Wing style
Yu Shinan
Dancing with light sleeves,
There is a song around the beam.
Move branches and create chaos,
Blowing flowers to send fragrance far away.
Yu Shinan (558-638), a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang Province, was one of the four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty. Since childhood, I have studied calligraphy with the wise and brave monk. The so-called "Biography of the Deep Mountain River" is convinced of the brushwork of the Tang King and is highly valued by Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin. Since the Tang Dynasty, emperors of all dynasties have followed the example of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. Emperor Taizong once "learned from the Tang Dynasty". In addition, Yu Shinan is well-read and honest, so he is deeply loved. Emperor Taizong vowed to learn from Wang Xizhi and Yu Shinan, which shows his great influence. Later generations have different opinions on "Yu Ti". His pen is round and square, soft on the outside and rigid on the inside, with little carving and little anger. His cursive script is almost a direct biography of the cursive script of the Tang Dynasty.
Of noble birth.
Yu Shinan (558-638), Bo Shi, was born in Yaoyu, Zhejiang. He was one of the four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty. From the Three Kingdoms to the Tang Dynasty, there were many famous people in the yaoyu family, including Yu Fan (164-233), a scholar from the Wu State, and Yu Yu (28 1-356), an astronomer from the Eastern Jin Dynasty. On the wonders of ancient and modern times, cursive script, paper color ruler axis, and the number of true and false volumes are all available. Once again, the imperial edicts of Chao Shangzhi, Xu Xixiu, Sun and others compiled the calligraphy of the two kings, and another was Yu Shiqi (? -6 18), a good official of Chen Sui Dynasty, was Yu Shinan's brother.
The most famous Yu family is Yu Shinan. He was born in Yongding, Emperor Wu of the Southern Dynasties. His grandfather Yu Jian was consulted by Liang Shihang, king of the Southern Dynasties. His father was the illegitimate child of Chen in the Southern Dynasties. His uncle Yu Ji was appointed assistant minister of Chinese books in the Chen Dynasty. Since childhood, I took the word Bo Shi in the south of the city, and the south of the city was quiet and diligent. As a teenager, he was educated with his brother Shi Jie. Gu was a calligrapher of Chen in the Southern Dynasties. Guan is an assistant minister, Guang Luqing, who knows the strange characters of insects like the back of his hand. Unfortunately, his book Traces is now unknown. Yu Shinan is diligent and studious, and he makes unremitting efforts to think. He admired Xu Ling (507-585), a writer in the Liang Dynasty and a servant of Shangshu, and studied Xu Ling in a graceful and graceful way, which was recognized by Xu Ling himself in the Southern Dynasties. Knowing that his two sons are very knowledgeable, he sent someone to Yu's house to comfort and examine them. Heather was called to join the army as the king of Jian 'an when his mourning period expired. But because the adoptive father sent him to the rebels, he still had clothes and vegetables. It was not until the end of Taijian that Chen put down the rebellion and sent him back, "only to make Shinan release cloth to eat meat." After the demise of the Chen Dynasty (589), Heather and Shijie brothers entered Chang 'an in their names. People compare it to Erlu (Luji, Lu Yun) in the Jin Dynasty. When Yang Di was the king of the Jin Dynasty, he heard about Yu Shinan's reputation and planned to be a minister. After Yang Di acceded to the throne, he was made a doctor, and his family moved. Although Yang Di likes Yu Shinan very much, his family life is luxurious. Although Yu Shinan lives with his brother, he still lives frugally and does not change his old habits. On the eve of the demise of the Sui Dynasty, Yu Wenhuaji wanted to kill Yang-ti and Yu Shiqi, and held a position in the south of the city, asking him to replace his brother, but people praised his benevolence and righteousness. Heather followed Yu Wenhuaji to Liaocheng, where he served as assistant minister of Huangmen under the rebel Dou Jiande. It was not until Li Shimin, the king of Qin, destroyed Dou Jiande and took Yu Shinan as his confidant that he began to use him.
