Celebrities in my hometown
My hometown is in Shanxi, and there are many celebrities.
Over the past two thousand years, batches of famous figures have emerged in this ancient land. Among them are the famous monarch Jin Wengong, my country's only female emperor Wu Zetian, the outstanding materialist thinker Xun Kuang, the famous politicians Lin Xiangru, Di Renjie, Bi Shi'an, Tian Chengrui, Yang Shenxiu, and the famous military strategists and generals Lian Po and Wei Qing. , Huo Qubing, Guan Yu, Xue Rengui, Yang Ye, famous writers, artists and scholars Wang Bo, Wang Zhihuan, Wang Wei, Wang Changling, Liu Zongyuan, Bai Juyi, Sima Guang, Mi Fu, Bai Pu, Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Luo Guanzhong, Fu Shan, Yan Ruoquan , cartographer Pei Xiu, Huang Huang expert Jia Lu... They were like brilliant stars in the long history, emitting dazzling light, exerting a positive influence on the society at that time, and leaving a precious legacy to future generations.
Chong'er (697 BC - 628 BC), the king of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period, was Duke Wen of Jin, who reigned from 636 BC to 628 BC. Born to Duke Xian's concubine Hu Ji (Rong clan), she was exiled for nineteen years due to Li Ji's rebellion. Later, Duke Mu of Qin sent troops to escort her back to the country and was established as the king of Jin. He reused Hu Yan, Zhao Shui and others to work together to revise internal affairs, rectify laws and disciplines, and enhance war preparedness. He also called on the princes to be diligent in the king's work, put an end to the chaos among the princes and leaders of the Zhou Dynasty, welcomed King Xiang's restoration, and established political prestige. Later, he engaged the Chu army in Chengpu (now Linpu Ji, Juancheng, Shandong), lured the enemy deep into the army, and defeated the Chu army. Xuan was in Jiantu (today's southwest of Yuanyang, Henan), where he led the alliance with the princes. The emperor of Zhou also participated in it and appointed him as "Bohou" (overlord).
Lian Po was a general of Zhao during the Warring States Period. During the reign of King Huiwen, he defeated Qi and worshiped him as Shangqing. Later, he defeated Qi and Wei many times and made great achievements in annihilating the enemy. He was famous among the princes for his bravery and good fighting skills. Qin and Zhao fought for Shangdang in Changping (now north of Gaoping, Shanxi). He commanded the army and built walls to hold on to the stalemate for three years. In 251 BC, he defeated the Yan army, became prime minister, and wrote to Pingjun. In his later years, he became depressed and frustrated, so he fled to Wei in anger. Later, he left Wei Shichu and died in Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui).
Lin Xiangru was a minister of the State of Zhao during the Warring States Period. The person who was originally an eunuch ordered him to give up his life. When King Huiwen was king, he was envoyed to report to Qin. He argued with reason in court and dealt with tact, and finally returned the jade to Zhao intact. In 279 BC, Qin and Zhao met in Mianchi. He followed Xiaocheng as king, rebuked the powerful Qin, and did not disgrace the state. He is appointed as a minister based on his merits and ranks above those who are honest and honest. Because he was good at being humble and patient for the sake of the country, Lian Po was moved. He carried a bush to plead guilty, and became acquaintances of having his neck cut to pieces.
Zhao Dun, the chief minister of the Jin Dynasty during the Spring and Autumn Period, was Zhao Xuanzi, the son of Zhao Shuai. In 621 BC, he came to power in the Jin State. He was frugal and dedicated to the public affairs, and paid attention to the improvement of political discipline. He greatly achieved peace among the people. He also used eight hundred chariots to quell the chaos in Zhou Dynasty and established King Kuang. In 607 BC, Duke Linggong of Jin tried to murder him, so he took refuge and ran away. Before he could cross the border, Duke Linggong was killed. He returned to the court to be crowned Duke and continued to govern.
