Frontier poetry is an artistic reflection of frontier life, which is inextricably linked with the national war in Dachuan. Because of the colorful life of frontier fortress, frontier fortress poems have a wide range of themes and extremely rich contents. Because of the ups and downs in different periods of each dynasty, the emotional demands expressed in poetry are high and low; It is also because each poet goes to the frontier fortress for different reasons and purposes, and his feelings are also very different, and the situation is quite complicated. For example, most frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty are passionate, and most frontier poems after the middle Tang Dynasty are affectionate. The frontier poems are mostly in the form of ancient customs (considering that the college entrance examination proposition is unlikely to be based on long ancient customs, this paper does not cover them) and quatrains, with fewer words. Middle school students should master the following keys to open the Arc de Triomphe when answering the appreciation questions of frontier fortress poems.
The first key is to find out the conception of frontier fortress poems, dig deep into their hidden themes and grasp the works as a whole. Because this problem is quite complicated, let's briefly comment on some famous sentences: "Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, but it can't be returned when it breaks the loulan", which not only shows the heroic spirit of the soldiers guarding the border and bravely kills the enemy, but also praises their great ambition to build the country; "Only make the Dragon City fly in, but don't teach Huma to cross the shady mountain", which not only expresses the desire for a good general to appear as soon as possible, but also shows the yearning for border peace; "The soldiers' army was uncertain in the first half, and the beautiful girls still in the camp danced and sang for them" not only exposed the ugly phenomenon of uneven bitterness and joy in the army, but also expressed deep sympathy for the soldiers at the lower levels; "Every year we bury countless bones in the desert and watch Pu Tao enter the Han family for nothing" is not only an indictment of unjust war, but also a desire and pursuit of peace; "Drunk and not laughing on the battlefield, fighting several times since ancient times" not only shows the freedom of the soldiers in the army, but also expresses their helplessness; "Playing Qiangdi, Guan Shanyue is worried about Wan Li and golden couple" not only shows the deep homesickness of frontier soldiers, but also expresses the endless thoughts and melancholy of military wives; "Nothing is said, everything is done", and there are blood and tears between the lines, which makes people hate it ... colorful frontier poems, or magnificent; Or fresh and elegant, lingering; Or sing generously, stop in the sky, or sing softly, filled with emotion; Or have a boiling passion, want to jump on a horse, or make people sad, want to break the halberd and the knife ... In order to deepen our understanding of this problem, we can use Chen Ziang's "Send David to the Army" (Xiongnu is still alive, Jiang Wei rejoined the army. No, no, three rivers, chasing six counties. The wild goose mountain crosses the north, and the fox inserts the cloud. Don't let it go to the top, but stay in Korea and you will succeed. ) come up with an exercise question: "What are the characteristics of this poem describing the frontier fortress environment? What role did it play? What is the theme of this poem? Please analyze it briefly. " Before answering, we should grasp the words "Wild Goose Mountain takes the place of the north, and foxes insert clouds" to see the hidden worries in the author's description of the steep mountains in the frontier fortress. We should grasp the main idea from the whole article, and then make the following correct answer: "Write down the dangerous situation in the frontier to render the atmosphere and predict the fierce battle in the future, which is imaginative. Its theme is: place high hopes on David and inspire friends to strive for the first place; At the same time, it also shows the poet's ambition to make contributions to the country. "
And some seemingly farewell poems by in my heart forever are inextricably linked with frontier fortress life, so we might as well regard them as derivative works of frontier fortress poems or classify them into the same kind. For example, Shen Quanqi's Miscellaneous Poems (for Huanglong City, our army has already made a fortune. And the girls here look at the same melancholy moon, Chang's camp. Young wives dreamed of spring, and last night their brave husbands. In a big attack, Huanglong City was captured with flags and drums. ) To show the broad masses of people's war-weariness with the lovesickness of a young married woman in a boudoir and an expedition husband. Although their feelings were bitter, they still lost hope. The whole poem is simple and profound, with deep feelings and thought-provoking. You see, the war on the northeast front has been going on for several years, and there is still no truce. How many soldiers fought for many years, "vowed to sweep the Huns", and how many military wives looked forward to "and my husband came back from the long battle!" But they don't know when the defenders of Huanglong will come back. "The fifteenth moon shines in my hometown