Dry image code, part 2 1, volume 100.
Code of Meritorious Service Times, Volume 43, Volume 1 16.
Calendar code, six parts, one hundred and forty volumes
Book of Shuzheng 50 188
Compilation of Yu Fang
Kunyu Temple, vol. 2 1, 140.
Code of professional conduct, vol. 1544, part 223.
320 volumes of 401 parts of Shanchuan Temple.
Chronological Canon 542 volumes, 140 volumes.
Minglun compilation
Huangjidian Yi San Bu San Bai Juan
Gongbu 140 Volume
Official Canon 65,800 volumes
Jia Fandian 3 1 Volume 1 16
The book of friendship, part 37, volume 120.
Clan code, 2694, 640 volumes.
Personnel code, vol. 97, vol. 1 12.
Gui Yuan Dian Qi Yi 376 Volume
Natural history compilation
Art Canon 43 Volume 824
Miraculous Canon, 70 parts, 320 volumes
Codes of birds and insects, part 3 17, 192.
Cao 700 Bu 320 Juan
Neo-Confucianism compilation
Classic works, 66 books, 500 volumes.
Xuehangdian 96,300 volumes
Literary classics, 49 parts, 260 volumes.
A Dictionary of Chinese Characters, 24 volumes, 160.
Economic compilation
Part 29 of the Electoral Law, Volume 136
Quanhengdian Yi Shi Boer 120 Volume
Codex Alimentarius, Part 83, Volume 360
Etiquette Code, Part 70, Volume 348
Music Code, Volume 46, Volume 136
Rongzhengdian 30 parts 300 volumes
Criminal code, part 26, volume 180
Examination code, part 154, volume 252.
It has been compiled into six volumes, including 32 volumes and 617 volumes.
Integrated Catalogue of Ancient and Modern Books Volume I
Calendar assembly dry image code
volume one
Tiandi head office huikaoyi
Volume II
Tiandi head office exam 2
Volume III
Tiandi headquarters exam 3
Volume iv
General situation of Tiandi headquarters
The fifth volume
General situation of Tiandi headquarters II
Volume VI
Selected sentences of literature and art in Tiandi headquarters
Volume 7
Chronology of Tiandi headquarters
Volume VIII
External compilation of Tiandi headquarters
Volume 9
Tian bu hui Kao
Volume 10
Tian Bu's General Theory of Literature and Art
Volume 1 1
Tian bu Wen yi er
Volume 12
Tianbu Wen Yi, Three Wen Yi and Four Selected Sentences
Volume 13
Miscellaneous Notes on Tianbu Chronology
Volume 14
Tianbu waibian
Volume 15
On the Examination of Yin and Yang Department
Volume 16
General introduction of yin and yang department: two sentences of two arts and one art.
Volume 17
Miscellaneous notes on the chronicle of yin and yang
Volume 18
Miscellanies of Yin and Yang Part II
Volume 19
Textual research on five elements
Volume 20
Introduction to five elements
Volume 2 1
Introduction to the Five Elements Department: Art II, Art I and Art II.
Volume 22
Miscellanies of Five Elements Part 1
Volume 23
Five Elements Miscellanies: Two External Editions
Volume 24
One of the seven political departments of the exam
Volume 25
Examination II of the Seventh Political Department
Volume 26
Three of the seven political departments
Volume 27
Four of the seven political departments
Volume 28
Miscellaneous notes on the general review of literature and art in the seventh political department
Volume 29
Ri yue bu hui Kao yi
Volume 30
Two general comments on the sun, the moon and departmental inspection
1. Why is the integration of ancient and modern books named?
The integration of ancient and modern books, formerly known as the collection of lost books, was written in the forty-fifth year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (A.D. 1706). Later, it was renamed as "the integration of ancient and modern books of King James". Whether Emperor Kangxi changed it or Yong Zhengdi changed it is still controversial. In any case, the present in the title refers to the early Qing dynasty, while the ancient times trace back to the ancient times. As the imperial edict of Yongzheng said, there are pictures running through ancient and modern times, integrating classics, astronomy and geography, down to mountains and rivers, vegetation and the secret method of Haixi, which is a grand view of ancient books. Editor Chen Menglei said more specifically: Everything in Liuhe can be done in great detail. In the Thirteen Classics and the Twenty-first History, he never left a word; If it is in a subset of history, only one or two out of ten will be deleted. In other words, the book is a collection of documents from ancient times to the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. At that time, it was indeed a collection of ancient and modern books, hence the name "integration of ancient and modern books".