Dong Hu, a historian of the Jin Dynasty in the Spring and Autumn Period, was also known as Shi Hu. In 607 BC, Zhao Chuan, a younger brother of Zhao Dun, attacked and killed Jin Linggong in Taoyuan. He believed that Zhao Dun, as a high official, "will not leave the country if he dies, and will bring chaos to the country if he returns", so he could not escape the blame for his crime, so he wrote "Zhao Dun Killed" His Majesty" to set the record straight. Confucius praised it as "a good history of ancient times" because of its "calligraphy is not hidden".
Baili Xi, a senior official of the Qin State during the Spring and Autumn Period. He was poor when he was young and begged for food in Qi. He once made a living by raising cattle and later became Doctor Yu. Duke Xian of Jin destroyed Yu, captured him, made him a dowry concubine, and escorted him to Qin. He escaped on the way and was captured by the people of Chu. Duke Mu of Qin redeemed him with five black sheep skins, so he was called "Five Sheep Doctor". When he was more than seventy years old, he recommended his old friend Uncle Jian to Duke Mu of Qin to serve in the government.
Meng Mingshi, a doctor of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period, Baili Xizi. In 627 BC, under the orders of Duke Mu of Qin, he, together with Xiqi Shu and Bai Yibing (both Jian's uncles), attacked Zheng and Mie Hua (southeast of today's Yanshi, Henan). When they passed through Xiaoshan (east of today's Mianchi, Henan) on their way back, they were attacked by the Jin. The army ambushed and all three generals were captured. After he was released and returned to his country, Duke Mu still ignored the past and was reinstated as before, and he was treated with great courtesy. He took great care to avenge his shame. Three years later, he sent his troops to attack Jin again, crossed the river and burned the boats, defeating the Jin people.
Yu Rang was a retainer of the Jin Zhi family in the late Spring and Autumn Period. The first descendants were Fan and Zhongxing, and then Zhibo, who was highly respected and favored. Later, the three families of Han, Zhao and Wei destroyed the Zhi family and divided up their territory. He changed his name and surname, painted his body and swallowed charcoal, and waited for an opportunity to assassinate Zhao Xiangzi to avenge his master. Xiangzi crosses the bridge. He lay down under the bridge to stab Xiangzi, but his horse was frightened, so he was arrested. He stated his motive frankly, asked Xiangzi to undress, drew his sword and struck the clothes to avenge him, and then he fell on his sword and died.
Xun Kuang (ca. 313 BC - 238 BC), a thinker in the late Warring States Period. Also known as Xunqing (in the Han Dynasty, he avoided the taboo of Emperor Xuan and was renamed Sunqing), a native of Zhao. In the differentiation of Confucianism, it represents the force of innovation. He held sacrifices to wine for three terms in Jixia. He once visited the State of Qin for inspection and met Fan Sui; later he went to the State of Zhao to discuss military affairs with King Xiaocheng. In his later years, at the call of King Chun Shen of Chu, he was appointed to Lanling (now southwest of Cangshan, Shandong) and wrote books until he was old. Its scholarship originated from Confucianism, but it absorbed and melted the progressive thoughts and doctrines of the time. In terms of the view of heaven, it puts forward the view that heaven and man are divided, and that man can conquer nature, emphasizing "controlling the destiny of heaven and using it"; in terms of epistemology, it puts forward the view that "knowledge is more important than knowledge" and emphasizes that the "officials of heaven" must have universal contact with things in order to Achieve "collecting knowledge" and "demystifying", and correctly play the role of "Heavenly Lord"; in the theory of "rectification of names", we put forward the viewpoint of "making names to control reality", emphasizing that "names" must be "conventionally established" and need to be experienced The test of social practice. Regarding the issue of human nature, it is believed that "a gentleman is a villain because of his talent and ability", and the "original" expression of "simple talent" is "evil". In order to change the "evil" and adopt the "good", we must "change our nature to become false". He particularly emphasized the "transformative" role of "ritual" and believed that "ritual is the most important part of the law." Only by "prolonging the rites to the law" and incorporating the law into Confucianism can the realization of the "kingly way" be guaranteed. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" contains thirty-two chapters of "Sun Qingzi", of which the following six chapters are "Daliue", which may be entrusted to future generations.
