1. the origin of Liu's surname
1. the root of Liu's surname
from the perspective of the glyph structure, the word "Liu" is a pictophonetic character, which is "from gold, from knife and from Mao". From the point of view of philology, among the three components that constitute the word "Liu", "Mao" is the phonetic symbol of Liu, representing the pronunciation of Liu; "Gold" and "knife" are the semantic symbols of Liu Zi, representing the meaning of Liu Zi. According to the law of etymology, we conclude that the original meaning of Liu Zi is related to knife and metal. The original and fundamental meaning of the word "Liu" refers to a kind of tomahawk. In the oldest Chinese handed down document "Shangshu", there are records about Liu's weapon. There is a saying in Gu Ming in Shangshu that "one man holds Liu crown and stands in Dongtang".
why did our ancestors choose the name of Liu as the emblem (surname) of their blood? It turns out that the axe and the graupel once had an extremely great role and significance. According to the theory of cultural anthropology, the important sign that human beings bid farewell to apes and evolve from animals to humans is that people can make tools. Axe-hammer is one of the most primitive and oldest tools created by human beings. Liu is also one of the primitive axes (or, in a primitive clan, they called the axes Liu).
Of course, the most primitive Liu (or the most primitive axe) is not made of metal, but made of stone; They may be extremely rough and crude at first, and they are not as sharp as the axes people see today. This can be seen from the archaeological discovery of a large number of stone axes used by primitive humans. However, in the childhood of human society, human beings rely on Liu, a rough and primitive stone tool, to cut through thorns, cut down forest trees, reclaim wasteland and grow crops; It is also with this stone tool that people have been able to resist the attack of wild animals and kill their prey. In a later period, Liu became an important weapon in the early wars of primitive humans. At this time, the axe is also called the tomahawk because it is used in war, and Liu is a kind of tomahawk. Especially before human beings invented bows and spears, Liu was the most lethal weapon among human weapons. Liu is the most common and basic tool for human survival, and it is also a tool for human beings to create civilization.
When tracing back to the origin of human history, China people often describe it this way: "Since Pangu opened the world ...". It was a magical axe that Pangu used to create the universe and the world, that is, Liu. You see, the original axe-Liu, how sacred and powerful it is!
Primitive Chinese tribes spread from Central Asia to Kunlun Mountain, then separated from Tibet and Burma in Gansu, occupied Fenwei River Basin eastward, and finally occupied the western part of North China Plain, making the local indigenous people (Mongols) submit. One clan of these Han ancestors settled in Liuyi (now Tangxian County, Hebei Province). In the course of conquering nature and social experience, they fully realized and realized the sacred function and great power of this tool, so they used Liulai as the totem of the clan and began to worship it. Over time, Liu became the consanguineous emblem that distinguished this clan from other clans, and was gradually recognized by other clans.
2. The Miao nationality of Emperor Yao-the main source of Liu's surname
At the end of Shennong (the capital of Huaiyang), a powerful Chinese tribe Shaodian (Xiong) appeared in Xinzheng, Henan Province, and later moved westward to Tianshui, Gansu Province due to the Yellow River flood. At the same time, in the area from Luoyang to Huashan today, there is a primitive Chinese tribe named Gao. In Jiang Shui, a tributary of Weishui River in the south of Qishan today, there is a primitive Chinese tribe named Niu. You Niu's family and You Gao's family married and multiplied into Yandi tribe. A Xiong married a Gao, and the Yellow Emperor was born in Jishui (Tianshui).
When he grew up, the Yellow Emperor, like his predecessor Fuxi, was attracted by the fertile Central Plains, left his hometown, developed eastward, and arrived in huangling county today. After that, he went south along Luoshui, crossed the Yellow River in Chaoyi, Dali County, and went north along Zhongtiao Mountain and the western foot of Taihang Mountain. Finally, he walked out of the mountains along Sanggan River and settled in the plains of Zhuolu and Huailai in northern Hebei Province. Sun Yu Wang, the eighth Emperor of Yan, led the workers and the Siyue to migrate eastward along the Weihe River, arrived in present-day Shandong along the south bank of the Yellow River, and moved from Shandong to Hebei to meet the Huangdi tribe. Two related tribes fought fiercely for hegemony in Hanquan area in the lower reaches of Fenhe River. Emperor Yan was defeated and surrendered to the Yellow Emperor. Based on the two tribes, many ancient Chinese tribes in the west of North China Plain, the south of Fenhe Plain and the east of Weihe Plain gradually merged into Huaxia nationality.
