Early experience
Huan Xuan is the illegitimate child of Huan Wen, the youngest son. Huan Wen doted on him since childhood. In the first year of Kangning, Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty (373), Huan Wen died, and his younger brother, Huan Chong, took command of the army and succeeded him as the secretariat of Yangzhou. At the age of five, Huan Xuan inherited his knighthood in South County. Two years later, Huan Xuan's mourning period expired, and Huan Chong also left Yangzhou for the secretariat. Huan Chong was seen off by a hundred officials from Yangzhou. Huan Chong touched Huan Xuan's head and said, "This is your old official." Huan Xuan hid his face and wept after hearing this, and everyone was surprised by this reaction.
When Huan Xuan grew up, he had a wonderful appearance, a bright expression, extensive artistic knowledge and well-written articles. He is quite conceited about his talent and family background and has always considered himself a hero. However, because his father, Huan Wen, showed signs of usurping the throne in his later years, the court was always wary of him and dared not appoint him. It wasn't until the 16th year of Taiyuan (AD 39 1) that Huan Xuan, 23, was appointed as Prince Xima. A few years later, Ren Yixing (now Yixing, Jiangsu Province) left Beijing for satrap, but he was still quite frustrated. He once lamented: "My father is an uncle in Kyushu, and my son is the head of the five lakes!" So he gave up his official position and returned to his south county (now Jiangling, Hubei Province). On the way through Jiankang, I met Sima Daozi, the ruling prime minister. Sima Daozi drank too much and said to him in front of everyone, "Your father Huan Wen wants to be a thief in his later years. What do you think? " Huan Xuan knelt on the ground sweating with fear. Wang Fuchang thanked him for soothing his cheeks, which ended this embarrassing scene. Huan Xuan hated SiMaDaoZi from now on.
Huan Xuan deeply felt that he was suspected by the Jin Dynasty, so he went to court for reconciliation, but it ended in vain.
Huan Xuan lives in Jiangling, the south county seat of Jingzhou. At first, Chen Wang, the secretariat of Jingzhou, opposed Huan Xuan everywhere and suppressed him.
In October of the seventeenth year of Taiyuan (392), Wang Chen died of illness, and Emperor Xiaowu planned to succeed Wang Gong. Although Huan Xuan was dissatisfied with Chen Wang, he was also afraid of Wang Gong, so he sent someone to Beijing to bribe a nun who was favored by Emperor Xiaowu, and asked Emperor Xiaowu to appoint Yin Zhong, the assistant minister of Huangmen who was regarded as a "weak talent", as the secretariat of Jingzhou. Sure enough, Emperor Xiaowu listened to Miao Yinni's advice and stabbed Jingzhou with Yin Zhong.
Yin Zhongkan was very respectful to Huan Xuan, while Huan Xuan was overbearing by virtue of his father and uncle's prestige in governing Jingzhou for many years, and the people feared him more than Yin Zhongkan. Yin Zhong is close to him, and Huan Xuan intends to use his military strength to please him.
Respond to Wang Gong
In 397, in the first year of Longan, Jin 'an, Shang Shu sent servants to shoot Wang Guobao and Wang Xu, the general of Jianwei, and relied on Daozi of Wang Sima, who was in power, in an attempt to weaken the towns for fear that the princes of Qingyan County would secretariat. Huan Xuan knew that Wang Gong was worried about the country in the face of the chaos in Wang Guobao, so he persuaded Yin Zhong to rise up against Wang Guobao, and sent someone to contact Wang Gong and make him the leader. At that time, Yin Zhongkan was worried that without the support of the emperor, he would be used by Wang Guobao and others, because he was considered by all to be incapable of reaching a country's Fangbo, and eventually he was transferred from Jingzhou. Huan Xuan also used this concern to persuade Yin Zhongkan, but Yin Zhongkan always hesitated. However, at that time, Wang Gong had decided to take the initiative to arise and join Yin Zhong. Yin Zhongkan had to report at this time, so he agreed to reply to Wang Gong. Soon, the court was afraid, so it killed Wang Guobao and made peace with Wang Xu, and Wang Gong also stopped fighting. In this process, Yin Zhong and Huan Xuan have never carried out substantive military operations.
