Since Kublai Khan destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty in Yuan Shizu on 1279 and unified the whole country, he went north to Yuan Shundi and went beyond the Great Wall. 1 1 Every emperor lasted for more than 90 years, which is the Yuan Dynasty.
At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, there was little economic and cultural development, and the overall situation of calligraphy was advocating retro, patriarchal clan system in Jin and Tang Dynasties, and less innovation. Zhang Kui Pavilion was built in Li Chu Tian, a literate scholar, and was dedicated to secretly playing with antiques. Yuan Wenzong has always been very lucky. Kuizhangge appreciates famous calligraphy and painting, and calligraphy once flourished. Zhao Mengfu, Xian Yushu and other famous artists are the representatives of calligraphy in this period. They advocate the same method of calligraphy and painting and pay attention to the posture of writing. However, the book circle in the Yuan Dynasty was purely an inheritance from the Jin and Tang Dynasties, and did not have its own style of the times. Later, Zhao Mengfu in Kangli Mine changed again, which made it unique in the book circle of Yuan Dynasty.
Throughout the Yuan Dynasty calligraphy, its great achievements are still in the real cursive script. As for turning profits, although there are several famous artists, they are not very good. This kind of calligraphy with truth, line and cursive script as the mainstream didn't change until the Qing Dynasty. There was a style of calligraphy in Yuan Dynasty, which still prevailed in calligraphy from Song Dynasty to Tang Zongjin. Although each has its own merits, none of them can stand tall in the calligraphy world as a family. Compared with literature, painting and other arts, it is far from successful.
The main calligraphers are Zhao Mengfu, Kui Xian, Shu Xianyu and Chu Cai.
Zhao Mengfu (1254- 1322)
Zi Ziang, Taoist Cedar, Taoist Crystal Palace, Huzhou (Xing Wu, Zhejiang). Descendants of Song Taizu's son, King Qin Fangde. In the Yuan Dynasty, he was awarded a bachelor's degree from Hanlin and a doctor from Rong Lu, and was named Duke of Wei. He is the author of Song Xuezhai Collection.
Zhao Mengfu was an influential calligrapher in the early Yuan Dynasty. "Biography of the History of Yuan Dynasty" records: "Meng Yi's calligraphy is the best in the world, so the book is the theme of the world." Praise. According to Song Lian, a scholar, Zhao's calligraphy learned Lingling's Eight Intellectuals in his early years, Zhong You and Fairy in his middle years and books in his later years. In addition, he also visited Dingding Monument in Yuan and Wei Dynasties, Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang in Tang Dynasty, which was a great achievement of predecessors. As Wen Jia said, "Gong Wei's calligraphy is superior to the ancients, and they are all imitations. "So, Zhao's success in calligraphy is inseparable from his ability to learn from other people's long sentences.
His representative works include: Qiu Ai Tombstone Inscription, Biography of Ji An, View of Blessing God, Danba Monument, Thirteen Postscripts of Lanting Post, Snow Clouds Post, Poems of Luoshen, Notes of Miao Yan Temple, etc.
Ji An biography:
Zhao Mengfu opens a book: a record of the concept of blessing.
By Zhao Mengfu. Lowercase. He claimed that the Biography of Ji An was a legacy of the Tang Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, Feng Yuan commented: "This book, according to the European style, is fast and elegant, but it still has to be praised and written by himself." Ni Zan also said: "Zi Ang writes fine print, which is beautifully tied, and he hits hard with a pen. It' s really a shame for people in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. " (Quoted from "Tree Algae"), the pen power is no less than Zhiyong and Yu Shinan, which is the best in my life.
Roshev:
By Zhao Mengfu. Running script paper book. This was written by Zhao when he was 47 years old. His calligraphy style is fresh and beautiful, with the statutes of Lanting and Shengjiao. Ni Zan, a scholar in Yuan Dynasty, called this volume "round and vivid" and praised Zhao Wei as the first scholar in Yuan Dynasty. The original is now in the Tianjin Art Museum.
Praise god's point of view:
By Zhao Mengfu. Regular script paper, black silk square The full name is "Hangzhou Fushen View". It was written by Zhao Mengfu at the age of 67 in the seventh year of Yuanyou (A.D. 1320). His calligraphy structure is broad, profound and steady, and his brushwork is smooth and round, similar to "Danba Monument" and "Inscription of Enemy Cemetery". Is one of Zhao Shu's representative works.
Lanting Post Thirteen Postscripts:
By Zhao Mengfu. Running script paper book.
In the autumn of the third year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 13 10), Zhao Mengfu went to Beijing by boat from Huzhou and arrived in Nanxun Town, Xing Wu. Monk Dugu gave him a volume of rubbings of Dingwu Lanting, which had been damaged in five words. He was so happy that he kept reading this book on the boat. He had a lot of experience in calligraphy, which was recorded at the end of the book, counting thirteen paragraphs. This is the so-called Postscript of Lanting Thirteen. Later, it was destroyed by fire, but some burnt copies were passed down from generation to generation and flowed into Japan.