See you later, wise master
Yu Shinan was over sixty years old when he entered the Tang Dynasty. He joined the army for the king of Qin and soon became a clerk. He got his bachelor's degree in the library and stayed with Zhang Hefang. On one occasion, Li Shimin ordered him to write A Biography of Women on the Screen. Yu Shinan wrote it silently at that time, word for word. Li Shimin was made a prince, so Nan was made a prince. In 627, Li Shimin ascended the throne. Yu Shinan is nearly old, and he asked to retire and return to his hometown. Emperor Taizong refused to let him touch the illegitimate daughter rights of the prince. Yu Shinan refused to accept his resignation, but he was still appointed as the junior supervisor of the secretary. In the sixth year of Zhenguan (633), he was promoted to secretary supervisor, who was in charge of books and works, and was known as "Yu Jian" in the world. In the eighth year of Zhenguan, he was appointed as the Duke of Yongxing County. Therefore, he was called "Yu Yongxing" in history.
Emperor Taizong greatly appreciated Yu Shinan's erudition, frankness and faithfulness. In his spare time, he often talks with him about his studies, classics and history. Shinan has an elegant appearance, but a strong will. Whenever he talks about the gains and losses of ancient emperors and kings, he always means persuasion and irony. Emperor Taizong often said to his courtiers, "I lost a word because of my leisure with Shang Lue, the south of the city, ancient and modern times, and I am not disappointed. I am sincere. "
After Tang Gaozu's death in Tang Gaozu, Li Shimin wrote to build a mausoleum for his father, taking Changling, the tomb of high-impedance Liu Bang, as a model, which is extremely long and thick. This is a waste of people and money. Yu Shinan remonstrated twice, arguing that the founding of the People's Republic should be quick and frugal, and advocated "thin burial". Officials and officials also demanded to live frugally according to the imperial edict of Gaozu. At the suggestion of Yu Shinan and his ministers, the size of the mausoleum was greatly reduced. Emperor Taizong wrote a palace poem, which is called "The Response of Officials". Yu Shinan is afraid that this kind of "improper writing style" poem will spread. Popular all over the world, with a bad influence, he refused to write poetry. All these can be seen from Yu Shinan's upright and upright character. Emperor Taizong often said that Yu Shinan has "five unique skills", namely, morality, loyalty, straightforwardness, erudition and literature.
In the 12th year of Zhenguan (638), Yu Shinan became an official (retired), with the official title of Dr. Yin Lu and Bachelor of Library Science. He died of illness at the age of 8 1 year. Tang Wenzong ordered Zhaoling to be buried with him, and posthumously presented the book of rites, posthumous title "Wen Yi". He also wrote a letter to Wang Wei TV, saying, "Nantian and I are one, and there will never be peace." He also ordered Chu Suiliang, the poet he wrote, to read and burn in front of Yu Shinan's spirit, which shows the profound friendship between the monarch and the minister.
Yu Shinan compiled 172 volumes of Bei Tang Shu Chao and 30 volumes of Yu Shinan Ji.
Wang Shuchuan
Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, advocated the calligraphy style of Wang Xizhi, a "book saint". He personally wrote the Biography of Wang Xizhi for the Book of Jin, collected, copied and appreciated Wang Xizhi's original works, and ordered Xiao Yi to earn the original works of the Preface to Lanting from the eloquence of a monk, and made many copies and gave them to ministers. Even after his death, he buried the original preface to Lanting in Zhaoling.
Yu Shinan studied calligraphy with Wang Xizhi's seventh grandson and Zen master Zhiyong when he was a teenager, and won the essence of Wang Shu. In order to learn calligraphy, he once locked himself upstairs and went downstairs after graduation. The waste pen he wrote was filled with a big urn. After practicing words during the day, scratch your stomach or sheets with your fingers before going to bed and ponder the momentum of words. After a long time, the sheets are scratched. Through hard study, Yu Shinan became the brushwork of Wang.
Zhang Huaiguan commented on Yu Shinan in Shu Duan in the Tang Dynasty: "His books have the macro rules of Da Ling (Wang Xianzhi), including the positive colors of five parties, and are graceful and brave. The dangerous peak of spiritual practice rises from one place to another, especially when the grass is in the grass, its twilight teeth are spared. And smelly sheep (Xin) and thin (Shao) are ignored. Yes, it is the beauty of the southeast, and it must be the bamboo arrows of Huiji. " "Li, this running script is wonderful. However, Europe (Yang Xun) is both wise and dangerous ... After adulthood, this danger disappears. The gas field will go deep, sometimes unfavorable; If Yu Ruoxing made a wonderful choice, it is rare to keep him. Depression contains rigidity and softness, and Europe shows bones and muscles. It is best for a gentleman to hide things. " At that time, Yu Shinan's reputation was above that of Ou Yangxun.