After Wang Gong sent troops, Sima Daozi was worried about the threat of Wang Gong and Yin Zhongkan, so he took Sima Shangzhi and Sima Xiu as his confidants. In the second year of Long 'an (AD 398), because Huan Xuan asked the court to let him be the secretariat of Guangzhou, Sima Daozi was also afraid of him and didn't want him to continue to occupy Jingzhou, so he ordered him to supervise the military affairs of the second state of Jiaoguang, General Jianwei, the corps commander of Pingyue and the secretariat of Guangzhou. Huan Xuan was appointed, but he didn't go to work. At the same time, Sima Daozi listened to many princes of Sima Shangzhi outside the tree, but unexpectedly persuaded Wang Gong to send troops again because he cut off the Yukai area of Yuzhou secretariat. Wang Gong then joined forces with Huan Xuan and Yin Zhongkan to crusade against Sima Shang, and Huan and Yin also took him as their leader. Yin Zhong believed that Wang Gong would succeed this time, so he took an active part in the war and gave Huan Xuan 5,000 soldiers to go south with South County striker yang xian. When Yang Hehuan arrived at Kankou, Wang Yu, the secretariat of Jiangzhou, who was also the target of the crusade, fled to Linchuan, but was captured by Huan Xuan. Later, although Yu Kai was defeated by Sima Shangzhi and defected to Huan Xuan, Huan Xuan was also defeated by the imperial army at Baishi. Since then, although Wang Gong was defeated by mutiny, Huan Xuan and he fell on the stone, forcing Sima to defend the capital and ordered Danyang Yin to defend the stone city. However, because Liu Laozhi, who had just betrayed Wang Gong, led the northern government soldiers into Beijing, Huan Xuan and Emperor Wen of Sui retreated to Cai Zhou (now southwest of Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province) and confronted the imperial army.
At that time, Sima Daozi deliberately lured Huan Xuan and Jin Yang to attack Yin Zhongkan, so he took Huan Xuan as Jiangzhou secretariat, Jin Yang as Yongzhou secretariat and Yin Zhongkan as Guangzhou secretariat. Yin Zhong was furious and ordered Huan Xuan and Jin Yang to attack Jiankang. However, Huan Xuan was very satisfied with the appointment, intended to accept it, and hesitated again. At that time, Yin Zhongkan heard from his younger brother Yin Y that Yang Jian had written a book, so he began to withdraw. With Yin Zhong's retreat, Yang Gou Kao Liu also retreated first, and Huan Xuan retreated in a panic until Xunyang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province) caught up with Yin Zhong. Yin Zhong missed the Jingzhou secretariat and relied on Huan Xuan's assistance; And Huan Xuan itself also needs the help of Yin Zhong's troops, so it is tied up according to the situation. Yin Zhong and the title, Iraq, * * * push Huan Xuan as the leader, they are not subject to orders. The court saw that everyone was afraid, so it had to make a letter to appease them, and let Yin Zhong be reinstated as the secretariat of Jingzhou, demanding reconciliation. So they were ordered to return to the station.
Seize Jingzhou
As early as Huan Xuan's rampage in Jiangling, Yin Zhong's pro-Party had advised Yin Zhong to kill Huan Xuan, but he wouldn't listen. Since Huan Xuan was promoted to the position of leader, he has become more proud and arrogant, while Jin Yang's emotional changes regard him as an outsider. However, Jin Yang, who was born in Hongnong Yang's family, always thought that other gentry in Jiangdong could not compare with his family, so he was very dissatisfied with Huan Xuan.
In the third year of Longan (399), Huan Xuan requested to expand its jurisdiction, and the ruling Sima Yuan Xian (son of Sima Daozi) also wanted to alienate Huan Xuan's Yin and Yang, so he added Huan Xuan as the commander-in-chief of Jingzhou Changsha County, Hengyang County, Xiangdong County and Lingling County, and replaced Yang Mao with Huan Xuan's younger brother Wei Huan. This angered Jin Yang, who criticized Jin Yang for launching an army in the name of supporting Luoyang, which was besieged by the Qin Dynasty, but was stopped by Yin Zhongkan. When there was a flood in Jingzhou, Yin Zhongkan opened a warehouse to help the victims, and Huan Xuan took this opportunity to help Luoyang. At that time, Huan Xuan wrote to Yin Zhongkan, saying that he would destroy Jin Yang's tomb and ordered Yin Zhongkan to release Yang Guangfang, otherwise he would attack Jiangling. Huan Xuan attacked Yin Zhongkan's grain accumulation in Baling, and then falsely claimed that he had received an order from the imperial court. In order to win Emperor Wen of Sui's burial, he ordered the state to be a striker, so he gave him Jiangxia soldiers and ordered him to supervise the army.