Zhao Mengfu's work, which approaches Lanting with his own brushwork, is vivid and natural, such as Ding Wu's original work, which can be called Zhao Shu's masterpiece.
Kangli Mine (1295- 1345)
Cursive script is in Li Kang, cursive script.
Zi Zishan, whose real name is Zheng Zhai, Shu Lao and Peng Shu Lao, is a Mongolian.
"Yuan Shi" originally said that he was: "The cursive script is good and true, and those who know it are said to have the brushwork of Jin people, fighting for treasures with their own hands, but without the wings of golden jade." His calligrapher, Fa Yu Shi Nan, followed Zhong You and Wang Xizhi in cursive script from Huai Su and absorbed Mi Fei's wild style. At that time, he was able to start his own artistic path. Jie Jin in the Ming Dynasty said: "Zishan tree is like a male sword leaning against the sky, and Changhong drives the sea."
As an outstanding minority calligrapher, Kang Likuang is unique in the calligraphy field, with little pen and ink, such as the cursive poem "Palace Poetry" of Tang Dynasty. His fisherman's ci-poetry and cursive brushwork did have the style of Tang and Jin dynasties. Li Bai's poem "Nineteen Ancient Styles" was written in bold and unrestrained fonts, winning the brushwork of Cao Zhang and Crazy Grass.
His representative works are:
Cursive letters:
Li Kang Kuizuo. This cursive letter is extremely wonderful. Although it is scrawled, the pen is in line with the statutes. Dense and honest, suit yourself. At the end, the word is long and the paper is short, and the more you write, the more dense it is. Even between the lines, you sometimes add supplementary words, but you don't feel crowded. On the contrary, because the lines can meet or avoid each other, it looks psychic and breathable, dense but not greasy.
Sweet taro tree (1254- 1322)
The immortal life post is fresh and comfortable.
The word Ji Bo, whose real name is Sleepy Mountain Man, was born in Yuyang (now Jixian County, Beijing) and was a doctor in the official position. Zhao Mengfu spoke highly of his calligraphy. He once said, "Yu He's classmate cursive script has gone too far, and he can't catch up. With Ji Bo gone, the world is called a servant who can write. The so-called no Buddha is a respect. " Their calligraphy was then called "Ermiao". His technique is very solid, and his calligraphy is very strong. The contemporaries said, "An old man trapped in learning is good at returning to his wrist, so his books are round and energetic, or he can use the Tang method more." However, he has known Ji Bo for 15 or 16 years, and his books are different and better than those common in the world. " Chen Yi, a calligrapher, once said, "Today, only doctors are worried. If I ask him, I will raise my eyes and say, Brave! Dare! Bold! " Obviously, he dares to innovate. His regular script is the preface of Li Yuan's return to Pangu, which is now in Shanghai Museum. His brushwork is simple, accurate and gorgeous. He wrote his own poems "Ode to Chinese Characters" and "Cursive Volume of Tang Poetry", with vertical brushwork and horizontal hairstyle.
Representative works include: Tang Poem Cursive Script, Immortal Life Post.
Tang cursive axis:
Freshly baked. Cursive brushwork is vertical and horizontal. He himself said that when writing cursive script, the pen should be three inches away from the paper, the palm should be flat, the wrist should be round, and the written words can fly freely and have a unique posture. It's wonderful to read cursive script and hang your wrist to the front.
Pro-fairy life post:
Freshly baked. Cursive script This is the handwriting of Yang Ningshi's "Immortal Live Post". On the one hand, we can compare the original post and understand how Xian Yushu achieved both form and spirit when posting; On the other hand, we can also realize that only if you post rich posts can you have an independent portal.
Lu Ye is brilliant (1 190- 1244)
Lu Ye Chucai wrote his own poems.
The word Jin Qing, a Khitan, and the Emperor Dan of Liaodong suddenly wanted the eighth grandson. The Biography of Yuan recorded that he was lonely at the age of three and was raised and educated by his mother Yang. "He is very long and knowledgeable, and his books bypass astronomy, geography, law, mathematics, and explain ancient technology and medical divination. If you write as a text, you will be a builder. " After his death, he was made King of Guangning, Zheng Wen, posthumous title. His calligraphy inherited the styles of Yan Zhenqing and Huang Tingjian in Tang and Song Dynasties, and was famous for its rigor and fortitude. Amin Song Lian said: "The calligraphy and paintings written by Yeluwen in his later years are particularly strong, such as cast iron, and their fortitude lasts forever." (Song Shi Xueji)
His representative works are:
Since the book poem John:
Yeluchu wrote it in regular script. The brushwork is vigorous and magnificent, and it does not stick to the complexity of painting, showing the vigorous and powerful spirit of Mobei.