2. What are the similarities and differences between ancient and modern book integration and Si Ku Quan Shu? What's the connection between them?
It is also a treasure of China's cultural classics, which are excellent works, voluminous and far-reaching. However, the two books are quite different in nature, content and function. Sikuquanshu is essentially a series of books. Series, also known as series, series engraving and collection engraving. As the name implies, it is to combine their independent works for printing (or copying) and give them a common name. For example, the well-known Twenty-four History has printed 24 famous historical books such as Historical Records and Hanshu. They just got together, didn't break up and re-edit, and still retained the independence of each book. This not only facilitates readers to concentrate on reading, but also plays a role in preserving ancient books. After the popularization of printing in the Song Dynasty, series became popular, among which the largest and most influential was Sikuquanshu compiled by Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. * * * Collected 3462 kinds of ancient books, 79337 volumes, about 800 million words. Basically, it includes four ancient books: classics, history, philosophers and collections, so it is called Sikuquanshu. It fully shows the overall strength of China culture, and its contribution is indelible. However, Sikuquanshu despises scientific and technological works, and only collects a small number of ancient books such as medicine, agriculture and astronomy, and accepts nothing else. However, ancient and modern book collections attach great importance to scientific and technological writings, and specially set up astronomical codes, calendar codes, Kun Yu codes, bird and insect codes, vegetation codes, food codes, examination codes and so on. , and compiled a large number of disciplines related to astronomy, calendar, mathematics, geography, agriculture, animal husbandry, medicine, catering, carpentry, pottery, palaces, equipment and so on. No wonder Chinese and foreign scholars take China's ancient scientific and technological works as their main reference books, but don't mention Sikuquanshu.
Third, the collection of ancient and modern books also attaches importance to local chronicles, notes, unofficial history and other materials, and painstakingly collects all of them, among which biographies are very rich, far exceeding the official history.
It should also be noted that Sikuquanshu belongs to expert books, and all the collections are representative works of famous scholars for academic discussion. The collection of ancient and modern books is reference books, and the scope of books is very wide, which is more than double that of Sikuquanshu. After classification and screening, a secondary document was formed, and its use value was greatly improved. It can be consulted by experts and scholars to find information or clues; It is also convenient for ordinary readers to understand a certain problem or something. You don't need to memorize poems, and you don't need to chew ancient books from beginning to end. Search by category and find the part you need. In addition, each book lists various explanations of different periods for readers to understand more comprehensively. The collected documents are deep and shallow, and some are annotated. When they get together, they have their own analogy effect.
It can be said that the integration of ancient and modern books is highly academic and widely practical, and has two functions of improving and popularizing, so as to achieve the purpose of appealing to both refined and popular tastes.
So, what's the connection between these two books? Why did you spend a lot of money to compile, copy or print in just 50 years?
This is because they have their own advantages and can complement each other. In the words of Fa Shishan, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, The Collection of Ancient and Modern Books and The Four Complete Works are both collections of ancient and modern books, which are perfect and exemplary. In this passage, the collection of ancient and modern books, either divided or combined, is perfect, revealing the similarities and differences and complementary relationship between genre books and series books. "Gathering the aspirations of the past and the present" is their * * * nature; "Separation or combination" is their own characteristics; And "perfection" is the result of their complementarity.
4. The integration of ancient and modern books is the largest kind of books in existence.
In China's history books, The Records of Arts and Literature in the Tang Dynasty, The Records of Taiping Guangji in the Song Dynasty, and Yuan Gui of Bookstore are all voluminous, but they are dwarfed by the collection of ancient and modern books. On the number of volumes, there are 65,438+0,000 volumes in ancient and modern books, which is 65,438+00 times that of Taiping Magnolia and Yuangui, and 65,438+000 times that of Yiwen Lei Ju. Words1.600 million, which is 6 times that of Yuan Gui, 33 times that of Taiping Magnolia and 0.6 times that of Lei Ju, Wen Yi! Only the length of Yongle Dadian in Ming Dynasty (more than 22,000 volumes, 370 million words) exceeded it. Unfortunately, after several wars, only 3% of Yongle Grand Ceremony remains. In this way, it is an indisputable fact that the integration of ancient and modern books has become the largest kind of books in existence. Although some scholars have speculated recently that there is another "Yongle Grand Ceremony" buried in the Ming Tombs in the suburbs of Beijing, it has not been confirmed.