At this time, Chiyou, the leader of Dongyi who originally lived in Shandong, moved westward, and Kuafu, the leader of Sanmiao (the ancestor of Miao Yao) who originally lived in Huainan, also moved northward into the Central Plains. Dongyi formed an alliance with Sanmiao, with Chiyou as the leader, and * * * together with Huaxia. In 27 BC, Huang Di, the leader of Huaxia nationality, defeated the allied forces of Kuafu Chiyou in Zhuolu County, Hebei Province, and killed him. Chiyou's men snatched Chiyou's body and buried it secretly in Xishuipo, Puyang, which was called "Diqiu". The remnants of the allied forces retreated to Jizhou, and the Yellow Emperor pursued them, while Dongyi and Sanmiao (Jiu Li's family) fled across the Yellow River in a hurry. Sanmiao retreated to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the south, Dongyi retreated to Mount Tai in the east, and the Huaxia nationality occupied most of Henan, making Xinzheng its capital. Cang Xie, the historian of the Yellow Emperor, created Chinese characters-Chinese characters-after communicating with the cultures of Dongyi. Later generations honored the Yellow Emperor as the first ancestor of humanity.
The Yellow Emperor had 25 sons and established 12 surnames. Among them, Lei Zu, the wife of the Yellow Emperor, gave birth to two sons: the eldest son Xuan Xiao (Qingyang), who was enfeoffed and lived in Jiangshui; The second son Changyi was also enfeoffed and lived in Ruoshui. Changyi married Shushan's daughter named Chang Fu and gave birth to Levin. After the death of the Yellow Emperor, Levin, the grandson, succeeded him, that is, Emperor Zhuan Xu.
Zhuan Xu was born in Huangdi Group and brought up in Dongyi, which is a symbol of the blending of East and West Groups. Shun, a descendant of Zhuan Xu, grew up with relatives in Dongyi and became the leader of the Yu family. Zhuan Xu's son married Siyue, gave birth to Zhu Rong's family and was sealed in Xinzheng, Henan; Zhuan Xu's grandson Hao Tao lives in Taishan area, and Hao Tao and his son Bo Yi have successively become leaders of Dongyi people. Zhuan Xu is the capital of Diqiu and was buried in Diqiu after his death.
after Zhuan Xu's death, his nephew Gao Xin (the grandson of Xuan Xiao) succeeded to the throne, namely Di Ku (Di Jun). Di Ku's four wives gave birth to four sons: Yi's daughter Chang Yi gave birth to Zhi, Chen Feng's daughter Qing gave birth to Yao, Yi's daughter Jiang Yuan gave birth to abandonment, and Yi's daughter Judie gave birth to contract. Zhi was sent to Qufu, where he lived with the Yi people, and accepted the culture of Tai Hao people (the ethnic group was divided into two branches, the original branch developed into Huaxia people in Huaiyang, and the other branch moved eastward to Qufu to develop into Dongyi people), so it was called Shao Hao. Qi was sent to the east of Luanhe River to guard the frontier and rule the local Dongyi tribe-Youwa tribe. Abandon the Yandi tribe, which was sent to Wugong County, Shaanxi Province to garrison the frontier and rule the local area.
In the era of Zhuan Xu, a woman in Taihang Mountain accidentally tripped over a stone, and a drop of blood spilled on the stone. In a moment, the whole mountain turned red. Later, people called this mountain Danling (Yiqi Mountain, 1 kilometers west of Shunping County), and scholars wrote it as Danling. That drop of blood was conceived into a baby. When the baby cried for the first time, Chen Fengshi (originally from Baoji, later the main one moved to Huaiyang, Henan, and the second one moved to Baoding, Hebei) heard it, and Chen Fengshi took it home to raise it and named it Qingdu. When Qingdu was thirteen years old, her adoptive mother Chen died, and she lived alone in a hut on Danling Mountain. Yi Qi's eldest son and wife at the foot of the mountain pitied her and adopted her as their adopted daughter. Di Ku's mother, also named Chen Fengshi, named Di Ku Naqing as the third princess, and named Yi Qi as the Hou of Yi Qi. After Qingdu became pregnant, she went back to her mother's house and gave birth to Yao in Jiashen. Yao took his mother's surname, Qi (Yi Qi). When Yao was young, he was famous for being good at making pottery among tribes near and far. Yao is tall, with a waxy face, colorful eyebrows, three pupils in his eyes and extremely long hair.