Li Mu (? 1st 228), a general of Zhao State at the end of the Warring States Period. Good at using troops. During the reign of King Xiang, he stationed his troops in the north to resist the Xiongnu, and defeated Donghu (in the southern part of Inner Mongolia today) and Linhu (near Hohhot in Inner Mongolia today). He accumulated military exploits and gained military morale. In 233 BC, Qin attacked Chili and Yi'an, and he fought back and defeated the Thai army in Feida. The next year, the Qin army crossed the Taihang Mountains and attacked Fanwu (now Pingshan, Hebei), but was defeated by him again. In the Unification War, after Qin destroyed Han, it turned to attack Zhao. He and Sima Shang led their troops to block the attack and maintained a stalemate for a year. Qin bribed King Zhao's favorite minister Guo Kai, falsely accused him of rebellion, and was killed. Three months later, Zhao was destroyed by Qin.
Ji Xin (? - 204 BC), a native of Zhaocheng (now Hongdong County), was a general of Liu Bang's uprising army in the late Qin Dynasty. When Xiang Yu besieged Xingyang City, he sacrificed his life on Liu Bang's behalf, freeing Liu Bang from the siege and turning defeat into victory.
Zhidu was born in Dayang, Hedong (now Pinglu County) in the Western Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, he was an attendant of the emperor, and during the reign of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, he was promoted to the commander of the emperor's bodyguards. He is an upright official, selfless, strict in enforcing the law, and is known for his courage to give direct advice.
Wei Zifu (? - 90 BC), empress of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was a native of Pingyang, Hedong (now southwest of Linfen, Shanxi). She was originally a singing prostitute in Princess Pingyang's family. In 128 BC, she gave birth to a violent prince and was made queen. In the third year of Zhenghe (90 BC), due to the disaster of "witchcraft", Prince Li committed suicide after failing to raise an army. She could not understand that she was sentenced to death.
Wei Qing (? - 106 BC), a famous general in the Western Han Dynasty. The courtesy name is Zhongqing, a native of Pingyang, Hedong Province, and the younger brother of Empress Wei. At first, he was a slave of Princess Pingyang. Later, he was promoted to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He was promoted to a general and was granted the title of Chang Pinghou. In the second year of Yuanshou (127 BC), he led his army to defeat the Xiongnu and regained Hetao. In the fourth year of Yuanshou (119 BC), he and Huo Qubing went deep into Mobei and defeated the main force of the Xiongnu again. He attacked the Xiongnu seven times, stopped the plundering of the Xiongnu nobles, and stabilized the northern counties.
Huo Qubing (140 BC - 117 BC), a famous general in the Western Han Dynasty. He was born in Pingyang, Hedong Province, and was the nephew of Wei Qing. He rose to the rank of General of Hussars, the title of Grand Champion, and later the Grand Sima. In the second year of Yuanshou (121 BC), he led his troops to defeat the Xiongnu twice, captured more than 40,000 people, controlled the four counties in Hexi, and opened up a corridor to the Western Regions. Four years later, he and Wei Qing went deep into Mobei and defeated the main force of the Huns. Emperor Wu once built a mansion for him. He said, "The Huns are not destroyed, so there is no place for them to live." When he died of illness, he was only twenty-four years old.
