Run the script:
I. Origin
1. Introduction:
Running script is produced on the basis of regular script, which is a font between regular script and cursive script. It came into being to make up for the slow writing speed of regular script and the illegible cursive script. "Line" means "line", so it is not as scribbled as cursive script, nor as correct as regular script. Whether it is cursive or cursive in essence. Cursive script is more called "running script" than cursive script.
2. Origin: There are two versions of the origin of the running script:
1. According to Zhang Huai's "Book End", "Calligraphers were created by Liu Desheng in Yingchuan, the later Han Dynasty, that is, they made mistakes in books, so they were called running books." Therefore, it is known that "running script" is transformed from "official script".
Secondly, according to Wang Sengqian's Book Title of Ancient Energy, "The book of Zhong You has three bodies: the book of the stone is the best; Second, the articles of association, secretary, primary school teacher; On the third day, calligraphy was written online, and those who heard it were also. In Hedong, Wei Shou raised it and participated in it with Kaifa, which was a draft. The draft is also the calligraphy of the bank. " Therefore, running script is also called running script. It was originally developed from drawing lines and signing contracts. People who heard about it took exams in calligraphy and letters.
Two. characteristic
1. Pen features
Running script is a writing style between regular script and cursive script. More unrestrained, mobile, close to cursive. Writing is relatively correct and fluent, close to the standard of regular script.
In the process of writing, the brush strokes are obviously manifested in various forms of stippling. This kind of brushwork often leaves a subtle trace between stippling and word-to-word, which is the tie line.
Running script is the quick writing of regular script, and it is the stream of regular script. Through the analysis of several groups of regular script and running script, it is found that when writing regular script and running script, the writing method of stippling and the principles that should be followed when using the pen, such as centering, spreading, pushing the subject and hiding the front, etc. They are all the same, but the running script is more smooth and smooth.
Running script pen has the following characteristics:
1. stippling mostly exposes the front side of the paper to write;
2. Replace flatness with flat edge;
3. Replace complicated stippling with simple strokes;
4. Strengthen the echo of stippling with hooks, picks and knots;
5. Replace the square fold with a round fold;
2. Structural characteristics
All sizes are available. That is, each word presents a different size, and there is a pen-to-pen connection of a word. The connection between words is both true and intentional, and there are breaks and connections. I look forward to echoing.
The combination of contraction and extension. Generally, the short line is retracted and the long line is extended; Back and front, side and front; Most of them are left hand, right hand, upper right hand and lower left hand, but they can also be converted to each other.
The density is right. Generally, it is dense on the top and sparse on the bottom, dense on the left and sparse on the right, and dense on the inside and sparse on the outside. The middle palace is compact, the white space in the box is as small as possible, and the white space of the circled strokes is as small as possible. On the layout, the word spacing is tight, the line spacing is wide, vigorous and powerful, and the colors are bright.
Mixed tones. Running script writing should be easy, lively and quick, and master the combination of disease and slow, dynamic and static. The arrangement of ink color should be that the first word is thick and the last word is dry. Lines should be long, thin and short, with appropriate thickness and alternating shades.
Three. develop
Running script and eight-part essay appeared almost at the same time, and its form was very close to that of eight-part essay and later official script. This is equivalent to changing (chapter) cursive script from official script-another branch is derived from "regular script" Besides official script, the regular script in Huan Ling Chao is followed by the eight-part essay, so people think that the running script is also an eight-part essay. As long as the eight-part essay is written with other calligraphy, it will become a running script, which can be seen everywhere in bamboo slips unearthed in the late Han Dynasty. At the end of Han Dynasty, running script was not widely used. It was not until the appearance of Wang Xizhi in Jin Dynasty that it became popular. Running script reached Wang Xizhi's hand, combining practicality and artistry perfectly, creating a colorful South School running script art and becoming the most influential work in the history of calligraphy.
In italics:
I. Origin
Regular script, also called regular script, regular script, regular script or original script, is a common font in China's calligraphy. Its font is square, not as flat as that written in official script. Regular script is still the reference standard of modern Chinese handwriting, and another kind of handwriting-pen character has also developed.
Its characteristics are: square, straight pen, can be used as a model, hence the name. Began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. There are many famous calligraphers, such as Ou Ti (Ou Yangxun), Yu Ti (Yu Shinan), Yan Ti (Yan Zhenqing), Liu Ti (Liu Gongquan) and Zhao Ti (attached middle school).
Two. characteristic
1. Pay attention to the pen.
Pen regular script strokes are Teton, Hidden Dew, Fiona Fang, Fast and Slow, etc. Different strokes produce lines with different shapes and textures, and different lines need different strokes. Pen regular script font is small, and the line thickness does not change much. If you are not careful when writing, the strokes will not meet the requirements, and the strokes will be weak and rigid. Therefore, you must undergo strict training to master strokes.
Step 2 clear strokes
Pen regular script should be clearly explained in terms of the starting and closing of each stroke, neat and standardized, clean and tidy, and should not be scribbled or adhered. However, there must be an internal echo relationship between strokes, so that strokes can be neat, clear and firm, stop constantly, straight but not stiff, curved but not weak, smooth and natural.
3. Structural integrity
Pen regular script emphasizes balanced distribution of strokes and radicals, stable center of gravity, appropriate proportion, correct and standardized font. The characters should be arranged together, with symmetrical sizes and neat lines. Although there are some irregular changes in form, it is still relatively neat on the whole.
Three. develop
1. Song Xuanhe's genealogy: "When there was Wang Cizhong in the early Han Dynasty, the official script was a regular script." People think that regular script evolved from ancient Chinese characters. The strokes of regular script are concise and must be like branches of regular script.
2. Early official handwriting was still rare, with a slightly wider structure, long horizontal painting and short vertical painting. In Wei Jinzhong handed down from ancient times, such as Zhong You's Declaration Form (left), Ji's Recommendation Form, Wang Xizhi's Le Yi Lun and Huang Tingjing can all be regarded as representative works.
3. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the North and the South split, and calligraphy was divided into two factions. The Northern School has a legacy of Han Li and a brushwork of Gu Zhuo, but its style is simple and rigorous, and it is longer than the list of books. This is the so-called Weibei Nanpai calligraphy, which is thinner, more beautiful and longer than letters.
4. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, because of regional differences, personal habits and book styles were very different. There is no difference between strong books in the north and rich books in the south. However, Bao and Kang Youwei spoke highly of the books of the two dynasties, especially the inscriptions of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Kang cited ten beauties to emphasize the advantages of Weibei.
The regular script in Tang Dynasty, like the prosperity of the national situation in Tang Dynasty, is really unprecedented. The characters are mature, and calligraphers come forth in large numbers. In the aspect of regular script, Yu Shinan, Ou Yangxun, Chu Suiliang in the early Tang Dynasty, Yan Zhenqing in the middle Tang Dynasty and Liu Gongquan in the late Tang Dynasty were all valued by later generations and regarded as models for learning Chinese characters.
1. Every stroke of regular script is standardized, and there is no connection between strokes. The main points of writing regular script are: a, first of all, we must master the characteristics of each basic stroke; B, pay attention to the layout of the bookshelf structure and the insertion and avoidance of strokes; C, intentional pen first, have answers;
2. Running script: As the ancients said, wiping is like standing, walking is like walking, and grass is like flying. Running script is a little faster on the basis of regular script, and the strokes are tied because they run faster, so the relationship between strokes is more obvious. Just like a standing person (limbs are still) starts to walk (limbs swing with the echo).