In addition, the integration of ancient and modern books appeared late in all kinds of books. According to the law of the development of books, it is generally impossible to catch new ones, just because the previous revisions were not dense, and then they were refined. The integration of ancient and modern books is far superior to previous books in terms of meticulous classification, clear source and encyclopedic content.
5. The integration of ancient and modern books is carefully classified.
The classification of quasi-books has become a crucial issue because documents are classified and compiled into books. Academic circles generally believe that the integrated classification of ancient and modern books has made a breakthrough. To sum up, there are three characteristics:
First, multi-level classification is adopted. Most of the previous books were divided into two categories, namely, part and category (or subtitle), but the grade difference was too great and not thorough enough. In order to overcome this shortcoming, we have to divide the subtitle into smaller parts. The finer the result, the harder it is for readers to find them. Integration of Ancient and Modern Books is divided into three levels: compilation, collection and department, which effectively makes up for the deficiency of the second-level classification and is convenient for readers to master and find. There is actually a headquarters between the Ministry and the Ministry. If there are few ministries and commissions in a code, only one headquarters will be set up to lead other ministries and commissions; If a code belongs to many departments and the content is complicated, it is necessary to set up more headquarters to command their respective departments. Therefore, in the latter case, the headquarters also plays a secondary role, which is equivalent to the first-level classification, but it does not play a universal role. This is a comprehensive set of ancient and modern books according to the specific situation, so as to grasp it flexibly.
Second, warp and weft interweave. This is created by the fusion of ancient and modern books, and it is used properly. Arranged by assembly, code, (headquarters) and department, it is a warp classification. In each part, it is arranged according to examination, general introduction, diagram, table, biography, art, sentence selection, chronicle, miscellaneous works and external compilation, which is the weft classification. Both longitude and latitude are used to implement the principle of classification, and the difference is the standard of classification.
Meridians are classified according to the contents of documents, that is, according to the logical relationship between species and genus, layer by layer. Weft is distinguished according to the nature of documents, including importance, reliability and its manifestations (charts or poems, beautiful sentences, etc. ). The warp and weft are intertwined, forming a detailed classification network.
Third, the arrangement is orderly. The order between compilations (or dictionaries, headquarters, departments) and the order between syllabuses is very special. Taking compilation as an example, the calendar was compiled first, then the alchemy was compiled, and then the bright ethics was compiled, which reflected the so-called concept of combining heaven, earth and people with three talents at that time. For another example, in the compilation of calendar images, the order of astronomical phenomena, age-related works, calendar codes and collective codes is arranged according to the order of astronomical phenomena, time sequence, calendar and natural changes, because observing astronomical phenomena can determine the time sequence, and observing astronomical phenomena to determine the time sequence can lead to the calendar. Natural changes are a special phenomenon, so they are placed last. It's important to put the abstract in the table of contents first, and the chronicles and essays are trivial. As a supplement to the summary and generalization, it is put at the back, and the external compilation is ridiculous and unbelievable, so it is put at the end.
Zhu Tianjun, doctoral supervisor of library science in Peking University, pointed out: "The integration of ancient and modern books, whether in the design of the whole book structure or in the compilation method of each compilation material, has thoroughly implemented the principle of' classification', thus further deepening the characteristics of similar books, which is the embodiment of the mature development of ancient similar books in China." The Collection of Ancient and Modern Books itself can be said to be the most typical representative of China's books.
6. The Collection of Ancient and Modern Books can provide materials dating back to the Ming Dynasty.
This can be seen from two aspects: on the one hand, the literature collected by the integration of ancient and modern books has a very long time span, from ancient times to the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, they are all poorly searched. There are data from all previous dynasties, not limited to a certain dynasty. In fact, it has the nature of compiling general historical materials, which provides a basis for the traceability of the Ming Dynasty.
On the other hand, while strictly classifying warp and weft interweaving, we should also pay attention to arranging materials with the same content and nature in chronological order as far as possible, rather than stacking them at will. In this way, the origin is clear, and the historical evolution and ancient and modern evolution are prominent.