and on the border. You also miss the quiet night, and I miss it. " The moon shines in my hometown Huanglong, and the moon in my boudoir is the moon in my camp. The month when husband and wife look forward to each other is also the month when they get together. The bright moon is a symbol of their soul mate. The words "poor" and "long photo" accurately show the pain they miss now, some regret and some helplessness, both lingering and sad. Year after year, they miss each other hard, crying and grabbing the land, and they are deeply affectionate. Another example is Wang Changling's Forever in My Heart, Chen Yulan's Farewell to the Husband, Cen Can's The Messenger of Attending the Beijing Meeting, and Gao Shi's Don't Move Big. , are the top works in this kind of poetry, you can carefully consider. Now take Wang Changling's "Forever in My Heart" (boudoir young women don't know how to worry, spring makeup. Suddenly I saw the green willows, and I felt uncomfortable; Oh, I regret that I shouldn't have asked my husband to find Hou Feng. ) consolidate a question and say, "what is the poetic eye of this quatrain?" What kind of complicated mood does the heroine show? "When considering how to answer, first of all, we should grasp the words" seeking to seal Hou ",because only these three words in the poem are related to frontier fortress, which is a main way for many people to hunt for fame; Secondly, we have to find the words that can best express the heroine's mood before we can make such a correct answer: "poetic eyes are the word' regret'." There are not only dissatisfaction with the separation of husband and wife, but also guilt that it is difficult to get rid of the wrong husband's' seeking for a seal', and my own awakening and regret for making a big mistake. "Then take Cen Can's" Wuwei sent the judge Liu March Yunxi "(there are few pedestrians in the volcano in May, and the horse is like a bird. All Hu Junying are in the west of Venus, and a horn will shake Xiaohutian. A question: "Some critics think that' the last sentence is really a good warning'. Please give an in-depth and brief explanation. "Before solving the problem, we should make it clear that the' bugle call' is the bugle call in the army, and then make clear the symbolic meaning of' Hu', so that we can find the right thinking and make the right answer." This sentence is extremely profound, which means that as long as our army launches an attack, we can destroy the enemy, win great victories and let the western regions see the light again. "This is very different from the general farewell poem. The poet closely linked farewell and congratulations, which is unique and unique.
The second key is to find out the relationship between the description of the scenery and the feelings expressed. Take Wang Changling's "Join the Army (7)" as an example (dusty desert, red flag rolled out of Yuanmen. The former army fought in Taohe River overnight, and it was reported that Tuguhun was captured alive. ), the first sentence vividly depicts the desert scenery. The vast desert is endless, and "Pingsha Wan Li is uninhabited". Whenever the north wind shakes the desert, the dust covers the earth, and the yellow sand is startled, and the sun is dim. This plays up the fierce battle scenes and embodies the heroic pride of Tang Junbing in killing the enemy. Let's take a look at Wang Wei's Fortress. Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky. The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen. When I arrived at the small pass, I met a spy waiting for the knight and told me that Dou Hu was in Yan. ) The famous sentence in the poem "The desert is lonely and the long river sets the yen" depicts the wonders of the desert-the smoke rising from the desert is so straight, and the sunset reflected by the Yellow River is so round, which shocked the poet and refreshed him. The melancholy in front of me was dissolved in the vast natural scene and immediately swept away. The cadence technique well highlights the grandeur and strangeness of the desert and the poet's passionate mood. Through the description of the magnificent scenery of the desert, the poet expressed his reverence for the soldiers who defended their homes against the enemy, defended the frontier and made contributions, and was full of lofty patriotic feelings. Take Li Yi's "On Listening to the Flute at Night on the Wall of the Country" (the sand is like snow before Yuefeng, and the moon outside the city is like frost. I don't know where the bleak reed flute blows and I look at my hometown all night. ), the first two sentences are written in neat antithesis form, using two vivid metaphors. First, write the yellow sand on the vast desert from the perspective of overlooking, like snow in the moonlight, and then write the moonlight in the vast sky from the perspective of looking up, like severe frost. Up and down, I saw that the whole desert was white, which made me feel chilly. The poet deliberately portrayed and repeatedly rendered from three aspects: geographical location, scenery and climate, creating a sad atmosphere, paving the way for the latter two sentences to express the homesickness of the soldiers guarding the border. Visible, different scenery, different feelings, the relationship between the two is very complicated. "Plum blossoms don't disperse the cold, so how can they smell?" It's hard to find this key without reading and practicing. Let's