Huo Guang (? - 68 BC), a politician in the Western Han Dynasty. His courtesy name was Zimeng, a native of Pingyang, Hedong (now southwest of Linfen, Shanxi). He is the sick brother of General Huo Qu. During the reign of Emperor Wu, he lived in Fengche Duwei. Together with Sang Hongyang, he received the posthumous edict and established Emperor Zhao as his heir. He was assisted by the Grand Sima and the General. Feng Bo Lu Hou. After the death of Emperor Zhao, Liu He, king of Changyi, was made emperor. Soon after he was deposed, Emperor Xuan was made emperor. He was in power for twenty years before and after. In the sixth year of the First Yuan Dynasty (81 BC), in the name of Emperor Zhao, he ordered Prime Minister Tian Zhongqiu and imperial censor Sang Hongyang to convene a meeting of the Yantie Official Camp with more than 60 virtuous literary people. The present book "Salt and Iron Theory" is the on-site record of Huan Kuan, a participant.
Feng Fengshi (? - 39 BC), a general in the Western Han Dynasty, whose courtesy name was Ziming. A native of Shangdang Lu (now northeast of Lucheng, Shanxi Province), at the end of Emperor Wu's reign, he was promoted to the rank of Lang as a son of a good family.
During the reign of Emperor Zhao, he used his merits to supplement Wu Anchang. Later he lost his official position. When he was more than thirty years old, he studied "Spring and Autumn" and the art of war. After being read by former general Han Zeng, he became the commander of the army. In the beginning, he joined the army to attack the Xiongnu. After the army was over, he became a man again. During the reign of Emperor Xuan, he was the official of Guanglu and the captain of Shuiheng. He once went to Dawan as an envoy, led his troops to defeat Yarkand, and became the right general to vassal the country. Later, he was awarded Guang Luxun, General of the Left, for his military merits and was granted the title of Marquis of Guan Nei.
Yin Wenggui (? - 62 BC), a native of Linfen, was a famous official in the Western Han Dynasty, known for his uprightness and integrity. It is known for its strict law enforcement and social order management.
Zhang Chang (? - 48 BC), a native of Linfen, was a minister during the reign of Emperor Xuan of the Western Han Dynasty. He is famous for his good governance and good management of social order.
Ban Jieyu (about 48 BC - 6 BC) was from Loufan (now Shuo County) in the Western Han Dynasty. Jieyu was the name of a female official (concubine) in the Western Han Dynasty. Ban Jieyu was Ban Gu's aunt. She was talented, learned, and good at poetry and poetry. When she first came to the throne as emperor, she was selected into the harem. She was initially a young envoy and later became Jieyu. Soon after, Zhao Feiyan was favored, and she was afraid of disaster and asked to support the Queen Mother. Emperor Cheng allowed her to serve in Changxin Palace. He wrote "Ode to Self-mourning", "Ode to Tamsu" and "Ode to Songs of Resentment", etc., which expressed the depression in the palace.
Guo Tai (128-169), a famous scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was named Lin Zong and was born in Jiexiu. He comes from a poor family, is rarely eager to learn, is good at conversation, and has extensive knowledge of ancient books. He tried to visit Luoyang and was appreciated by Yin Liying of Henan Province, so they became friendly with him. He was admired by the students of Taipei University and became famous in the capital for a time. Later, when he returned to his hometown, he was summoned by the government, but he refused. When the party was suppressed, he taught behind closed doors and had thousands of disciples. In the second year of Jianning, he died at home. More than a thousand people from all over the world gathered for his burial. Like-minded people carved stones and erected monuments, and Cai Yong wrote an essay for him.
Wang Yun (137-192), a minister in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The courtesy name is Zishi, a native of Taiyuan Qi (now Qi County). He rarely has great ambitions, but he is diligent in learning and reciting scriptures and poems, and never forgets to shoot day and night. At the age of 19, he became a county official and once hunted and killed eunuchs. During the reign of Emperor Ling, he served as the governor of Yuzhou and participated in the suppression of the Yellow Turban uprising. When Emperor Ling died, he went to mourn in the capital. At that time, the general He Jin wanted to kill the eunuchs and made plans with them. He was appointed as a Zhongzhonglang and transferred to Henan Yin. Emperor Xian ascended the throne, served as a servant, and moved to Shangshu Ling and Situ. Later, he conspired with Lu Bu to kill Dong Zhuo. Soon after, he was killed by Zhuo tribe generals Li Que and Guo Si.
