Qin Shihuang (259 BC-265438 BC+00 BC) surnamed Zhao, also known as (Zheng) and, or Zulong, was the son of Wang Xiang of Qin Zhuang.
China is a famous politician, strategist and reformer in history, an iron-fisted politician who unified China, and the first monarch in China to be called the emperor.
Qin Shihuang was born in Handan (now Handan), the capital of Zhao State, and spent his youth here. In the first 247 years, 13 was king.
In the first 238 years, I was 22 years old, and I held the coronation ceremony of the monarch in Yongcheng, the old capital, and began to "manage state affairs personally", getting rid of Lv Buwei, Lao Ai and others, and reusing Reese and Liao Wei.
From 230 to 22 1 year, Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi were destroyed successively. At the age of 39, he completed the great cause of reunifying China, established a powerful centralized country with the Han nationality as the main body, and laid the territory of China.
Qin Shihuang thought his contribution was better than that of the previous Three Emperors and Five Emperors, and adopted the titles of "Emperor" and "Emperor" of Huang San. He was the first monarch to use the title of "Emperor" in the history of China, so he called himself "the first emperor".
At the same time, the central government implements three public officials and nine ministers to manage state affairs. The enfeoffment system was abolished at the local level and replaced by the county system. At the same time, books are written in the same language and cars are on the same track. Unified measurement. Attacking Xiongnu in the north, conquering Baiyue in the south, building the Great Wall of Wan Li, building Lingqu and connecting the water system.
However, in the later period, seeking immortals, entrapping the people and killing their wisdom shook the ruling foundation of the Qin Dynasty. 2 10 years ago, Qin Shihuang died in Xingtai sand dune on his way eastward.
2. Wu Zetian
Wu Zetian (65438+ 16 February, 624-705), whose real name was Wu zhào, was born in Wenshui, Wenzhou (now Wenshui, Shanxi). The only orthodox female emperor in the history of China (reigned from 690 to 705) is also one of the emperors with the oldest enthronement age (67 years old) and the longest life span (82 years old). Together with Lv Hou, she was called "Lv Wu" in the Han Dynasty.
Wu Zetian is the second daughter of Wu Shihuo, the secretariat of Jingzhou. He entered the harem at the age of fourteen and was a talented person of Emperor Taizong. He was named "Wu Mei". Tang Gaozong was named Zhao Yi, then the queen, and was honored as the "queen of heaven", and was also called "double saint" with Emperor Gaozong. After the death of Emperor Gaozong, he became the empress dowager of Tang Zhongzong and Tang Ruizong.
In the first year of God's Grant (690), Wu Zetian established herself as emperor, changed her country name to Zhou, made Luoyang her capital, and established Wu Zhou. Before and after the reign of Wu Zetian, the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty was massacred, and "cruel officialdom politics" arose.
However, she is "observant and good at judging", with more power and less power, and can use people. Reward agriculture and mulberry, reform official management, attach importance to talent selection, and make talents come forth in large numbers. In his later years, he gradually became extravagant and arbitrary, and gradually degenerated.
In the first year of Shenlong (705), Wu Zetian was seriously ill, and Prime Minister Zhang Jianzhi launched the "Shenlong Revolution" to support the restoration of Tang Zhongzong and forced him to abdicate. After the restoration of the Tang Dynasty, Zhongzong was honored as the "Emperor of Heaven".
In the same year 1 1 month, Wu Zetian died in shangyang palace at the age of 82. In accordance with his last wish, Zhongzong changed his name to "Zetian Tiansheng Empress" and was buried in Ganling as Empress [5]? . Later, she became the "Tianshun Saint Queen".
3. Wang Xizhi
Wang Xizhi (303-36 1, 32 1-379), a calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was called the "Book Sage". Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong Province) was born, then moved to Huiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) Yin Shan, and lived in seclusion in Jinting County in his later years. Successive secretary, general Ningyuan, Jiangzhou secretariat, later literature and history records, right general.
His calligraphy is good at calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy. The style is peaceful and natural, the brushwork is euphemistic and subtle, and it is beautiful.
The masterpiece Preface to Lanting is known as "the best running script in the world". In the history of calligraphy, he and his son Wang Xianzhi were called "two kings".
4. Li Bai
Li Bai (70 1-762), whose real name is Taibai, also known as "purple laity" and "fallen fairy", was a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty, and was praised as "poetic fairy" by later generations, and was also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. In order to distinguish himself from two other poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai merged again.
According to the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Li Bai is the ninth grandson of Gui Li, the king of Liang, and he is a descendant of all kings. He is cheerful and generous, loves to drink and write poems, and likes to make friends.
Li Bai was deeply influenced by Huang Lao's idea of sorting out villages. Li Taibai's poems have been handed down from generation to generation, and most of his poems were written when he was drunk. His representative works include Looking at Lushan Waterfall, it is hard to go, Difficult Road to Shu, Entering Wine, Liang, The First Building of Baidicheng, etc.
There were biographies of Li Bai's Ci and Fu in the Song Dynasty (such as Wen Ying's Xiang Ji). As far as its pioneering significance and artistic achievements are concerned, Li Bai's Ci Fu enjoys a high status.
5. Zhang Hong
Zhang Hong (later 1577- 1652) was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. His real name was Du Jun, No.1 Hejian, and his father was Paintings of Ming Dynasty. Good at painting landscapes, attaching importance to sketching, steep brushwork, wet pen and ink, mountainous mountains, deep autumn valleys, and ancient meanings of Yuan people;
He painted a stone surface characterized by dyeing and dyeing combination. His freehand brushwork figures, both in form and spirit, are the backbone of the Wumen painting circle in the late Ming Dynasty, and Wuzhong scholars stay away from them.
He found a new way in literati landscape painting, innovated on the basis of inheriting the characteristics of Wu Pai's painting style, imitated nature, and created paintings full of life breath, which reflected the spiritual realm of the other, with fresh and elegant pictures and ethereal artistic conception.
Representative works include: Qixia Mountain map, floating blue warm dishes map, hanging sword map of Yanling Mountain, West Liangshan Mountain map and so on.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhang Hong
Baidu encyclopedia-Li Bai
Baidu encyclopedia-Wang Xizhi
Baidu Encyclopedia-Wu Zetian
Baidu encyclopedia-Qin Shihuang