At that time, Huan Xuan tipped off that Wei Huan was an insider, but Wei Huan was afraid and even surrendered to Yin Zhongkan, so he was held hostage by Yin Zhongkan and ordered him to write a letter to Huan Xuan, urging Huan Xuan to stop fighting, but Huan Xuan was unmoved. Because Yin Zhongkan was indecisive and often worried about his son's character, his life was not in danger. Yin Zhongkan also sent Yin Y to lead 7,000 water troops to Xijiangkou, and Huan Xuan sent a powerful country and Fu Hong to defeat him. Later, Yin Zhong sent Yang Guang and Yin Daohu to attack, and Huan Xuan was defeated again in Yangkou, reaching Jiangling zero point two miles, shaking Jiangling. Huan Xuan, the late Yang Yi Miyun, retreated to avoid his sharp edge, but eventually defeated Yang Yi's tomb and was hunted by Feng Gai. Yin Zhong escaped, was chased by Feng Gai, and was forced to commit suicide by Huan Xuan.
At the end of the same year, Huan Xuan wiped out Yang Jia, Tuoyou and Shu Ai, so in the following year (AD 400), he asked the court for the secretariat of Jingjiang two states. The imperial court sent a letter to Huan Xuan's seven-state military headquarters, the later generals, Jingzhou secretariat and false festivals, and Jing Si Qin Yongliang Yining; In addition, Wei Huan is the secretariat of Jiangzhou. However, Huan Xuan insisted on leading the Jiangzhou secretariat by himself, and the court only allowed the military of Huan Xuan Jiajiang Prefecture and Yangzhou Yuzhou to lead the Jiangzhou secretariat. Huan Xuan took Wei Huan as the secretariat of Yongzhou. Due to the increasingly serious rebellion in Sun En at that time, the court could not disobey it. Huan Xuan then took the opportunity to designate a center in Jingzhou to train military forces, and repeatedly asked for a crusade against Sun En, but it was stopped by the court.
In the fifth year of Longan (40 1), Sun En coastal road attacked Jingkou and approached Jiankang. Huan Xuan claimed that the king of Qin started to fish in troubled waters, so Sima ordered Huan Xuan to lift martial law after Sun left Beijing. But at that time, Huan Xuan completely controlled its jurisdiction, and not only made plans to transfer Wei Huan to Jiangzhou and guard the Xiakou, but also mobilized Sima to transfer Changdu Eight Counties to guard Xiangyang, Huan Zhen, Huangfu, Fenggaikou and other military forces, and set up Wuning County and Sui 'an County to resettle the migrating barbarians and recruited refugees respectively. Diao Kui, the secretariat of Guangzhou, and Guo Changzhi, the satrap of Zhang Yu, were summoned by the court and retained by Huan Xuan.
Seize the right to North Korea
In the first year of Yuanxing (402), Sima ordered a crusade against Huan Xuan, and Huan Xuan's cousin Huan gave him a tip-off. At that time, Huan Xuan had blocked the Yangtze River grain transportation, which made the eastern soil hungry. Because Sun En's rebellion didn't go well, he thought Sima Yuan Xian was unable to make a crusade, and he had been biding his time in Jingzhou, gaining momentum. However, after receiving the notice from Huan, Huan Xuan was very scared and planned to stick to Jiangling. However, Bian Fanshi advised Huan Xuan to send troops eastward, and Huan Xuan's prestige and military strength made it fall apart; You should not take the initiative to show weakness to others. Huan Xuan left Wei Huan to defend Jiangling and personally led the troops eastward. At the beginning of Huan Xuan, he was worried that his soldiers would not be used by him. However, after searching for Yang, he still didn't see the imperial army. He was very happy and his morale increased greatly, so he moved the charge of beating Sima. When Huan Xuan arrived in Guzhen, Feng was defeated, but Sima Shangzhi, the secretariat of Yuzhou, was captured alive, and Liyang (now Anhui County) was captured. At that time, Ma surrendered to Huan Xuan with his own northern army because he was afraid to send troops, and because he was afraid that he could not tolerate Ma after defeating Huan Xuan. Huan Xuan approached Jiankang, and Sima Yuan Xian tried to protect the city, but was defeated. After Huan Xuan entered Beijing, he said that martial law was lifted and he was in charge of state affairs alone. He was appointed as assistant, commander-in-chief of Chinese and foreign military affairs, prime minister, minister of history, shepherd of Yangzhou, and secretariat of Xuzhou, plus 20 fake Huang Yue, Yu Bao and Ban Jian.
