(1) Title:
The title is the theme, the soul and commander-in-chief of the blackboard newspaper, which plays a decisive role in the success of the blackboard newspaper. Therefore, when designing the title, we should first consider reflecting the theme of the blackboard newspaper and put it in the most conspicuous position. Generally, it is composed of a title, a theme painting and a decorative pattern. Of course, the complete header should also be equipped with the organizer, publication date and number of issues.
Title words generally account for about one-third of the whole title and can be placed anywhere in the title. Fonts can be bold, song style, various variants and calligraphy characters. But no matter where you are and what font you use, you should be in harmony with the picture and not isolated from each other.
The main contents of theme paintings are people, buildings and commemorative signs, animals and plants, and even daily necessities. General painting techniques include single-line sketch, color block method, inkjet method and so on. No matter which painting technique is adopted, it requires concise lines, generalized images and neat and beautiful pictures.
Decorative patterns are mostly composed of geometric figures or lines. It should play a role in setting off the theme painting, which is consistent with the expression center of the theme painting and uniform in color.
The position of the header is mostly placed in the middle, upper right corner and upper left corner of the blackboard newspaper, and sometimes it can be placed in other positions below for the pursuit of novel and unique effects. In addition, we should also pay attention to the collocation of cold and warm colors. The colors of theme paintings and headlines should be bright and contrasting, which is easy to attract readers' attention. However, the header is usually not less than one-eighth of the layout.
(2) Title:
The title should be concise and meaningful. According to the layout, it can be divided into column titles and article titles. According to the content, it can be divided into solemn and serious titles and lively titles. Most banner titles are to summarize and highlight the main content and central idea of the layout, which makes people clear at a glance, and are generally placed above the blackboard newspaper. The title of an article is a summary of the title or content of the article. Solemn and serious titles, such as campus safety, celebrating the National Day, learning from Lei Feng, and the seventieth anniversary of the Long March, are usually in bold, Song Style and Wei Ti. Lively titles are generally festivals, hometown, study fields, etc. Most of them use some variants and calligraphy fonts.
The title of the article generally accounts for one-eighth of the area of the article, and can be placed anywhere in the article as needed. It can be horizontal, vertical, oblique, curved, staggered up and down, wavy, fan-shaped and so on. Generally, it is criss-crossed to make the layout lively.
The color of the title is warm and striking (especially red and yellow). In order to beautify the decorative title, you can put a background color, write the title words on the background color, or draw some lace lines under the title words to set off.
(3) Illustration:
Illustration is a pattern in the big gap between the sections of blackboard newspaper, which plays the role of beautifying and decorating the layout. The content should be consistent with the theme painting of the title, and the expression methods are mostly single-line sketch and freehand brushwork in Chinese painting. The size should not exceed the header. The number of a blackboard newspaper should be one or two. If there are more than two, it is suspected of usurping the role of the host. Illustration still plays an important role in the color and visual balance of the whole layout, so its color should be bright and eye-catching; The position is usually opposite or symmetrical to the head.
(4) Opening flowers and closing flowers
The so-called title flowers and tail flowers are the illustrations at both ends of the title or at the end of the article, which play a role in filling the blank of the page, setting off the theme and beautifying the page. They are all small decorations, try to choose some patterns with simple structure, and the size of the format should not exceed the illustration.
(5) Lace and border:
In order to separate the articles in the layout, we often use some lace or border lines. This can make the layout clear, distinct and easy to read, and can also beautify and enrich the layout.
Lace, also known as bidirectional continuous pattern, is a basic pattern that is repeatedly arranged in the left and right or up and down direction and extends into a continuous pattern. The pattern on the lace should be neat and concise.
Boundary lines can be straight lines, broken lines, rays, arcs and arrow lines, and line types can be thick or thin.
(6) gap:
The so-called blank means that in layout design, we should pay attention to leaving a certain space between articles, headers, titles and illustrations. You can't draw words, headers, titles or illustrations on the edge of the blackboard. To leave "sky", "ground" and left and right blanks, at least one word space should be left around the edge (generally about 5-7 cm). The gap between parts depends on the need. If it is too small, it will appear crowded and "airtight"; If it is too large, the layout will appear loose and not compact.
From the overall layout, the frame spacing is greater than the line spacing, the line spacing is greater than the line spacing, and the line spacing is greater than the word spacing. Judging from the layout of the whole blackboard newspaper, the space between sides is greater than the space between rows.