For example, as long as there are years, months and days to be tested, they must be arranged in chronological order, year by year, month by month or even day by day, with subtitles, to make clear the context of historical development and change. Only when the month of the current year is unobservable, it is arranged in the order of history first and subset later.
For another example, biographies and arts are arranged in strict accordance with dynasties. As for sentence selection, chronology, miscellaneous compilation and external compilation, although the dynasty and year are not clearly marked, they are still in chronological order, one after another.
It is no exaggeration to say that the entrance examination for some departments is actually a compilation of information about the development history of a certain thing or a certain subject. For example, The Examination of Calendar Headquarters describes in detail the adoption, modification and abandonment of 76 calendars from Fu to the early Qing Dynasty, and lists their contents or points one by one. There is a special examination on the compilation evolution in the examinations of various departments of the Professional Code, which carefully examines the ancient and modern changes in the compilation of the national government. A comprehensive inspection of the tax department is like a sketch of the history of tax corvee in China. The comprehensive examination of departments constitutes a long series of educational development history in China.
Seven, "ancient and modern book integration" is the most encyclopedic content.
According to the content, books can be divided into two categories: specialist and comprehensive. The former, such as "Book House Yuan Gui", specializes in collecting information about the deeds of monarchs and their subjects, and knows nothing else. The latter, such as Taiping Yu Lan, includes the time series of heaven and earth, emperors and princes, animals and plants, ghosts and gods.
The Integration of Ancient and Modern Books is a comprehensive book, and it is the most encyclopedic. The six compilations in the book cover all the contents of ancient culture:
The almanac collected data on astronomy, meteorology, algorithms, folk customs and disasters.
Fang edited the historical documents on geography, administrative divisions, famous mountains and rivers, ethnic minorities, neighboring foreign countries and diplomacy.
Ming Lun records all kinds of interpersonal relationships of feudal ethics, including emperors and their harem, official system, clan, friends, surnames, life, women and so on.
Natural history has a wide collection of skills, recipes, animals and plants, including agriculture, fishing, animal husbandry, medicine, divination, worship of ghosts and gods, Buddhism and Taoism, birds and cordyceps.
The Collection of Neo-Confucianism brings together various academic thoughts and works, writes a large number of bibliographies, and lists the materials of article genre, language, writing, calligraphy and so on.
The scope of economic compilation is wider, and all laws, measures and methods related to saving the world and benefiting the people are collected, such as school education, selecting talents, assessing officials, taxation and transportation, household registration system, wine, tea, oil and salt, music, military criminal law and everything.
To sum up, the collection of ancient and modern books involves philosophy, history, politics, economy, military science, diplomacy, ethnology, religion, folklore, literature, linguistics, philology, education and other disciplines. In social sciences, astronomy, meteorology, geography, medicine, agriculture, animal husbandry, zoology, botany and so on. It is indeed all-encompassing, encyclopedia, worthy of the reputation of Kangxi encyclopedia.
8. Who is the editor-in-chief of The Integration of Ancient and Modern Books?
When The Integration of Ancient and Modern Books went to press, the editor was not listed at the beginning of the volume as usual. Only in the table published by Xu and Jiang Tingxi, it is said that Jiang Tingxi proofreads and prints it, and the original editor is not mentioned. Later, he lied that it was written by Jiang Tingfu of the Qing Dynasty, and it was about the history, art and literature of the Qing Dynasty. After checking a lot of materials, experts found that the real editor should be Chen Menglei.
Chen Menglei, a word shock, a word provincial fast, Fuzhou Hou Guanren. Born in the eighth year of Shunzhi (A.D. 165 1) and the ninth year of Kangxi (A.D. 1670) in the Qing Dynasty, 19 years old, a scholar, edited by imperial academy. After going back and forth to visit relatives in Fujian, it coincided with the San Francisco rebellion. He was detained by Geng in a monk's temple and forced to accept a fake position. Refused to be appointed, and went to Beijing from Li Guangdi with Li Guangdi, a classmate, to join Chen. At this time, a Chen Yun was appointed as a pseudo-official, and the capital was misinformed as Chen Menglei. After San Francisco was razed, Chen Menglei was arrested, beheaded, pardoned and converted to worship heaven. On the other hand, Li Guangdi was born in poverty and was an outstanding official and Confucian. During his sixteen years in exile, Chen Menglei spread knowledge, participated in the revision of local chronicles, and made contributions to the cultural and educational undertakings in Northeast China. Kangxi traveled eastward, was recalled by grace, and was ordered to serve Prince Cheng.
