The first word was Wen Qing, and later it was changed to Wen Chang, alias Tianchi Mountain, or Department Tian Shuiyue, Tian Danshui, Ivy League Old Man, Ivy League Taoist, Ivy League layman, Tianchi Fishing Hidden, Jin Lei, Jin Hui Mountain Man, Yin Shanbuyi, Bai Xieshan Man, Goose-nosed Shan Nong, etc. They were called "the three great talents of Ming Dynasty" together with Jie Jin and Yang Shen.
Xu Wei, a calligrapher in Ming Dynasty, was a schizophrenic. When he was a child, he was wild and loved learning. He failed to pass the exam nine times. Middle-aged as a staff officer in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Governor's Office, Hu Zongxian took a fancy to him. It has made a certain contribution to Xu Wei's border defense in the southeast coast. Later, when Hu Zongxian was killed, Xu Wei was afraid, and his mental illness recurred and he committed suicide. Later, he killed his wife and was imprisoned for five years, when he met with Amnesty. Because I studied calligraphy and calligraphy in prison, I gradually recovered from prison and began to travel. He went to Beijing, Juyongguan, Shandong, Hebei, and some places in Gannan and Fujian, which not only broadened his horizons, but also gradually recovered from his illness. So it seems that traveling is also good for a person's spiritual recovery. He was 53 years old when he got out of prison. It is said that taking medicine for mental patients can only solve 40% of the problems, and most of them are psychological interventions to make them better. During his six-year life on death row, Xu Wei also believed in Taoism, which played a role in behavioral therapy and psychotherapy. At that time, Qi Baishi admired two people, one was Xu Wei, the other was Zhu Da, and Zhu Da was also a mental patient. Zhu Da is a descendant of Zhu Yuanzhang. After the demise of the Ming Dynasty, his spirit was influenced by * *, and his hair was cut into a monk. He may be playing the fool, and then his spirit really went wrong, but he lived in seclusion for a while, recovered his spirit in Qingyunpu Scenic Resort, and then he painted and became a famous painter.
Xu Wei's freehand brushwork flowers shocked the world. They are bold and unrestrained with their pens, incisively and vividly, vividly shaped and unique, creating a new style of freehand brushwork in ink and wash. Also known as "green vine and white sun" with Chen Daofu, it has a great influence on later generations and has always been praised by the world. Of course, his talent is also reflected in the creation of traditional Chinese operas. His zaju "Four Sounds Apes" has been praised by Tang Xianzu and others, and it also occupies a place in the history of China opera. His poems, paintings and calligraphy are filled with a sense of injustice and vastness of Yu Bo.
The contrast between Xu Wei's calligraphy and the dull calligraphy in the early Ming Dynasty is particularly prominent. After Zhu Yunming, Xu Wei's way of learning books, like Zhu Yunming's, belongs to two kings and one vein without exception. He appreciates Wang Xizhi's character and calligraphy. As a fellow countryman, he followed Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, but it was the Song people who had the greatest influence on him, among which Mi Fei took the most calligraphy. He said excitedly in the postscript of Ink on Minnan Public Book: "I have read many books in Minnan Public Book, and I am relaxed and relaxed. Without this post, I found a vast land and unique scenery. " Without extensive research, it is impossible for him to make a proper evaluation of Xiao San Shuang Yi, which shows his profound understanding of Mi Fei. Xu Wei is good at magnificent weeds, but it is difficult for ordinary people to accept them. His pen and ink are wanton and messy. He is very conceited about his calligraphy. He believes that "my book is the first, poetry is the second, literature is the third and painting is the fourth". He once said in "Title from Book": "A high book is not vulgar, and a vulgar person is not a high book. However, this statement can also be said to the knowledgeable, but it is difficult to say to the layman. " No wonder how many "knowers" are there?
Twenty years after Xu Wei's death, Yuan Hongdao, the leader of the "Public Security School", happened to dig out a manuscript of a poem by Xu Wei at the home of his friend Tao Wangling, saying that it was "bad words, black smoke and coal, and slightly shaped". But after reading a few articles under the lamp, I couldn't help wondering if this man is a modern man. Or the ancients? I didn't expect Taowangling to be pulled up and watched all night. "Reading is called re-reading, and re-reading is called re-reading", which makes the boy and servant wake up. Later, Yuan Hongdao spared no effort to collect Xu Wei's manuscripts, study Xu Wei and vigorously publicize Xu Wei. He believes that Xu Wei's poems "swept away the filth of modern times" and Xu Wei's calligraphy "is as unrestrained, vigorous and charming as his poems, above Wang Yayi and Wen Zhiming"; He also said that "calligraphy, regardless of the spirit of calligraphy, is the dispersion of the eight laws, and the word forest is also chivalrous" ("The Sword of the Book Forest"). Yuan Hongdao also wrote a short biography-Biography of Xu Wenchang for a famous figure in the history of ancient China literature. It can be said that he was Xu Wei's first confidant, and his followers were countless, including Zhu Da from Eight Mountains and Zheng Banqiao who was willing to "go to the Ivy League". Qi Baishi, a master of modern art, once said when referring to Xu Wei, "I hate grinding ink and paper for ivy." This is enough to show Xu Wei's deep influence on later generations.
Xu Wei's loneliness can really be summarized by his own poem "Poetry on the Ink Grapes":
I've been down and out for half my life,
Self-study whistling night wind.
There is nowhere to sell pearls at the bottom of the pen.
Throw wild vines around.
Xu Wei, a great master, committed suicide many times. He believes that Hu Zongxian was impeached as an accomplice of Yan Song and was arrested and committed suicide. He went into politics, afraid of being killed by Hu Zongxian, and deliberately pretended to be deaf and dumb to save his life, waiting for an opportunity to make a comeback. It was not until the last hope was completely extinguished that I had to linger on with the skill of painting and calligraphy. Hi! Why do you want to participate in politics when you know that politics is sinister?
Not everyone can eat this bowl of political rice. Li Zongwu's Larrabee says that all old bureaucrats are "as thick as walls and as black as coal". How many honest and thin-skinned literati and poets have fallen into politics in history cannot but be said to be the sorrow of literati serving as officials. A person must know what skills he has and what he is suitable for. How does a free, honest and straightforward scholar mix up in the officialdom? Status quo and personality determine success or failure. The political situation is turbulent, and choosing the wrong time to go into politics is jumping into a pit of fire. Only by choosing a career development that suits your personality can you succeed. It shows that Xu Wei is not a smart man. He is not sure about the current situation and follows the wrong person. At least he is politically naive. Not to mention an unyielding soldier, he even has a taste of pursuing fame and fortune and fearing death. Fortunately, its superb art of poetry, calligraphy and painting has been passed down from generation to generation, which makes future generations admire it immensely.