Di Ku saw that his son was promising, so he named Yao Tang Hou (Tang means big), and since then Yao has been called "Tao Tangshi". The fief of the Tang Dynasty was in Liuyi, so Yao became the leader of the powerful Liu clan. On the one hand, the former leader of the Liu clan admired Yao's talent and was willing to yield, on the other hand, he had to yield to the majesty of the son of heaven Di Ku. At the age of 2, Yao succeeded Di Ku as the leader of the Central Plains Tribal Alliance. Yao has 1 sons, the ninth of whom inherits Yuanming (Jianming) and Danzhu, and inherits the position of leader of Taotang clan, and continues to live in Liuyi.
after Yao became the emperor, he moved the capital from Diqiu to Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi) in order to rule the world and protect the capital from the threat of floods, so Pingyang left many Yao sites. Most of the people in Liuyi, Yao's fief, still live in the same place and did not follow Yao to the capital to be an official.
Yao ordered his courtiers, Xi Shi and He Shi, to draw up calendars and teach people the festivals for production. In addition, Xizhong was ordered to live in Yuyi, greet the sunrise respectfully, and make detailed arrangements for spring farming. He also ordered Uncle Xi to live in Nanjiao and make detailed arrangements for summer farm work. He also ordered Hezhong to live in the west soil, respectfully send the sun down and arrange the autumn harvest step by step. He also ordered Uncle He to live in the secluded capital in the north and carefully arrange the winter collection.
Later, when Yao was old, he thought that his son Danzhu's virtue was ok to be the leader of Taotang clan in Liuyi, but it was not enough to be the son of heaven. The minister who was born in the Four Mountains of Emperor Yan recommended Gun to him. After Yu Wang's family, Yandi tribe evolved into three branches: Gonggong, Siyue and Shiqiang. The * * * worker was the * * * owner of Jiang Rong in Kyushu, developed in the northeast of Henan and southern Hebei, and once fought with Zhuan Xu for the emperor. * * * The working woman married Zhuan Xu's son Luo Ming (Huangdi), gave birth to Gun (surnamed Si), and Gun was named Wenshan Stone New Town (now Beichuan County, Sichuan Province), and married the daughter of Xin's family, and gave birth to Yu. Gun later moved eastward, returned to the Central Plains, and was sealed by Yao to worship (Songshan). Hougun lost the qualification to inherit the son of heaven because of the failure of water control.
Later, Siyue recommended Yu Shun. Yu Shun is the son of a blind man. Although his father was ignorant, his mother was stubborn and his brother was arrogant, Shun was able to get along well with them, show filial piety and manage his family well, which shows that Yu Shun has extraordinary conduct. In order to examine Yu Shun's virtue, Yao married his two daughters, E Huang and Nv Ying, to observe his virtue from them. Shun asked them to lower their dignity and live in their home by the Gui River, and to observe the way of being a woman. Yao thought it was good to do so, so he asked Shun to try to take the post of Stuart, carefully straighten out the virtues of the five ethics, and the people followed suit. Yao also let Yu Shun participate in the affairs of officials, and it was also in an orderly way. He was also asked to receive guests at the four gates of Mingtang. The four gates were harmonious everywhere, and the guests from afar were respectful. Yao also sent Shun into the jungle of Shan Ye, Dachuan Caoze, and met with a storm and thunderstorm, and Shun didn't get lost. On the first day of the first month, Shun accepted Yao's abdication at Wenzu Temple. Emperor Yao reigned for 98 years and died in Xinsi at the age of 118.
after Yao's death, after three years of mourning, Shun ceded the throne to Danzhu and hid himself in the south bank of Nanhe River. Tribal leaders who come to make pilgrimages do not go to Danzhu but come to Shun, and those who go to court do not go to Danzhu but come to Shun. Those who praise merit do not praise Danzhu but come to Shun. Shun said, "This is God's will", and then he went to Kyoto and regained his position as the son of heaven.
(My surname is Liu, too, hehe.)'