During this period, the Collection was compiled with the help of Prince Cheng's books and funding. He said: "If you don't use the power of mosquitoes to bear it, you will be alone." "Within five years, you can have your eyes examined and your hands examined. There is no difference between morning and evening." Later, he wrote Preface, which was entrusted by Prince Cheng and appreciated by Emperor Kangxi.
Unfortunately, after the death of Emperor Kangxi, Chen Menglei was innocently involved in the political whirlpool. After Yong Zhengdi acceded to the throne, he brutally attacked his younger brother, and the prince was jailed, implicated, exiled to the Northeast again and died in a foreign country. Although Yong Zhengdi also acknowledged the value of the integration of ancient and modern books, and spared no expense in printing this masterpiece, he completely erased Chen Menglei's name and sent Jiang Tingxi to edit and proofread it. The so-called editing and proofreading is just "adding or deleting hundreds of thousands of words", which is less than 0.06% of the whole book. Besides, the basic framework has not changed.
Nine, "Ancient and Modern Book Integration" version spread
The collection of ancient and modern books was published many times before it was completely preserved, and it did not encounter the bad luck of Yongle ceremony.
The first edition was Wu Ying Dian Ben, which was printed with copper movable type in the sixth year of Yongzheng (AD 1728). This batch of bronze movable type is a collection of ancient and modern books specially ordered by Yong Zhengdi (unfortunately, it gradually separated after printing). Later, Wu Yingtang's books were to be carved or printed with wooden movable type. The book is divided into 5020 volumes, with exquisite illustrations, representing the highest level of printing and binding at that time. And only 64 copies were printed, which are very precious and have high cultural relics value.
The second edition is called Ernest Major Edition. In the 14th year of Guangxu (A.D. 1888), Ernest Major, a British brother who founded Shenbao, invested in the establishment of a comprehensive book publishing house, which was reprinted with No.3 movable type, so it was also called "movable type book". * * * Print 1500 copies, each 1628 copies. But the collation is not accurate, and there are many mistakes and omissions.
The third edition is "Interpreted Edition", which is photocopied according to the layout of the temple, but with 24 volumes of textual research (Qin Long). It was printed in the 20th year of Guangxu (A.D. 1895), and only 100 copies were printed, which caught fire and was not widely circulated.
The fourth edition is a reduced edition, which was photocopied by Zhonghua Book Company 1934, and 9 pages were combined into 1 page, which was bound into 800 volumes, and another 8 volumes were verified.
The fifth edition is a hardcover edition, 1984- 1988, which was jointly published by Zhonghua Book Company and Bashu Book Company. 1934 photocopy, unified number, with index, a total of 82 volumes (including textual research 1 volume, index 1 volume).
In addition, in the 1960s, Taiwan Province Province also photocopied temples.
All the above are printed, and this edition is electronic. Based on Temple Edition, the index database is re-compiled.
Ten, Chinese and foreign scholars' evaluation of "ancient and modern book integration"
The collection of ancient and modern books has attracted the attention of the royal family and dignitaries before it went to press. The support of Emperor Kangxi and Prince Cheng is self-evident. Although Yong Zhengdi denounced Chen Menglei, he did not ban books because of people's words. On the contrary, he urged the revised edition to be printed, prefaced it himself and spoke highly of it, saying that it was "widely collected, classified and unified into a book." The excellent view of the bookstore is an excellent preparation for reading. "
Jiang Tingxi, who is in charge of the revision, also pointed out in the above table that this book is "a subset of history, step by step; Ode, choose specific chapters; Grasping wild words, riding wild, full of flaws; In addition to the interpretation of Tibetan scriptures, there are also selected books. The analysis is divided into chapters, and you can watch the stormy waves when you go back; The outline was lifted, like shaking the collar. Two instruments and four images, salty into the text, Liuhe Kyushu, and wrapped in a volume. "
Zhang, a famous scholar, was also an important minister in the Three Dynasties. He said: "Since the book was signed, a book has been all-encompassing throughout the ages. There is no so-called ancient and modern book collection in our dynasty. It is a collection of hundreds of classics and histories, which are classified into categories, from astronomical phenomena, geography, Ming ethics, natural history, economy, and even insects and plants. " He also compared it with Yongle Dadian from the classification system, fully affirmed the "correcting power" of "Integration of Ancient and Modern Books" and thought that the two books were "worlds apart".