Diao Chan, a native of Bingzhou County (now Xinzhou) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was elected to the palace at the age of fifteen and was in charge of the Diao Chan (hair ornaments worn by court officials in the Han Dynasty) crown. At the end of the Han Dynasty, she was adopted as an adopted daughter by Wang Yun. She used a series of tricks to turn Lu Bu and Dong Zhuo against each other, and then returned to Lu Bu. Later it was said that he was killed by Guan Yu, and also said that he was killed by Cao Cao.
Lu Bu (? - 198), named Fengxian, was a native of Dingxiang. He was famous for his bravery and was good at bow and arrow. He was nicknamed "Flying General". Ding Yuan was the governor of Bingzhou for the first time. Dong Zhuo entered the capital. In order to kill Yuan and his soldiers, he was bribed by Dong Zhuo and killed Yuan Gui Zhuo, and was appointed as the Cavalry Commander. Later, he conspired with Wang Yun to murder Zhuo, was appointed as General Fenwei, and was granted the title of Marquis of Wen. He separatized Xuzhou and was killed by Cao Cao in the third year of Jian'an. His story spread among the people and became a typical example of brave, foolhardy and capricious people.
Guan Yu (?——219), Liu Bei’s general during the Three Kingdoms period. Zi Yunchang, a native of Hedong Jie (now Yuncheng, Shanxi), fled to Zhuo County at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, Liu Bei was recruiting disciples in the countryside. He and Zhang Fei surrendered and pledged their lives to each other. Before the Battle of Guandu, Cao Cao divided his troops to march eastward and defeated Liu Bei. He was captured and worshiped by Cao Cao as a partial general and granted the title of Hou Tinghou of the Han Dynasty. Later, he still surrendered to Liu Bei and guarded Jingzhou. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219), Liu Bei became the king of Hanzhong and appointed him as a former general. He led his troops to besiege Cao Ren in Fancheng, surrendered to Jin, and killed Pang De. The north was shaken, and Cao Cao planned to move the capital to avoid his attack. Soon, Sun Quan attacked Jingzhou. He was defeated and killed because of his pride and underestimation of the enemy.
Zhang Liao (165-222), courtesy name Wenyuan, was born in Mayi, Yanmen (now Shuo County) during the Three Kingdoms period. He was rarely a county official. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ding Yuan, the governor of Bingzhou, was engaged in military affairs due to his extraordinary force. He surrendered to Cao Cao and became one of his five famous generals. He was appointed Zhonglang General and given the title of Marquis of Guannai. Because of his military exploits, he moved to serve as general Bi and attacked Yuan Shang's brothers and Wuhuan. In the 20th year of Jian'an (215), Sun Quan attacked Hefei. He led more than 800 dead soldiers, bravely attacked, defeated the Wu army, and paid homage to General Zhengdong. Later he led the army to attack Wu and died in the army.
Xu Huang (?——227), Yu Gongming, was from Yang County, Pingyang County (southeast of today's Hongdong County). During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao Jian was one of the five famous generals who eliminated the separatist forces and unified the north.
Jia Kui (173-228), whose courtesy name was Liangdao, was born in Xiangling, Hedong (now Xiangfen County). He was a statesman and military strategist during the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms. He was loyal to Cao Wei throughout his life.
Jia Chong (217-282), a minister of the Western Jin Dynasty, was born in Xiangling, Pingyang (now Xiangfen). In the late Cao Wei Dynasty, he served as the right chief historian of the Sima family, instructing Cheng Ji to kill Wei Emperor Cao Mao and participate in military and state secrets. In the early Jin Dynasty, he successively held the positions of Sikong, Shizhong, Shangshuling, and Taiwei. In the fourth year of Taishi (268), he presided over the deletion of criminal documents and the formulation of the "Jin Code". His daughter Jia Nanfeng was the concubine of Prince Sima Zhong, and the other daughter was the concubine of Qi Wang Sima You, so they were deeply favored. He tried his best to oppose the invasion of Wu, but Sima Yan was still appointed as the governor and was forced to accept the appointment.
