Calligraphy terminology
There are no more than four situations in which people's knowledge and actions overlap with each other: hidden knowledge and hidden actions, hidden knowledge and explicit actions, explicit knowledge and hidden actions, and explicit knowledge and explicit actions. Xing (just like the Yin and Yang in the Book of Changes are divided into four images: Dayin, Shaoyin, Dayang, and Shaoyang). These four situations are not independent of each other, but often coexist in one.
Hidden knowledge is instinctive, intuitive, and innate; latent knowledge is subconscious (latent, dormant within); explicit knowledge is acquired, and must be learned and then mastered; Manifestation is conscious, emanating from the outside and visible. Hidden knowledge and hidden actions do not require an external force, but explicit knowledge and actions require an external force. Therefore, it is easy to know and act secretly, but it is difficult to know and act openly. Hidden knowledge is not ignorance, but a small amount of knowledge; hidden practice is not non-action, but a small amount of action; explicit knowledge is not total knowledge, but something that is known; explicit action is not all action, but something done (each of the above sentences can be expanded Readers can understand it based on their own actual situation. Due to space limitations, it will not be discussed in another article.)
Hidden knowledge and hidden action, hidden knowledge and explicit action originate from the human heart, and are instinctive (instinct is eager to act after knowing. Hidden knowledge and explicit action means knowing and acting, knowing and doing are one); explicit knowledge and hidden action , manifest knowledge and manifest action originate from the Taoist heart, which is the basis of reason (reason focuses on knowledge before action. Manifest knowledge and manifest action also means knowing and acting immediately, and knowing and doing are unified). Hidden knowledge, hidden action, explicit knowledge and explicit action are the "unity of knowledge and action". However, both humans and animals can do the easiest things, such as knowing and acting secretly, such as feeling pain when touching a thorn. However, knowing and acting clearly is the most difficult thing. It is impossible for animals, but humans can do it, such as knowing their destiny with all their heart. Establishing talented people, “combining theory with practice” and so on. Hidden knowledge and explicit action means knowing first and then doing it. Knowing is easy and difficult to do. For example, knowing benevolence and righteousness is easy but doing it is difficult. "A three-year-old child can know it but an eighty-year-old man can't do it." , What is difficult is easy to do, for example, the process of scientific research is difficult, but once the research is successfully transformed into results, it is easy, etc. From implicit knowledge and hidden action to explicit knowledge and explicit action, it cannot be achieved without going through implicit knowledge and explicit action and explicit knowledge and hidden action. Explicit knowledge and explicit action is the "negation of negation" of implicit knowledge and hidden action, just like "at first sight, a mountain is a mountain; "Look at water as water, then see that mountains are not mountains, see water as not water, then see mountains as mountains, and see water as water."