In the early Qing Dynasty, Manchu was the official language, and a few Han officials who entered Korea had to learn Manchu. Therefore, at this stage, the Qing emperors should mainly speak Manchu, such as Nurhachi and Huang Taiji.
With the entry of the Qing army, the Qing emperor began to accept both Manchu and Chinese education. Facing the ministers of different nationalities in the imperial court, the emperor spoke different languages. That is to say, when the emperor looks at people, he speaks Manchu when he needs it, and he uses Chinese when facing ministers who can't speak Manchu.
In fact, in the later period, such as Xuan Tong Emperor Puyi, Manchu was no longer known, and Chinese was the main language.
Extended data:
As we all know, the political system of the Qing Dynasty was mainly composed of Manchu and Han nationality. Different nationalities use different languages, and the differences in languages will inevitably bring obstacles to communication.
After the Qing dynasty entered the customs, the court officials were basically Manchu, so Manchu was the official language in the early Qing dynasty, and a few Han officials who entered the DPRK had to learn Manchu.
We can imagine the expressions of ministers of the Han nationality when learning Manchu, which is estimated to be similar to the expressions of English words today. However, since it is a process of integration between two ethnic groups, unilateral learning is definitely not enough. Therefore, the royal family of the Qing Dynasty was gradually learning Chinese culture.
The Qing emperor began to receive Manchu and Chinese education from an early age, including Manchu masters and Han masters. Manchu masters mainly teach martial arts riding and shooting, while Han masters teach cultural classes, and the language is to be learned by both Manchu and Chinese. Therefore, the emperor can speak Manchu and Chinese.
The emperor shunzhi is a famous Chinese-loving culture, and he is good at studying Chinese poems and songs. At school, he had a big conflict with his uncle Dourgen on the question of learning Manchu or Chinese.
Dourgen resolutely refused to let Shunzhi learn Chinese and rudely interfered with his Han education, because he had always opposed the sinicization of Manchu.
So Shunzhi said angrily, "If I don't learn Chinese, I can't understand what the minister of the Han nationality said to me, and I don't know what he said. Even if I do, I can't speak. I can't communicate with them. How can I be an emperor? "
Baidu Encyclopedia: Qing Dynasty