Jia Nanfeng (256-300), empress of Emperor Hui of the Western Jin Dynasty. A native of Xiangling (now Xiangfen) in Pingyang, the daughter of Jia Chong was jealous, fierce and deceitful. After Emperor Hui came to the throne, he wanted to dominate the government. He secretly ordered Chu Wang Wei and others to go to Beijing and killed the auxiliary minister Yang Jun, Runan Wang Liang, Wei Guan, etc., implicating thousands of people. He also killed Chu Wang Wei for the crime of pretending to kill without permission, and provoked A great melee broke out within the clan, known in history as the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings". She used Zhang Hua, Pei Gu and others to rule for several years, and was later killed by Sima Lun, King of Zhao.
Liu Yuan (?——310), the founder of the Han Dynasty during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, reigned from 304 to 310. Yuanhai, named Yuanhai, was born in Xinxing (today's Xinzhou City) Xiongnu nobles. He lived in Luoyang when he was young and socialized with famous Confucian officials. After his father Bao died, he attacked the left commander of the Xiongnu and served as General Jianwei and the commander-in-chief of the five major Xiongnu tribes. During the Eight Kings Rebellion, Chengdu King Sima Ying wanted to mobilize the five tribes for reinforcements and sent him back to Bingzhou. In the first year of Yuanxi (304), Yu Lishi raised an army to rebel against the Jin Dynasty. He claimed to be the Great Chanyu, the throne of the Han Dynasty. He attacked various places in Bingzhou, annexed Wang Mi, Shi Le and other tribes, and drove away Sima Teng, the governor of Bingzhou. In the fifth year, he proclaimed himself emperor and changed the Yuan Dynasty, established his capital in Pingyang (now Linfen), and launched an attack on Luoyang, the capital of Jin. He died of illness soon after.
Sun Sheng, the year of birth and death is unknown. A native of Zhongdu, Taiyuan (now Pingyao). An atheist in the Eastern Jin Dynasty once refuted the Buddhist idea of ??"immortality of gods". He is the author of "Wei Shi Chun Qiu", "Jin Yang Qiu", etc.
Guo Pu (276-324), courtesy name Jingchun, was a well-known scholar in Hedong Province and famous for his poems and poems. He once commented on "Erya", "Dialect", "Chu Ci", etc. , was a famous exegete and important writer in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Wen Qiao (288-329) was a native of Qi County, Taiyuan (now Qi County) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At the beginning, he attacked Shi Le from Liu Kun and planned for him. Sima Rui was also on the left side of Zhenjiang. He was ordered by Kun to go south to persuade the army to advance. He was retained, involved in secrets, and was highly relied on.
Shi Le (274-333), the founder of Later Zhao during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, reigned from 319-333. A native of Shangdang Wuxiang (north of Yushe County), he belongs to the Jie clan, and his father and ancestors were both tribal marshals. When he was young, he farmed and sold, and made a poor living. Sima Teng, the governor of Bingzhou, plundered and sold him into slavery in Changping, Shandong. Later, he and the horse herding commander Ji Sang rebelled against the Jin Dynasty. When Sang was killed, he defected to Liu Yuan and became the general of Andong. He moved to Ji, Bing, and You areas, and merged with Wang Mi, Wang Jun and other tribes, gradually forming a separatist force. In the second year of Guangchu (319), he occupied Xiangguo (today's Xingtai, Hebei Province) in the north and was called the King of Zhao. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he tried his best to improve the status of the Jie people. Confucianism and Buddhism were promoted to stabilize the post-Zhao regime. In the second year of Taihe (329), he conquered the former Zhao State and controlled most of the Central Plains. He proclaimed himself emperor the following year and died of illness soon after.