A complete Chinese painting needs to be more beautiful and easy to preserve, circulate and collect, so it cannot be framed. Because most Chinese paintings are painted on fragile rice paper or silk items. Framing is also called "decoration, decoration" and "back mounting". It is a unique technique in my country to protect and beautify calligraphy, painting and inscriptions. Just like Western oil paintings, they must be put into exquisite frames after completion to make them It can achieve a higher artistic beauty.
Framing can also be divided into original mounting and re-mounting. The original mounting is to mount the newly painted paintings according to the mounting procedures, and the re-mounting is to mount the original paintings. It is best to frame the handed-down paintings and calligraphy that may have fallen off, become moldy due to moisture, become rotten, broken, or bitten by insects or rats due to poor collection and storage. The framed paintings and calligraphy are strong, beautiful, and easy to collect, arrange, and appreciate. . And the re-mounting of ancient paintings will also prolong its vitality. The ancients said: "Re-mounting ancient monuments is like delaying medical treatment... If the treatment is good, it will be cured, and if the treatment is not good, it will die." ”
So what is the process of mounting Chinese paintings? Generally, it is mounted on the back of the painting with a paper support, then edged with twist, silk, paper, etc., and then the axis is installed to form the layout. Traditional There are many kinds of mountings, but the finished products can be divided into three categories according to their shapes: hanging scrolls, hand scrolls, and albums. Regardless of the size, shape, and purpose of the framed painting, the original framed painting can only support the framed painting. There are three steps: mounting and mounting. However, the re-mounting of old paintings and calligraphy is quite difficult. The old paintings must be removed, cleaned and repaired. If there are holes, etc., then re-mount them according to the mounting process of new paintings.
The mounting technology in our country came with the history of Chinese painting. Judging from the historical data preserved today, it was mounted as early as 1,500 years ago. The technology has already appeared, and in the Ming Dynasty, there were written records on the production of decoration paste, antisepsis, selection of mounting paper, and the decontamination, repair, and yellowing of ancient paintings. "Zhi" and "Yijiao Pian" written on Tuesday in the Qing Dynasty are all specialized works that systematically discuss mounting in my country.
Framing is also known as "decoration", "mounting pool", and "mounting back". A unique technique for beautifying and protecting paintings, calligraphy and tablets. Mounting is also an art. As the saying goes, painting is framed in three parts, which shows the importance of mounting. Once the painting and calligraphy are framed, they will become complete. The work is pleasing to the eye. The method is to mount it on the back of the calligraphy and painting work first, then use damask, silk, and paper to trim it, then support it, and then install it. The finished product can be divided into shapes or layouts. They are scrolls, scrolls, albums and sheets. The mounted paintings and calligraphy are easy to collect and arrange for viewing. "An Introduction to the Mounting of Calligraphy and Paintings" and "The Mounting of Chinese Paintings and Calligraphy" written by Du Zixiong are all specialized works that systematically discuss the mounting of calligraphy and painting.
Xuanhe Mounting: also known as "Song Style Mounting" was the inner palace of Emperor Huizong (Zhao Ji) of the Northern Song Dynasty. A kind of mounting system for collecting paintings and calligraphy. It is named after the reign of Huizong Xuanhe (1119-1125 AD). This style is the most complex one among the mountings, such as Liang Simin's "Lu Ting Mi Xue" in the Palace Museum. "Picture scroll", the head is made of silk, the back of the flap is made of yellow silk, the tail paper is made of white Song Dynasty paper, and the five sections of the painting are also stamped with the imperial collection seal in a certain format.
Wuzhuang: The decoration in Suzhou and Yangzhou lasted for hundreds of years in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is famous all over the country. "Zhi" said: "Wangzhou has a discerning eye, a rich family, and a deep understanding of decoration." Hu Yinglin's "Shaobao Shanfang Bi Cong" in the Ming Dynasty has the best Wu decoration, which is unparalleled elsewhere." of high praise.
Hongbang: a kind of framed style. Before liberation, Suzhou, Yangzhou, Shanghai and other places had a special style of red and white vertical scroll couplets specially used for weddings and funerals. Called the "Red Gang".
Xingbang: Before liberation, Shanghai, Suzhou, and Yangzhou had different mounting techniques. There was a type of art that specialized in mounting ordinary calligraphy and paintings, called "Xingbang".
One-color mounting: The mounting material is of one color.
This depends on the length of the painting core and the ratio of the length of the painting. Generally, if the length of the inlay does not exceed the length of the painting core, it can be framed with one color. For example, for a three-foot-long painting core, add three feet of inlay and frame it. For a six-foot-long vertical scroll, only one color can be used. In the use of the color of the inlay, the purpose is to highlight the painting meaning of the painting core. Strong contrasting colors cannot be used. The principle is to make it beautiful and generous.
Two-color mounting: The two-color mounting is to use suitable colors around the tribute. The remaining insufficient length is then used with darker and heavier mounting materials, which are then connected to the top of the head and mounted to the required length. . For example, if the length of the painting core is two feet, if you want to frame it to a length of about six feet, you need to add four feet of inlay. If you only use one color, the inlay will be twice as long as the painting core. There is a difference in color matching. side effect. It also seems monotonous. This way it can be framed in two colors. That is, the top and bottom of the circle, plus heaven and earth.
Three-color mounting: Three-color mounting is the boundary between the circle and the heaven and earth. The width of the side can vary according to the size of the frame, ranging from three inches, two inches, or one and a half inches. The color of the circle should be lighter, the sky and the ground should be darker, and the boundary should be neither deep nor shallow. The paintings framed in this way have the most harmonious colors. And it has a gentle, soft and solemn taste. However, the colors of circles, boundaries, heaven and earth should not be too similar, and should have a sense of rhythm. It is important to avoid that the color of the circle is dark and the color of the sky and the earth is light, which will make the readers feel empty.
Antique Decoration Pool: This is what can be called decorative art in Suzhou, Shanghai, and Yangzhou before the liberation. It is specially designed for famous calligraphers and collectors to frame precious paintings and calligraphy. It is called "Antique Decoration Pool" .
Frightened Swallows: Also known as the "ribbon", it was originally just a hanging place at the top of the painting. Swallows fly close to the painting, and the two ribbons naturally flutter, which can scare away the swallows. Later, it was used as a decoration, and the two ribbons were fixed on the head of the sky. The width of the thorn ribbon can be determined according to the width of the painting. For example, a six-foot-wide ribbon is more suitable for a two-foot-wide mounting. The materials used are the same as those used in partitions. Its length is the same as the head of the sky, but not too thick, otherwise the painting will be uneven. If the border is a damask and there are patterns on the damask, then when embroidering the ribbon, you should pay attention to the integrity of the pattern. Nowadays, Japanese costumes also use movable streamers to scare the roosting rope swallows to protect calligraphy and paintings, so they are also called "fly alarms"