Huan Xuan also recounted the sins of Wang Sima Daozi and his son Sima Yuan Xian, exiled Sima Daozi to Ancheng County, and Huan Xuan sent someone to kill him a few months later. He also killed Sima Yuan Xian, Yu Kai, Sima Shangzhi and Sima Daozi. Huan Xuan wanted to get rid of Liu Laozhi, so he was ordered to be the governor of Huiji first, and he was not allowed to enter Beijing. Liu Laozhi's original intention was to rebel, but he couldn't get the support of the generals of the northern government, so he fled to Guangling in the north to take refuge in Guangling Xiang Gao Yanei and committed suicide on the way. Liu Xiang, the son of Sima Xiuzhi and Gao Yanei, fled north to Southern Yan.
A plot to usurp the throne
When Huan Xuan attacked Jiankang in March, he abolished the title of Yuanxing, restored the title of Longan, and soon changed to Yuan tycoon. Later, Huan Xuan made the Prime Minister and Jingjiang Xusanzhou the secretariat, thinking that Jingzhou was the secretariat, Huan was the secretariat of Xu and Yan, Huan was the secretariat of Jiangzhou, Bian Fanzhi was the secretariat of Danyang, and Huan Qian was the left servant of Shangshu, and appointed Huan's relatives and cronies as internal and external posts. Self-styled Qiu, General Pingxi, Chinese and foreign military commanders, Yangzhou shepherd and Yuzhou secretariat leader. In addition, we added a dragon crown dress, a green F- shirt, and increased the sword category to 60 people. The sword goes to the temple instead of the court, praising the nameless ceremony.
In April, Huan Xuan went out of the city to write a history book, but he still had to ask for his advice on major issues in the DPRK, and the minor issues were decided by Huan Qian and Bian Fanshi in the DPRK. Since Emperor Jin 'an succeeded to the throne, the civil war in the Eastern Jin Dynasty has been going on for years, and the people are in dire straits. After Huan Xuan came to power, he expelled traitors and appointed wise men, which made Jiankang City beaming and hoped to live a stable life. Soon, however, Huan Xuan insulted the imperial court, indulged in luxury and made capricious decrees, which disappointed the people. At that time, there was a famine in San Wu and many people died. Even rich people starve to death at home. Although Huan Xuan ordered the disaster relief, there was not much rice and food. Even though he was still looking for the king to eat outside and went back to get food, many people starved to death on the roadside.
On the other hand, in order to eliminate the forces of the northern government soldiers led by Huan Xuan, he also killed the old generals of the northern government soldiers, such as Taishou Gaosu, Zhu, Gaopingxiang Zhulangzhi, Liu Attack, Neishi Liu, and the champion general Sun Wuji. In addition, the imperial court was also required to investigate the idea of pacifying Sima and the tombs of Yin Zhong Kan and Yang Ga, and to make them Yu Zhanggong and Guiyang Gong respectively, and to transfer them to his son Huan Sheng and nephew Huan F respectively. It also issued a letter to the whole country to avoid the anonymity of his father Huan Wen, and all those with the same name were renamed, and his biological mother was Mrs. Taigong.
In the first year (403), when Huan Xuan was a tycoon in the Jin Dynasty, Huan Xuan became a general and invited the army to lead the Northern Expedition to the later Qin Dynasty, but then he hinted that the court was not allowed to send letters. Huan Xuan itself had no intention of the Northern Expedition, so he pretended to respect the imperial edict and stopped. In the same year, when Wei Huan died, Huan Xuan took off his mourning clothes and made fun of his simple manners. Wei Huan has always been a pro-war man in Huan Xuan. After Wei Huan's death, Huan Xuan was lonely and dangerous, and Huan Xuan's disloyalty was exposed. At the same time, the whole country was angry with him, so he planned to speed up the work of the usurper. Huan Xuan's cronies, Yin Zhongwen and Bian Fanzhi, also advised Huan Xuan to usurp the throne as soon as possible, and even the court awarded Huan Xuan Jiu Xi an imperial edict and an imperial edict. Huan Xuan then promoted Huan Qian, Wang Mi, and Huan Xiu, and let the court appoint himself as the Prime Minister. He even appointed Nanjun, Nanping County, Tianmen County, Lingling County, Yangying County, Guiyang County, Hengyang County, Yiyang County and Jianping County * * * ten counties, and made himself the King of Chu, adding nine tin, which could buy off domestic officials of Chu. Later, Huan Xuan confessed the general and the secretariat of Yuzhou, and incorporated the regime into the Prime Minister's Office.