Second, the layout design
The design of blackboard newspaper must follow the principle of taking the overall situation into account. First, consider the overall tone of the blackboard newspaper, that is, solemn or full of vitality, and then consider the overall composition and layout of the blackboard newspaper. The arrangement of titles, topics and articles; Use of fonts, patterns, colors, etc. We should closely focus on this general tone and make them an organic whole with internal relations, so as to achieve the harmonious unity of ideological content and artistic form.
(1) Layout form:
There are usually three layout forms: horizontal layout, vertical layout and the combination of horizontal and vertical layout. The most commonly used form is horizontal and vertical combination, because it is not easy to make the layout dull and rigid. The main content of the article should be placed next to the title, just like the "front page title" in newspapers and periodicals. Depending on its important weight, the rest of the articles are placed in the corresponding layout according to the visual effect value law of "upper left is greater than upper right, left is greater than right and upper is greater than lower".
(2) the layout of the bones:
The layout should be properly arranged according to the propaganda theme of the blackboard newspaper and the attention value of the layout, so as to be neat, organized, eye-catching and beautiful.
Common arrangement patterns are M-shaped, W-shaped, 20-shaped, chain-shaped, cross-shaped, flag-shaped, step-shaped, diamond-shaped, and radial and concave-convex patterns.
Third, the use of color:
Besides serving the theme, color has another purpose, which is to attract readers' attention, arouse their emotions and leave a deep impression on them. In the blackboard newspaper, the use of color should pay attention to the following two points:
(a) according to the content requirements of the blackboard newspaper, determine the main color of the blackboard newspaper. For example, the content is to celebrate festivals, and the main color should be red; Life in schools and military camps is full of vitality and health, and green should be the main color. After determining the main color, supplemented by two or three auxiliary colors, it not only sets off the theme, but also makes the overall layout have a harmonious beauty in visual and emotional effects, which makes people feel happy.
(B) the correct use of color contrast. The application of color contrast in blackboard newspaper is very important, mainly the contrast between main color and auxiliary color; Contrast between auxiliary colors and auxiliary colors. There are usually three contrast methods: color contrast, cold and warm contrast and area contrast. These three methods are often used synthetically. If the main color is too warm, the area of the cool color as an auxiliary color can be larger and the color tone is purer, so that the colors can be balanced in visual effect. Making good use of color contrast can make the whole layout lively and bright, which will strongly stimulate readers' vision and make up for the shortcomings of less information, long replacement period and difficulty in attracting readers' attention.
Fourth, writing:
A pleasing blackboard newspaper, besides reasonable layout, elegant title and harmonious color matching, should also be accompanied by decent and beautiful chalk characters, so as to show the practicality and artistry of the blackboard newspaper and be regarded as a perfect blackboard newspaper.
The content of the article is usually written in regular script, imitation song style, thin line style, official script and running script. Especially regular script, imitation of Song Dynasty is the most commonly used. Generally speaking, some short and important contents can be written in official script and thin line; If the article is long, it can be written in running script as appropriate. In the blackboard newspaper, it is not appropriate to use cursive script, seal script and other fonts in the content of the article, so as not to lose the news, accuracy, conciseness and flexibility of the blackboard newspaper.
In particular, no matter which font is used for writing, the font size can only account for half to one third of the width of the whole line. If it exceeds half, the layout will be crowded; If it is less than one third, the layout will appear loose again.
It should also be noted that white chalk should be used when writing. If you use chalk of other colors, the layout will be too fancy, which will lead to the disorder of the layout.
Five, the general steps of blackboard newspaper:
After mastering the basic knowledge of blackboard newspaper, you can start publishing blackboard newspaper. According to everyone's ability, habit and personality, the methods and steps of publishing blackboard newspapers will be different. Let's talk about the methods and steps I often use when publishing blackboard newspapers:
1 First of all, make clear the propaganda content of each blackboard newspaper and determine the overall tone and main color of the layout.
2. Based on the main color, design a header consistent with the theme of the blackboard newspaper.
3. Filter the content of the article and distinguish the values of concern, so as to put them into the corresponding layout.
4. Select or design the corresponding layout form and skeleton style, and draw a layout sketch on the draft paper.
5. Conceive the size, position, color and font of the title of each page, and arrange illustrations in the gap of each page.
6. Copy the sketch on the draft paper on the blackboard with various blackboard newspaper tools, paying attention to leaving a blank between heaven and earth and left and right. And use appropriate fonts to write the content of the article.
7. Insert some topic flowers and tail flowers in the blank space at the end of the title and article content.
8. If necessary, separate the layout with lace or border lines, and then outline the border lines of the full-page newspaper with eye-catching lines, so that the whole page becomes a unified organic whole.
9. Use brush, wet cloth, ink and other gadgets to modify the defects to achieve the best results.