lucky. At first sight, they thought it was a "ghost haunt", but they really knew each other and were destined to be together. Third, two people struggle in different directions and goals. One is devoted to life college, and the other is devoted to scientific research, which complement each other and do not conflict. At the beginning of the last relationship, they didn't go too far, and nothing big happened during the period. These are the reasons why two people are close, but there are no contradictions and estrangements.
Jiao Hong, a native of Nanjing, is also a famous young talent. He has extensive connections in Nanjing academic circles. His position as a teacher was a leader in the southeast academic circles at that time, and the famous teacher was even more powerful. Although Geng's orientation of mind science belongs to the line of mind science, he believes in traditional Confucianism at the same time, but he hopes to break through the tradition and further develop mind science academically, which is more consistent with his view. Li Zhuowu has been integrated into the academic circles in Beijing, but after he came to Nanjing, he expanded his contacts and naturally got the assistance of Jiao Hong: at that time, several Taishan Beidou experts of Taizhou School of Mind, such as Wang Ji and Luo Rufang, were all in Nanjing, and Li Zhuowu was able to visit and consult. I wonder if there is any recommendation from Jiao Hong (Jiao Hong is also a disciple of Luo Rufang).
I also met Geng Theorem, the second confidant in his life.
Geng Theorem is Geng's second brother, taking his brother as his teacher, but it is also a branch of psychology in academic point of view and more accomplished in Buddhism. He, like Li Zhuowu, advocated "Buddhism to Buddhism", so after knowing Li Zhuowu, he became very close. Obviously, there is a shadow of Jiao Hong in this relationship, and it goes without saying that Jiao Hong also played a role.
When Li Zhuowu came to Nanjing for the second time, he had a considerable knowledge base and certain opinions, but he couldn't say how high he was. After arriving in Nanjing, he went deep into the hinterland of Taizhou's mind study, gained its essence, became more and more knowledgeable, and naturally became more and more famous.
If we say that Li Zhuowu had already entered the hall of Mind School when he was in Beijing, after he arrived in Nanjing, he determined the academic direction, gained more profound insights and put forward more original insights, and eventually became the backbone member of Taizhou Mind School. Li Zhuowu and Jiao Hong became bosom friends, and the theory of mind was an important medium. The exchange of knowledge between them is not limited to the theory of mind, but it is obviously the most in-depth exchange. However, Jiao Hong is more involved in academics, and the study of mind is just one of them. At this time, his main energy was focused on scientific research, and his contacts with Li Zhuowu were more friends.
Li Zhuowu worked in Nanjing for six years. During these six years, he has a close relationship with Jiao Hong. The two sides not only conducted extensive academic exchanges, but also deepened their friendship. Nanjing left many stories in their lives, such as arranging Zhou An, who was born in poverty but devoted to studying, to become a monk together. Jiao Hong built a buddhist nun for it, and Li Zhuowu wrote an inscription for buddhist nun. From then on, Zhou An became Jiao Lizhong's lifelong friend, and finally died in Huang An for Jiao Hong's visit to Li Zhuowu. His true feelings touched the world (see "Anji, Ding Lin" by Li Zhuowu)!
Among the lifelong contacts between Li Zhuowu and Jiao Hong, Nanjing has the longest contact time and a particularly close relationship, but there are no major issues and problems between them, so it is unnecessary to describe them too much.
The trajectory of Li Zhuowu's communication with Jiao Hong is more like two parallel lines, which do not intersect but are difficult to separate. They share the same interests, but the roads are different, which is conducive to maintaining friendship. As the saying goes, "gentlemen are harmonious but different" generally refers to the same way, but there are differences of opinion, while the situation of Mr. and Mrs. Jiao Lizhong is just the opposite, with the same effect.
During this period, although Jiao Hong has been engaged in scientific research very hard, the light of "Wenquxing" did not shine on his head. He is as diligent as ever, has a wide range of knowledge, and his habit of asking questions and reasoning remains the same. The situation in Li Zhuowu is different. During his tenure in Nanjing, Li Zhuowu made rapid progress in his studies. In addition to directly studying Taizhou's psychology, he also studied Buddhism and Taoism, especially the study of Laozi, and Zi You Jie Lao Xu was written at this time. Li Zhuowu studied Buddhism and Taoism for the purpose of releasing his mind with Taoism, but he didn't know it clearly, so he often got lost in the means, worshiping Taoism for a while and Buddhism for a while, but in any case, he was drawing nutrition from Buddhism and Taoism, which made him more deeply aware of his thoughts and gradually entered the academic high-level at that time.