At that time, Huan Xuan's action made Xun Yu, who was originally a party in Yin Zhongkan, arise and attack Xiangyang before replacing Wei Huan's Jingzhou secretariat Huan Shikang, shaking Jiangling, but was quickly pacified by Huan Shikang and others. Huan Xuan and later went back to San Francisco for a pretence, but he wrote to retain himself on behalf of the imperial court, and then asked him to go back to San Francisco. He asked Emperor Jin 'an to start writing to retain him. Because Huan Xuan likes to show off these letters, he often creates these self-directed and self-acting events. In addition, Huan Xuan also ordered people to report auspicious appearance, to have a noble scholar like all previous dynasties. He did not hesitate to order Huang Fuxi, the grandson of Huangfu Mi VI, to pretend to be a noble scholar, but he was eventually called "seclusion" by people at that time. Huan Xuan, on the other hand, has no firm will to carry out government decrees, and often changes his mind, which leads to different political life and changes in a mess.
Establish Huan Chu
In November of the first year of the tycoon (403), Huan Xuan added his own crown to the twelve standard plaques of the emperor, and also added ceremonial utensils for horses and chariots, with Chu Fei as the queen and Chu Wang as the prince. 1 1 month18th, Bian Fanshi wrote the surrender book and ordered Sima Bao, king of Linchuan, to force Emperor Jin 'an to copy it. On 21st, Huan Xuan was ceded to the throne of Emperor Jin 'an by Taibao and Stuart Wang Mi, and then moved to Yong 'an Palace, and then moved to the ancestral temple of the Jin Emperor to give it to the evil country. Later, when the ministers visited Gu, Huan Xuan resigned for a pretence, and the ministers insisted on urging him. So Huan Xuan built an altar to worship heaven, and on February 3rd,/kloc-0 officially became emperor, renamed as "Yong 'an" and renamed as King Pinggu of Emperor Jin 'an, and soon moved to Xunyang.
After Huan Xuan usurped the throne, he was extravagant and dissipated, hunting and having fun all night, and there was nothing he could do. Even on the day when Wei Huan was buried, Huan Xuan mourned during the day, but went to play at night, sometimes even going back and forth many times a day. Due to Huan Xuan's impatience, he had to be anxious when he was called. The duty official tied his horse in front of the province and stood by, which made the palace complicated, unlike the imperial court; In addition, Huan Xuan has built a palace and Mahayana, which can accommodate 30 people. As a result, the people are more tired and miserable, and their minds have changed. The old generals of the northern government soldiers, such as Emperor Wu of Song, He Wuji, Liu Yi and others, took the opportunity to raise righteous soldiers to crusade against Huan Xuan.
On February 27th, the first year of Yongshi (404), Emperor Wu of Song and others officially went to transfer troops, and planned to transfer troops together in Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu), Liyang and Jiankang. Among them, Emperor Wu of Song sent Zhou to report to Liu Mai of Jiankang and informed him to be an insider. However, Liu Mai was frightened and later thought that the plot was exposed to Huan Xuan. Huan Xuan initially named Liu Mai as an important Hou. Later, Liu Mai failed to catch Zhou in time, so he killed Liu Mai and other insiders of Emperor Wu of Song in Jiankang. Zhuge Changmin, originally from Liyang, was also captured by Diao Kui, but Emperor Wu of Song and others finally succeeded in capturing Jingkou and Guangling, and both Huan Xiu and Huan Hong, who were guarding the two places, were killed.
