Mrs. Jin Wei's "Pen Map": "Those who are good at writing are skinny, and those who are not good at writing are fleshy; The skinny and fleshy one is called Jin Shu; The fleshy and skinny one is called the ink pig. " From then on, the words that describe the lines of calligraphy began to appear, such as "bone", "flesh" and "tendon", which symbolize strength and life. Since the Jin Dynasty, it has been discussed in all previous dynasties. For example, Qing Kang Youwei's "Guang Yi and Zhou Shuang Talk" said: "If a book is a person, it must be bones and muscles." What's more, Chen Yuan's Anthology of Hanlin and Ting Xiang's and Lu's Calligraphy of Yuyanlou have chapters devoted to "blood method", "bone method", "muscle method" and "flesh method". Unfortunately, there is no so-called "skin method". Lines have bones and flesh, how can they have no skin? Without skin coverage, bare bones and blood, such lines can not give people a beautiful enjoyment, but give people a feeling of fragmentation and trauma! Therefore, the line must have five bodies, all of which are indispensable. The following is a brief description of the lines.
"Bone" refers to the appearance with strong lines and strong momentum. "Reflecting the sunlight, there is a wisp of thick ink in the center of the lines, but the sunlight is not transparent" (Meng Qian Bi Tan), which is Shen Kuo's praise for the beauty of Xu Xuan's calligraphy lines. The center of this opaque line is the bone of the line, and the surrounding skin and tendons are slightly transparent. This phenomenon is similar to medical X-rays, only bones, muscles and veins are seen faintly. Because "there is a wisp of thick ink in the center of the line", we feel that this line is particularly thick and can be "touched", so the two-dimensional space becomes a three-dimensional space, resulting in a three-dimensional sense. Liu Xizai's Outline of Art in Qing Dynasty: "Words have courage". Visible force is the expression of bone body. Calligraphy has always emphasized bones and muscles and their functions, and those with strong bones and muscles are the top grade. Zhu Qing and Lu Zhen's "Introduction to Calligraphy" also said, "However, flesh and blood are born in bones and muscles, and if bones and muscles do not stand, then flesh and blood cannot be proud. Therefore, the book takes bones and muscles first. " "Yu Yan Lou Calligraphy Bone Method" says: "The husband's bone is not sharp but sharp. It is also necessary to penetrate its force in the painting and gather its front in the word, so the vertical and horizontal dimensions are infinite. Only by understanding the words' straight' and' tight' can I get it. " Therefore, the thread bone has the greatest relationship with superb pen-centered skills.
"Tendon" refers to the tight lines and muddy strength. In Su Wen's Five Zang Roots, the "hundred tendons belong to the joints", and the tendons are attached to the bones and gather in the joints, and the joints are the tissues that connect the joints and muscles. It can be seen that tendons and tendons are flesh and blood. The explanation of tendon in Shuo Wen Jie Zi is "the power of flesh", and the art program also says: "There is the power of endurance, and tendon is also". Therefore, "tendon" itself is the expression of strength, and this strength is deep and tends to be tolerated without being exposed. "Hanlin Yaoze": "The strength of words is also the pen. Hidden at the fracture, measured at the joint. It is also true that Tibetans squatted and robbed from beginning to end; It is also intentional to be in the air. " The ancients generally compared brush strokes to linear tendons, which accords with the original meaning of "tendon" If the pen tip is not hidden in the broken part, the joint will not be too much, and it will also produce the disease of exposing tendons.
"Pulse" refers to the rich and vivid appearance of lines. Its original meaning refers to blood vessels, and Shuo Wen Jie Zi is interpreted as: "Blood is divided into oblique bodies." Blood circulates in veins and reaches the bones and muscles outside, mainly to nourish and moisten the bones and muscles. Therefore, it is said in "Difficult Classics" that "blood governs nourishment", but blood must circulate in the pulse, and if it is separated from the pulse, it will lose its nourishing function. It was said by predecessors that ink painting is the blood of words. If it is too light, it will hurt the spirit. If it is too thick, it will fall behind the pen. It is necessary to "attach importance to its gas and despise its light" (Qing Zhou Xinglian's My Opinion on Linchi). The essence of Hanlin also said: "Chinese characters are born in ink, ink is born in water, and water is the blood of Chinese characters." Therefore, the blood circulating in the veins is ink and wash. Only when ink and wash are harmonious and used properly can lines have a rich and vivid appearance and form a vivid life. In Guang Yi and Zhou Shuang, it is said that "the blood is thick but the bones are old, the muscles are hidden but the flesh is bright, and the posture is strange and easy, which can be described as beautiful" and the so-called "writing style is hard and the skin is beautiful" in Cai Yong's nine powers. The beautiful textures such as "the bones are old", "the muscles are hidden" and "the skin is beautiful" are all related to ink painting. Therefore, calligraphers have always had high requirements for ink painting, such as raw ink, fresh water, Leng Mo studies and so on.
"Meat" refers to the plump and elastic appearance of lines. "Yuyanlou Calligraphy Meat Method": "The meat in one word is slightly fat.
Thin hands are heavy. However, it is particularly important to look at water and ink. Desire for water makes the meat loose, and stagnation of water makes the meat dry. Thick ink makes the meat stupid, while light ink makes the meat uncooked. Coarse meat stagnates, and accumulated meat condenses. "Hanlin Secret Meat Method": "If you fly with a full stomach, the meat of the word will also ... be fat when you are full, and be thin when you fly. Fat man, ten cents is enough; Thin words will save a lot of points. " Therefore, the meat quality of lines depends on the depth of pen and ink. But the "fat" and "thin" of meat depends on the specific situation: sparse and flat places should be full, and dense and dangerous places should be lifted.
"Skin" refers to the smooth, clear and bright outline of lines, which plays a role in wrapping flesh and blood and keeping bones and muscles from being exposed. (Nine Potential): "When you write hard, your skin is beautiful" refers to the "beautiful" texture of your skin. Huang also said: "All paintings should be filled with ink, otherwise the pen will dry and the painting will be naked;" Make life hate. " These two examples are enough to prove the importance of line "skin". Bao Qing Chen Shi's "Art Boat and Two Stories" said: "When you brush paper, you will bet, and the pen is powerful, so the ink is fine in the paper." "If the brushwork is poor, there is no way to take the ink, overflow the ink, break the skin, form an ink ball, or disperse the ink into pieces. Where is the linear shape? Therefore, the "skin" of lines has the greatest relationship with brushwork. Blurred lines caused by dizzy rice paper give people an ethereal and mysterious feeling, including marriage groups. This hazy beauty is like
Calligraphy lines require five forms, but also need symmetry and coordination, otherwise the lines will lose their beautiful texture and enjoyment. Such as ink pig, meat duck, spring earthworm, autumn snake and other lines, disgusting, why is it beautiful? In addition, line shape is the carrier of spirit. If the five elements are not prepared, what is the meaning and charm?
Ceng Gong's "South of the City": "When the rain overflows the horizontal pond, the embankment is full and the mountains are chaotic to compete for things. After a while, peaches and plums bloom and the green grass is dyed. " In this poem, the poet made a long-term comparison between peach blossom and plum blossom. Peach blossom and plum blossom are easy to wither in the rain, and the grass is blue, which implies such a philosophy: although peach blossom and plum blossom are beautiful, their vitality is weak; Although the grass is unpretentious, it has strong vitality.