His calligraphy is harmonious and elegant, soft outside and firm inside. Critics think it is like a fluttering skirt, but the body of the sword is well tied, and there is a tendency that the crown and sword cannot be made. His pen is concise and elegant, and he is famous for his book history. The school of "Yu Ti" founded by him combines rigidity with softness, and Fiona Fang has both. People praised "Yu Ti" and "winning the beauty of the right army". The so-called "losing its luster" means that he is not a combination of pure "Wang Shu", but independent and innovative. He and Ou Yangxun's Dangerous Strength, Four Masters in the Early Tang Dynasty, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji were also called "random encounters".
"Yu Ti" rhyme
Throughout the history of calligraphy, from Zhong Yao and Zhang Zhi's opening of books, to the establishment of books by two kings (Wang Xizhi and Wang Xizhi) at the end of Jin Dynasty, and then to the fourth day of Tang Dynasty, calligraphy has reached perfection. Therefore, "Jin people take rhyme, Tang people take law, Song people take meaning" and "Tang people use it with caution. He became the originator of painting teaching. There is an article "The Name of Calligraphy" in Zhang Tang Yanyuan's Book Spectrum, which is attached to the article "The Name of Ancient Able Calligraphy", and describes the pedigree of calligraphy teaching. There are 23 people. They are: Cai Yong passed it to Cui Yuan and his daughter (Yan), Moon Hee passed it to Zhong You, Zhong You passed it to Mrs. Wei, and Mrs. Wei passed it to Wang. " Looking back at Europe, Henan, Chu and Xue, they are all embarrassed by statutes. Is Lu Gong (Yan Zhenqing) off the rope! "Even so, the four major schools in the early Tang Dynasty also have their own characteristics. Yu Shinan inherited more characters than he created. We can find the source of his writing method from the works such as Noble Rock Statue in the Eastern Wei Dynasty. His pen is round and square. He is soft outside and hard inside, sharp-edged and dignified in appearance. Dong Qichang, a calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, said: "Yu Yongxing's book was once tasted, claiming to be enlightened by Taoism, and all the places he wrote were covered." "Wang Xizhi, Yu Shinan's font, beautiful but person, gentle manners, full of gas in spring and summer. "Yu Shinan and Zhiyong's words are basically harmonious and implicit. The zigzag is a little longer and more attractive. He used a medium round pen, which was both rigid and flexible. The tip is not cut, and the circle is uneven. The pen is not slow and uneven. Ou Yangxun's handwriting became a pen, and Yu Shinan became a pen. He just, because the foot of the word "ge" is not well written, so I left the word "ge" and asked Yu Shinan to make it up. Later, he showed the word to Wei Zhi. Wei Zhi said, "Now, only the words' Ge' and' Yan' are most similar to the south of the city." Emperor Taizong praised Wei Zhi's taste.
Both Yu Shinan and Ou Yangxun presided over calligraphy (one of the six national studies in the Tang Dynasty) and made special contributions to the teaching of brushwork. Yu Shinan teaches his nephew Lu Jianzhi to paint. Lu Jianzhi's "Wen Fu" and "Preface to Orchid Pavilion Collection" handed down from generation to generation are vivid and elegant, showing the charm of Yu Shinan. Yan Yuan, the son of family heirloom, said that Lu Yanyuan passed the regular script to his nephew Zhang Xu Zhang Xu. Yu Shinan replied: "I heard that he is 50,000 straight men. How can you do this? " Chu asked again, "What is Ou Yangxun?" I answered, "Don't choose paper or pen, just do whatever you want. How can you do this? " Chu sighed and said, "In that case, why pay more attention to this!" Yu replied, "If you use your hands and style, you will be precious if you meet your collaborators.". "Feng Ban's" Blunt Songs "said:" Learning Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is the same as illness. It is also good to learn from Liu's ancient place, and it is also good to be with Ou, Yu, Zhu and Xue. " It can be seen that Liu Gongquan also studied Yu Shu's calligraphy in Cai Xiang in the Song Dynasty. It's near the south of the city. Zhao Gou thinks that Yu Shu is a work of Emperor Taizong, so the word "min" and "yuan" are taboo. However, according to Chen Yuan's historical taboo, he thinks that calligraphy in Tang Dynasty is taboo. It was first seen in the first year of Ganfeng in Tang Gaozong (666). Yuan Jiesi Lin Zhiyong's Thousand-Character Works are collected in Shanghai Museum.