Emperor Wu of song led the rebel army into Julie, and Huan Xuan added Huan Qian as the conqueror. Huan Qian asked Huan Xuan to send troops to attack Emperor Wu of Song, but Huan Xuan was afraid of Liu's sharp edge and planned to wait for Emperor Wu of Song in Zhoushan. He thought the other side would be surprised to see the army from Jingkou to Jiankang, and Huan Xuan's army could not hold on. If the other party can't fight, they will leave automatically. However, Huan Qian insisted that Huan Xuan sent the Tuqiu satrap Wu Fuzhi and the right general Huangfusong to meet them. However, both of them died in the battle with Emperor Wu of Song. Huan Xuan was frightened and summoned a group of Taoist priests to try to fight against Emperor Wu of Song. Later, Huan Xuan ordered Huan Qian, Liantun Dongling, Bianfantun to overthrow Shanxi, and * * * resisted Emperor Wu of Song with twenty thousand soldiers. However, when Liu Yujin arrived in Shandong and capsized, he made the enemy think that Liu Yu had a large number of troops. After receiving the report, Huan Xuan sent Guo Yu's troops to reinforce. However, because most of Emperor Wu of Song's soldiers came from the northern government, Huan Qian's army was afraid of Emperor Wu of Song and had no fighting spirit, while Liu Yuze led the army to die, and the fire could not attack, eventually defeating Huan Qian and so on.
When Huan Xuan sent Huan Xuan and others to resist Liu Yushi, they actually had the idea of leaving and ordered Yin Zhongwen to prepare ships. After Huan Xuan's defeat, he took a group of cronies to the West on March 2nd. Huan Xuan didn't eat that day, and his entourage gave Huan Xuan brown rice, which Huan Xuan couldn't swallow. Young Huan Sheng hugged Huan Xuan to comfort him, which made Huan Xuan feel sad.
Huan Xuan and his party fled to Xunyang, where supplies and troops were provided by Guo Changzhi, the secretariat of Jiangzhou. After that, he took Emperor Jin 'an to Jiangling, set up officials in Jiangling, and reorganized the water army. In less than a month, there were 20 thousand soldiers, and the ships and weapons looked very powerful. But Huan Xuan was afraid that the law could not be seriously enforced, so he easily sentenced to death, which made people feel divorced.
Die of defeat
Later, He Wuji defeated He Lian and other troops sent by Huan Xuan, captured Kankou, marched in search of Yang, and marched west with others. Huan Xuan also led a great army from Jiangling to meet the enemy, and the two armies met in an eventful continent on May 17th. At that time, although Huan Xuan's army had the strength advantage, because Huan Xuan often rowed beside the boat and rehearsed the action when it failed, the people had no fighting spirit, so they were defeated by Liu Yi, burned the trench and fled by night, and the power surrendered to Liu Yi. Huan Xuan then carried Jin Andi to the west, leaving He Fani, the golden queen, and Wang Shen 'ai, the queen of Andi, in Baling. Yin Zhongwen moved to another ship in the name of recruiting skirmishers, and took the opportunity to betray Huan Xuan, welcoming him back to Jiankang.
On May 23rd, Huan Xuan returned to his lair, Jiangling. Feng should have advised Huan Xuan to fight again, but Huan Xuan refused, preferring to go to Liangzhou, where the secretariat of Huanxi. However, people had already left, and no one obeyed Huan Xuan's orders. The next day, there was chaos in Jiangling city. Huan Xuan and hundreds of confidants set out. At the gate, someone tried to assassinate Huan Xuan, but it didn't work, so they killed each other. Huan Xuan barely boarded the ship, and the people around him were scattered because of the chaos. Only Bian Fanzhi followed closely. Huan Xuan intended to go to Liangzhou Prefecture in Hanzhong, but rode a captain Mao Xiuzhi to lure Huan Xuan into Shu, and Huan Xuan obeyed. At that time, it was the time when Ningzhou Secretariat Mao died. Mao Kun, the secretariat of Mao in Yizhou, sent his grandnephew Mao Youzhi and hundreds of people who joined the army to send Mao [to Jiangling and meet Huan Xuan in the west of Jiangling on May 26th. They went on to attack Huan Xuan, and the arrows rained down. Ding and Wan Gai, Huan Xuan's favorite, died trying to block an arrow for Huan Xuan. Qian Feng, the prefect of Yizhou, jumped on Huan Xuan's boat and pulled out a knife. Qian Feng said, "I'm just killing the traitor of the son of heaven!" "Huan Xuan was thirty-six years old when he was killed. After Huan Xuan's death, cousin Huan Qian mourned for Huan Xuan in the depression and went to posthumous title to mourn for the emperor. Huan Xuan's head was laid in Jiankang and hung on the truss, and the people were very happy to see it.