talk about Gao Shi's "Listen to the Flute on the Bunker" (first frost is quiet, the horses are still eating grass, and the flute is guarded between the buildings in the moonlight. Excuse me, where did the plum blossom fall? The wind blew all over the mountain overnight. The debut topic consolidates the understanding of this key. The title is: "This frontier fortress poem depicts a colorful frontier fortress painting and expresses the poet's feelings. What is the emotional tone? " When thinking, we must first analyze the picture. This poem depicts that the sky looks particularly clear after frost. The soldiers released their horses and returned. After dinner, they forgot the hard work of the day and went to the garrison building, where they hung the Great Wall and played the Qiang flute. Melodious flute flutters with the wind and travels far away. Then grasp the key sentence of "Excuse me, where does the plum blossom fall", and analyze the poet's writing with homophonic and virtual reality, which is full of charm. Qiangdi is called Plum Blossom, which is used by poets alone. First, the word "plum blossom" is used to remind people of the real plum blossom. In this way, "where the plum blossom falls" has two explanations. One is where the melody of "Plum Blossom Falling" falls, and the other is where the plum blossoms in the hometown of soldiers fall and flowers fly all over the sky. In this way, the two thoughts of smelling flute and homesickness are unified in one poem. There is emptiness in reality, emptiness in reality, reality in reality, the realm of things and me, and the blending of scenery and sound. The correct answer can be obtained: "It expresses the homesickness of the soldiers guarding the border. Its emotional tone is emotion rather than sadness. "
The third key is to find out which places in the poem describe the war scenes. The war is very cruel and bloody. From the aesthetic point of view of poetry, it is not beautiful at all, so it is not suitable for direct description, so most poets describe it from the side. So middle school students are still hard to find. So, how do you dig it out? First of all, we must seize war-related artifacts, such as flags, drums, sticks, bows, horns, chariots, shafts, bonfires and so on. The second is to grasp the places, people, things and things related to the war, such as Loulan, Yinshan, Hanhai, Liangzhou, Great Wall, Surrender City, Yumenguan, Khan, Tuguhun, Qiangdi, Hujia, Pipa, Broken Willow, Luomei and Guan Shanyue, and then make rich associations. Take Wang Changling's Join the Army (7) for analysis: The "Red Flag" in "Red Flag Half Rolled Out of Yuanmen" refers to the battle flag, and "Half Rolled Out of Yuanmen" means that the troops are advancing rapidly in order to improve the marching speed without being discovered by the enemy. Although the author didn't tell people what the army was going to do, the readers naturally knew the secret through the tense atmosphere. And "the former army fought the Taohe River at night. It is said that the" Taohe River "in" Tuguhun "is on the front battlefield. The most crucial thing is the last sentence, which says that Tang Jun captured the Japanese chief "Tuguhun" alive and achieved fruitful results. " Catch the thief and get the king first. "The enemy has lost his mind and can only flee in a mess, like birds and animals scattered. As for how to capture the enemy chief alive and how to escape the remnant enemy, let the readers imagine for themselves. This idea is ingenious, full of comedy and implication. Luo Guanzhong borrowed this method when he wrote "Guan Yunchang killed Hua Xiong with warm wine" in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. However, Roche's language is not as concise as this poem, and there are many words such as "beating drums outside the customs, shouting loudly, such as land subsidence, Yuehan landslide, and ten thousand people are eclipsed". Of course, this is because the creative methods of novels and poems are different, but it is also reasonable. We can use Liu's "Complaining about Others" (There were He Fu, Ma Ce and Tao Huan in the Jin Dynasty. In the late spring when it snows heavily, the Great Wall, a journey across the Yellow River and around Montenegro. ) give a topic to consolidate. The title reads: "The title of the poem is" Complaining about People ".There is no word" complaining ",but it is very romantic. Where does the "resentment" in the poem come from? Please analyze it briefly. "Before answering, it is one of the keys to grasp frontier poems, place names related to frontier fortress and instruments used in war. Grasping the function words such as "Fu" and "He" is the second key; Grasping the overlapping words such as "years old" and "facing the DPRK" is the third key; The fourth key is to grasp verbs such as "back" and "detour". The answer is: "First, the arrangement and combination of many substantive words from Jinhe and Guan Yu; Second, it comes from the clever use of function words such as fu and Yu; Third, the ingenious modification of overlapping words from Sui Dynasty and Chao Dynasty; Fourth, it comes from the flexible use of verbs such as "ghost" and "Rao". "
There are keys, and more than one. As the saying goes, it is also very particular to open a lock with a key. It goes without saying that we should use it flexibly, analyze and study specific poems, and find the key that can be locked.