Kang Youwei, a celebrity in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote an inscription at the end of his book Integration of Ancient and Modern Books: "Integration of Ancient and Modern Books is the biggest book in the Qing Dynasty. Those who will compete with Yuan Gui, Taiping Yulan and Wenyuan in the Ming Yongle Grand Ceremony for great wealth are the sincere treasures of China and are willing to preserve them for Chinese civilization. "
Foreign scholars unanimously give high praise, calling it "China Encyclopedia". Or write an introduction, or list it as an important reference book, and some even index it in person.
For example, meyers, an Englishman, published the Bibliography of the Royal Collection of China in China Review as early as 1878, recommending ancient and modern book collections.
Joseph Needham, a famous British expert in the history of science and technology, emphasized in the first volume of his magnum opus "History of Science and Technology in China" that "the biggest encyclopedia we often consult is book integration".
In 19 1 1, the famous sinologist Zhai Lisi specially indexes it. 1907 waboer, Russia and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan published the index of "Integration of Ancient and Modern Books" in 19 12.
XI。 Anecdotes in the process of integrated circulation of ancient and modern books
At the beginning of its publication, The Collection of Ancient and Modern Books was regarded as a rare book, which was not only collected in the palace, but also awarded to ministers. Zhang gave two films, which is a great honor. During the Qianlong period, books were collected from all over the country to compile Sikuquanshu, and awards were adopted. Among them, those who entered more than 500 kinds of books were given a copy of the Collection of Ancient and Modern Books, and Zhejiang Bao Shigong, Fan (Tianyi Pavilion), Wang (Kaiwanlou) and Jiangsu Ma Yu each gave a copy. Foreign countries also attach great importance to temple collection. The British Museum in London, England collects the whole book, and Paris, France and Berlin, Germany each have residual books.
There are anecdotes worth mentioning. According to the collection records of Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo, during the Second Opium War in the late Qing Dynasty, Enemy at the Gates, the British and French allied forces, claimed these ancient and modern books. Although this is a national humiliation, we can understand the influence of this book abroad.
In the Qing Dynasty, this book had a small print run and a narrow circulation, and often "no one was seen". To this end, some scholars have taken the trouble to come from afar. During the Daoguang period, Zhang Jinwu, a scholar from Changshu, Jiangsu Province, and his teacher Huang Tingjian rushed to Zhen Wu, Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province to borrow the Collection of Ancient and Modern Books, which was collected by Bao. They sweated profusely in the heat, lit a lamp at night and read ten volumes every day. From this, several articles of the Jin Dynasty were found and included in Jin Wen Zui. Kang Youwei's teacher, Zhu Ciqi, also borrowed books from the Xue Yue Building in Kong's family, which lasted for three months.
It is said that during the Qianlong period, 120 questions were raised, most of which were unorthodox. Yuan Mei, known as a gifted scholar, was asked, but Yuan Mei couldn't answer them. Find someone to check the integration of ancient and modern books and answer 100. One hole answered all the questions. He said that he had read it seven times.
Lu Feikui, general manager of Zhonghua Book Company, also said in The Origin of Photocopying: "I heard the name book integration when I was a child. There is one somewhere, and an old man has read it several times. My heart yearns for it, but I have never seen its book. After the weak crown, I have been using books to compile books and write articles, which has benefited a lot. ..... every project, relationship book, including articles, a check. The ancients did much with half the effort. " So he made up his mind to photocopy the integration of ancient and modern books.
The information collected by the Department of Integrated Medicine of Ancient and Modern Books is very rich. For the convenience of readers, People's Health Publishing House specially photocopied this department at 1959, and named it "The Complete Works of the Integrated Medical Department of Ancient and Modern Books", which was bound into twelve volumes and widely circulated.
Zhu Kezhen, vice president of China Academy of Sciences, used a lot of almanac materials in Almanac and Ancient and Modern Books Collection when he wrote Climate Change in China in the past five thousand years.
In the Compilation of Historical Materials of Chinese and Western Communications edited by the famous geographer Zhang, a large number of historical materials about China's communication with Europe, Africa, West Asia, Central Asia and Indian Peninsula countries or regions are sorted out from the frontier fortress classics edited by the editor.