Gao Qi's Literary Achievements

In his youth, Gao Qi wrote a famous poem, which was called "four outstanding people in Wuzhong" with Yang Ji, Zhang Yu and Xu Ben. In literature, Gao Qi can be said to be a genius, a "super imitation show" in the literary world, learning what is what. Ji Xiaolan praised Gao Qi in the Summary of Sikuquanshu, saying that "a genius is superior to a poet in Ming Dynasty, and his poems are similar to those in the Tang and Song Dynasties of Han, Wei, Six Dynasties, and the ancients have their own strengths. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the habit of fiber farming returned to the right, which was really fierce. However, Gao Qi's literary thought advocates taking the method of Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties. This kind of imitation is by no means a mere formality and representation, let alone a simple copy and deletion. Instead, he learned from the past and became a family, thinking that he should "learn from others, imitate with the times, keep pace with the times, and become a family of his own, so as to be generous and avoid the disadvantages of his husband's paranoia" (Preface to Duan Ji).

Gao Qi's greatest achievement in literature was that he independently shouldered the burden of developing poetry under the unfavorable environment that romantic novels and operas were the mainstream culture in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, which changed the flashy poetic style since the end of Yuan Dynasty and promoted the continuous development of poetry. But he died young and never achieved his goal of becoming a family.

Gao Qi has a gift for poetry, and his poems are fresh and extraordinary, bold and heroic, and he is especially good at seven-character songs. His poetry system is different and his styles are diverse, and there are traces of imitation in learning the styles of Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties. But he is brilliant, gentle and has many excellent poems. He is one of the best poets in the Ming Dynasty.

Gao Qi has only been an official for three years and has lived in the village for a long time, so there are some descriptions of farmers' working life in his poems, such as herding cattle, fishing, sericulture, shooting ducks, logging, threshing wheat, picking tea, Tian Jiaxing and watching mowing grass. These poems do not idealize rural life, but reflect class exploitation and people's sufferings to some extent. For example, "Huzhou Song sent Chen Taishou" wrote: "The grass is vast and the water is gurgling. Go to Tian Wu, go to the next field, and Nakata has a cow's tail, which is not enough to lose official business. Hou Laisong shook his head and listened to Nong try to sing Huzhou songs. Huzhou song, quietly ended, a few sad months. " Other poems, such as "Training the Old to Hide Farmers", "Crossing the Fengkou Battlefield", "Smelling spearmen leaving Yuecheng at night to invest in mountain niches" and "Dashui", also describe the sufferings of farmers and soldiers under natural and man-made disasters. These works are the essence of Gao Qi's poetry.

Nine times out of ten, Gao Qi's poems are written by individuals, expressing feelings, traveling around and rewarding friends. This kind of poetry is sometimes slightly ironic to the ruling class. For example, the seven clouds in the five ancient "Feeling" said: "The road is straight, and the end of the road is dangerous. A glass of wine is out of the lungs and liver, and it is doubtful for a moment. Tian Pai Dou Ying and Zhao Gao falsely accused Reese. Dumping a large number of fakes, the right to spoil the real disaster base. " Exposed the internal contradictions of the ruling class. Another example is the third chapter of "Three Chapters of Taibai" after he became an official: "The master of Xinfeng is not careless, and the slave also has the bone to seal the Hou." In fact, it is a mockery of the nouveau riche in the Ming Dynasty. However, Gao Qi's thought is more complicated, and he also wrote many poems that thanked the emperor and lived in seclusion, which failed to get rid of his own class limitations.

Gao Qi's poems have certain artistic features. First of all, some of his poems advocate realism and describe the scenery in detail. Such as "Jiang Huanglian Zhu fog, wild white full of Tian Bing"; "Birds peck dead poplars, while insects lightly hang leaves"; The words "a dog follows the spring □ a woman, and a chicken calls a plowman" are novel and realistic, and all come from the true feelings of life. Secondly, pay attention to implication and have a long lasting appeal. For example, "Ditching Ballad": "The ditch is deep, and there are ten searches; This ditch is very wide, 80 feet. It's not hard to dig canals, and the Yellow River has opened more than 1000 feet. I can't see you, Jia Shangshu. " In just a few words, it came to an abrupt end, giving people a profound aftertaste. Thirdly, there are not many allusions, trying to be fluent, and some small poems with only a few sentences are more folk songs. For example, the song "Four o'clock at Midnight" (Part II) says: "You can't wear red makeup, and you can go out to Nanhu Road in the evening. I can't bear to return to the ship, and the lotus is like A Lang. " Comprehended as words, it is kind and touching. The creation of these poems is related to being close to the lower class when living in other places. Gao Qi's poetry has a wide influence on the poetry of Ming Dynasty, so that some people regard him as the "crown of poets in Ming Dynasty".

Gao Qi also wrote lyrics, mostly dull and gloomy, not as good as his poems.

His prose is not original, but the story of Shubo Chicken is very brilliant. With concise language, touching plot and legendary Tang Dynasty style, he created a brave image who dared to fight against the gentry.

In view of Gao Qi's great contribution to poetry, not only later generations revered him as "the first poet in the early Ming Dynasty", but also poetry critics in previous dynasties spoke highly of him. Zhao Yi, the "first gifted scholar in Qing Dynasty", praised him as "the first founding poet in Ming Dynasty" in Ou Bei Shi Hua. Mao Zedong, a great man and poet, simply called Gao Qi "the greatest poet of Ming Dynasty" in his calligraphy works.

He is the author of Gao Qing Qiu Ji, which is now in Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, with two paperbacks and one hardcover.