Political measures
Lose the government and the country
After Huan Xuan came to power, he also wanted to cheer up and rectify vigorously in the face of all kinds of chaos in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty. Huan Xuan's regime, which represented the gentry, could not touch its vested interests, so it failed to be implemented in the end.
After he acceded to the throne, his kindness won the hearts of the people. For example, when he personally interrogated prisoners, he released them regardless of the severity of the crime; Those who stop the imperial driving and complain about injustice can usually be freed; However, his administration is cumbersome and demanding, and he likes to show off himself. Some officials mistakenly corrected the word "spring L" in the imperial edict to "spring map", and all the managers were demoted or dismissed. Huan Xuan is good at hunting and building palaces, so his heart is changeable.
Only a few months after Huan Xuan's reign, the Huanchu Dynasty was declared dead.
Simplified paper making
When Huan Xuan was in office, he issued an order to simplify it into paper. Since the improvement of papermaking in Cai Lun, although paper has been widely used, bamboo slips are still adopted in national laws and regulations. Huan Xuan wrote a letter: "There was no paper in ancient times, so we used plain paper instead of worshipping. Today, everything that is simple is replaced by yellow paper. " From then on, paper completely replaced bamboo slips and became the writing carrier of imperial official documents.
religious policy
At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the influence of Buddhism was quite strong. Huan Xuan believed in Taoism, so he initially reduced Buddhism. Huan Xuan overthrew Sima Daozi and Yuan Xian's father and son, and after he entered Jiankang, he ordered Saman to pay tribute to the king, and had many disputes with Wang Mi, a Buddhist.
After he became the king of Chu, he even ordered the restriction of Buddhism and accused it of bad habits, so that it was "rich and dirty." Escape from the clock in a hundred miles, escape from the temple. "
However, after he became emperor, his attitude towards Buddhism changed and he agreed to restore the shaman's disrespect for the king's rule, which was the result of his efforts to win the support of Buddhist forces.
Literary and artistic achievements
Huan Xuan loves painting and calligraphy. He saw others hiding famous calligraphy and painting, so he wanted to keep it for himself. After he usurped the throne, he even pocketed all the calligraphy and painting collected by the golden royal family. When his son Liu Qu was sent to surrender, Huan Xuan entertained them with calligraphy and painting.
The famous painter Gu Kaizhi also has a good friendship with Huan Xuan. He once sent Huan Xuan a box of works that he thought he painted better. Huan Xuan opened the box, looked at it, tidied it up and regarded it as a treasure.
For the calligraphy works of Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi, Huan Xuan couldn't put it down. "Those who write You Mei's works, mixed with the paper traces of the two kings, are fragmented, often both ways. "
Huan Xuan himself is a generation of calligraphers, especially in cursive script. He compared himself to Wang Xizhi, but "the arguer is not successful, and the cloud is like Kong Lin".
Yu Jianwu's Shupin lists Huan Xuan's calligraphy, Yang Xin, Mrs. Wei, etc. 15 as top-middle products, and comments on his books as "infinite strength".
Li Sizhen's Houshupin is listed as a domestic product. Comment on his book: "Huan Xuan is like a snake in the grass."
Dou E's Shu Shu Fu said: "Play while respecting Tao, and think sharply. Relying on the right army, aiming at chaos. The wild grass is unconstrained, sparse and awesome. If you are afraid of bathing birds, wait for the shock wave to flood the shore. "
Unfortunately, no calligraphy works of Huan Xuan have survived to this day, and his collection of calligraphy and painting disappeared with his escape (all of them were thrown into the Yangtze River).
Huan Xuan is also good at writing poems. In the history of Huan Xuan, "sorrow and joy are extraordinary, and every joy will make him cry", which is quite poetic. In the process of defeat, he wrote his own "Ju Zhu", which was passed down as a much-told story.
He left behind twenty volumes of Huan Xuan Collection and two volumes of Zhouyi. His works still existed in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, but they have been lost today.
There are thirty-five Jin Quan Wen compiled by A Qing, and two poems, Playing and Climbing the Jingshan Mountain, are preserved in the Poems of Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties compiled by modern people.
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